偉人・敗北からの教訓 2025年2月22日 第81回「源頼朝・源氏将軍家滅亡を招いた鎌倉殿」
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00:00Although it was a coincidental victory, all the defeats were inevitable.
00:07How did the foreigners, who had colored the history of Japan, lose?
00:13What were the causes and mistakes behind them?
00:17This time, we will talk about the defeat of Minamoto no Yoritomo, the first general of the Kamakura Shogunate.
00:25The Kamakura Shogunate, which destroyed the Shukuteki Heike and established itself in Kamakura,
00:31was completely annihilated in the middle of the war, and their two sons were killed by the Aisui.
00:38Why was Yoritomo unable to continue the Genji Shogunate?
00:45The philosophy of life learned from the failures of the defeated.
00:53The Lessons from the Defeat of Foreigners
01:03What do we learn from the failures of the foreigners in history?
01:10I'm Yuri Nakanishi, voice of Shinko.
01:15And I'm Jun Ito, voice of Ekishi.
01:18Nice to meet you.
01:20Last time, we focused on the defeat of Taira no Kiyomori.
01:25Was there any difference between the Heike and the Genji, who fought in the war?
01:32The Genji had a lot of internal conflicts.
01:36There is a tradition that even siblings kill each other.
01:39That's true.
01:41Even parents and children don't forgive each other.
01:43On the contrary, the Heike had a good teamwork.
01:46They didn't fight at home.
01:49It continued until the war.
01:52This time, let's talk about the person who established the Buke regime in Kamakura.
01:58I'd like to focus on the defeat of Minamoto no Yoritomo.
02:02Mr. Ito, you wrote the novel, Shura no Miyako, based on Yoritomo.
02:07What do you think of Yoritomo?
02:10There are a lot of great things about it.
02:12In particular, it is good at organizing, human observation, and human control.
02:20Yoritomo creates an organization and arranges people according to their aptitude.
02:26In other words, Yoritomo is very good at seeing people.
02:30It's not necessarily a good thing that a person who is a little dangerous to himself is purged in advance.
02:38This time, I'd like to look at the lessons learned from Minamoto no Yoritomo's defeat.
02:45First, let's take a look at what kind of person Minamoto no Yoritomo was.
02:52Minamoto no Yoritomo, who established the first full-fledged Buke regime in Kamakura,
03:00was born in Kyoto as the third son of Minamoto no Yoshitomo, the head of Kawachi Genji in 1147.
03:11Yoritomo, who grew up in the culture of Kyoto's Miyabina,
03:15was appointed as the secretary of Emperor Nijo at the age of 13.
03:22However, in 1159, Yoritomo's father, Yoshitomo, was defeated by Taira no Kiyomori in the Heiji Rebellion.
03:30He lost his life, and his fate changed.
03:35At the age of 14, Yoritomo became a captive and was at the risk of his life.
03:41However, he was exiled by Kiyomori, and was sent to Izu.
03:47After that, he lived as a nomad for 20 years.
03:54During this time, Yoritomo married Masako, the eldest daughter of Tokimasa Hojo, who was his supervisor.
04:03In 1180, Yoritomo was married to the third prince of the Go-Shirakawa Ho-Oh, Ryoji of Heike-Tsuito.
04:15Although he was defeated in the battle of Nishibashiyama in Sagami,
04:19he gathered the Go-Sou and Musashi Go-Zoku, and built a base of the Tougoku Bushi-Dan in Kamakura.
04:27After that, he fought against his cousin Kiso Yoshinaka, and killed his two brothers.
04:35Furthermore, he destroyed the Shukuteki Heike, and established a shogunate in Kamakura.
04:40His younger brother, Yoshitsune Moro, was also killed in the battle of Fujiwara,
04:46and three years later, he became a shogun.
04:51Yoritomo had two sons and two daughters with Masako,
04:55and was aiming for the further prosperity of the Genji shogunate.
05:02However, six and a half years after he became a shogun, he suddenly fell ill and never returned.
05:11It was the moment of Yoritomo's defeat.
05:15After Yoritomo died, his two sons took over the shogunate,
05:20but they were assassinated at a young age, and the Genji shogunate only lasted for three generations.
05:29Why was Yoritomo unable to maintain the Genji shogunate?
05:35In this episode, we take a closer look at Yoritomo's defeat.
05:44Now, let's take a look back at Yoritomo's life.
05:49After his father, Yoshitomo, passed away, Yoritomo was sent to Izu,
05:54where he lived as a nomad for three years.
05:58What kind of memories do you have of him?
06:01At least, I don't have any records of Yoritomo's life in this period.
06:06Yoritomo got a wife from a noble family in Izu called Itoshi,
06:13and had a child with her.
06:15However, Itosuke Chika, the head of the family, came back from Oubanya,
06:19killed the child and had the child separated.
06:21That was before he married Masako, right?
06:23Yes.
06:24Masako was the second woman he married.
06:26This was a trick of Masako.
06:28Yoritomo thought that if he got a wife from a noble family,
06:33he would be able to protect himself.
06:36I think he learned a lot from Yoritomo at a young age.
06:40To put it simply, people have a tendency to sink.
06:44No matter how low your reputation is, it won't last forever.
06:49That's what Yoritomo thought.
06:51But there is always a reason to rise.
06:53Whether you realize the reason to rise or not,
06:56is the difference between winning and losing in your life.
06:59Yoritomo was a weak man.
07:01He didn't even have his own family.
07:03When he got a wife from a noble family,
07:05he didn't think that he could win with his military power.
07:08He didn't refuse.
07:10If he didn't refuse, his life would have ended.
07:13I don't know if Yoritomo thought like that.
07:16But Yoritomo didn't refuse.
07:18That's how his fortune expanded.
07:20I see.
07:21Whether he realized his chance or not,
07:23is the big difference.
07:25Yes.
07:26Is there a historical document to follow Yoritomo's life?
07:31Yes.
07:32The historical document of this era is called
07:35the Azuma Kagami,
07:37which is a sacred book written by a factory worker.
07:41You have to rely on it.
07:43The Azuma Kagami has been written by Yoritomo for 100 years.
07:48The sponsor is a factory worker.
07:51Of course, some parts of the document are twisted.
07:56So, if you ask me if everything is true,
07:59I have some doubts about credibility.
08:03After 20 years as a merchant,
08:05Yoritomo gathers the noble families of Tohoku
08:08and starts to fight against the Heike.
08:11There was a situation that changed Yoritomo's life.
08:16Let's take a look at Yoritomo's life.
08:20At the end of the Heian period,
08:22Tohoku was in a chaotic situation
08:24where the noble families of various places
08:27relied on each other's interests
08:29and expanded their power by force.
08:33At the age of 14,
08:35Yoritomo was swept away by the Izu River.
08:38How did Yoritomo live?
08:43Sakai, who studies Yoritomo's life and personality
08:46in the book of Genji Shogun Ranzetsu,
08:49talks about Yoritomo's life in the Rurin period.
08:55Yoritomo was a noble family.
08:58They were called Kishu.
09:01They were superior to ordinary samurai.
09:04They were relatively free.
09:07But they couldn't run away.
09:10They lived by observing people.
09:17Did Yoritomo have the greatest ambition
09:20in his life in the Rurin period?
09:26As a matter of fact,
09:28he was isolated far away from the Heike.
09:33What could he do?
09:35I think that the feeling of giving up
09:38was the main reason.
09:42Although he was a samurai,
09:44Yoritomo, who lived relatively freely,
09:47sought the true essence of his heart.
09:52One of them is Izusan Gongen,
09:55the current Izusan Shrine.
09:59It is said that Yoritomo was the one
10:02who prayed for the restoration of Genji Shogun Ranzetsu.
10:06Mr. Kosuge of Bonnegi
10:08speculates Yoritomo's feelings like this.
10:13He lost the war,
10:15and his father died.
10:18He lost his family,
10:20so the shrine is very meaningful.
10:23In that sense,
10:25I think that this shrine
10:27is a very supportive shrine.
10:32In the area,
10:34there is a stone left
10:36that is said to have been laid
10:38by Yoritomo and Masako Hojo during the Ose period.
10:42The daughter of Hojo,
10:44who did not have much political influence in the region,
10:49I think that Yoritomo,
10:51who was born and raised in the city,
10:55came to her.
10:59I think that Masako
11:01had a love for Yoritomo.
11:07Masako's father, Hojo Tokimasa,
11:10was against the marriage of the two
11:13because he was a royal family
11:15who watched over Yoritomo.
11:18However, at the age of 31,
11:21Yoritomo married Masako,
11:23who was 10 years younger than him.
11:29By marrying his daughter,
11:32he brought his father and his family
11:35to his side.
11:41So Yoritomo's feelings
11:43are more like calculations
11:45than politics.
11:51In 1180,
11:53Goshirakawa Hojo's third son,
11:55Mochihito,
11:57started a rebellion
11:59against Heike,
12:01who was in power in the city.
12:03When Heike issued an edict
12:05against him,
12:07Yoritomo accepted it.
12:10On the other hand,
12:12Heike immediately suppressed
12:14Mochihito's rebellion
12:16and took control of the region.
12:19The royal family
12:21felt threatened
12:23by the violent politics.
12:26They feared that their territory
12:28would be taken away.
12:31After Mochihito's rebellion,
12:33there were many Heike's
12:35in various parts of the country.
12:37I wanted to drive out
12:39those Heike-type people.
12:42That's how I felt.
12:45However,
12:47we couldn't fight against Heike
12:49by ourselves.
12:51So I thought
12:53I could gather people
12:55who were superior
12:57to us
12:59by bringing them
13:01to my head.
13:05Shiraha's arrow
13:07lit up
13:09Yoritomo's heart.
13:12If everyone wants me...
13:16Yoritomo decided to
13:18join the army
13:20as a member of the army.
13:22Mr. Hishinuma,
13:24who was familiar with
13:26the history of Kamakura,
13:28said that the war
13:30broke out all over the country.
13:34Not only Yoritomo in Kanto,
13:36but also Takedashi of Kai,
13:38Yoshinaga of Shinano,
13:40and Yoshinaga of Kiso
13:42joined the army
13:44at the same time
13:46in various parts of the country.
13:48That's because
13:50Heike's government
13:52wanted to
13:54strengthen the country.
13:57Yoritomo, who joined the army,
13:59wanted to meet
14:01Mr. Miura of Sagami,
14:03but he couldn't meet him
14:05due to bad weather.
14:07Mr. Miura, who lived
14:09in Ishibashiyama,
14:11challenged Heike Katani,
14:13who had 300 soldiers
14:15and 3,000 soldiers,
14:17and fled to the south
14:19of Chiwa Prefecture.
14:21Yoritomo, who was in
14:23the most dangerous situation
14:25in his life,
14:27died in the land of riots.
14:29Yoritomo got
14:31Mr. Miura's help
14:33and took over Awa.
14:35Kazusa Hirotsune,
14:37who was a rebel
14:39who had a lot of power,
14:41joined Yoritomo.
14:43According to
14:45Azuma Kagami,
14:47a history book
14:49published by
14:51the Kamakura Shogunate,
14:53when Kazusa Hirotsune
14:55joined the army,
14:57Yoritomo
14:59dared to show up
15:01and made him tremble.
15:03It's too late!
15:05Mr. Hirotsune was killed
15:07by Yoritomo
15:09for his innocence.
15:11But Yoritomo
15:13had an ulterior motive.
15:15He wanted to kill
15:17Mr. Hirotsune
15:19if he didn't show up.
15:21If you make a story
15:23like that,
15:25you can justify
15:27Yoritomo's later actions.
15:29It's a fiction
15:31to justify
15:33Mr. Hirotsune's actions.
15:35I think it's almost right.
15:37After that,
15:39Yoritomo
15:41joined the Kamakura Shogunate
15:43with Shigetazara Hatakeyama,
15:45the most powerful man
15:47in Musashi's country.
15:49Yoritomo was
15:51supported by
15:53the nobles
15:55who prioritized their own interests.
15:57How did Yoritomo
15:59unite them?
16:01I was born in Kyoto,
16:03so I have a personality
16:05of Kyoto.
16:07In my 20-year life in Lunien,
16:09I have a personality
16:11of Kanto,
16:13so I'm a hybrid.
16:15I was good at
16:17realizing my own
16:19individuality and
16:21how to use it effectively.
16:23His experience in Kyoto
16:25and his political experience
16:27in Tokyo
16:29led Yoritomo
16:31to use his own
16:33individuality
16:35and follow the samurai
16:37of the Tohoku region.
16:43And Yoritomo
16:45headed to the top of the Buke
16:47to fight.
16:59Chapter 1
17:01Yoritomo's Journey to the Tohoku Region
17:03Episode 1
17:05Yoritomo's Journey to the Tohoku Region
17:07Episode 1
17:09The Tohoku region
17:11was in danger
17:13when the Heike army
17:15sent reinforcements.
17:17Yoritomo left Kamakura
17:19and went to the Kise River
17:21in Suruga.
17:23His younger brother
17:25Hase Sanji,
17:2712 years younger than him,
17:29Yoshitsune,
17:31was there.
17:33I think Yoshitsune
17:35was happy to see me.
17:37Yoshitsune was
17:39surrounded by
17:41Fujiwara Hidehira
17:43of Oshu Fujiwara City.
17:45I think
17:47Yoshitsune was
17:49able to draw
17:51Hidehira
17:53to his side.
17:55Yoshitsune was
17:57able to draw Hidehira
17:59to his side.
18:01Yoritomo was
18:03impressed and
18:05joined the Heike army
18:07and united
18:09the Tohoku region.
18:13The situation
18:15changed
18:17and Yoritomo
18:19had a new idea.
18:21I might be
18:23able to stand
18:25at the top of the Heike.
18:27No, I have to stand.
18:29Before
18:31defeating the Heike,
18:33we have to
18:35fight
18:37who is
18:39at the top of the Heike.
18:41Each of us
18:43thinks so.
18:45In 1181,
18:47the head of the Heike,
18:49Taira no Kiyomori,
18:51died.
18:53Yoritomo
18:55was the first one
18:57to attack the Heike.
19:01His cousin,
19:03Kiso Yoshinaka of
19:05Shinano Genji.
19:07Yoshinaka?
19:09Is he going to be
19:11the head of Genji?
19:13Kiso Yoshinaka and
19:15Minamoto no Yoritomo
19:17were working together
19:19in Azuma Kagami.
19:21Kiso Yoshinaka
19:23and Minamoto no Yoritomo
19:25were rivals.
19:27They were
19:29competing for territory.
19:33When Yoritomo
19:35tried to send the Heike army
19:37to the capital,
19:39Kazusa Hirotsune,
19:41the most trusted man,
19:43opposed it.
19:45Then,
19:47Yoritomo
19:49killed Hirotsune
19:51out of pity.
19:55The government
19:57was formed
19:59as a group.
20:01At that time,
20:03we had to
20:05get rid of
20:07those who were
20:09in power.
20:11How can we
20:13get rid of them?
20:15At that time,
20:17Yoritomo
20:19chose
20:21a kind of
20:23coercion.
20:25Yoritomo's
20:27extreme behavior
20:29made Togokuzushi tremble.
20:31However,
20:33Yoritomo
20:35tried to
20:37strengthen the organization
20:39and aim for
20:41the throne.
20:45You look like
20:47a scary person.
20:49I don't want you
20:51to be close to me.
20:53How do you feel?
20:55Yoritomo
20:57is the descendant of Kawachi Genji.
20:59In the samurai society,
21:01he is called
21:03the rightful heir.
21:05He had the right conditions
21:07to be the head of the samurai.
21:09Togokuzushi's
21:11desire to be the heir
21:13was stronger than
21:15Yoritomo's expectation.
21:17So, Yoritomo
21:19tried to
21:21be charismatic.
21:23Nowadays,
21:25Yoritomo is a self-producer.
21:27Yoritomo
21:29killed Togokuzushi
21:31by using
21:33the descendants of Togokuzushi
21:35well.
21:37The first weapon
21:39is a knight.
21:41The second weapon
21:43is that
21:45the descendants of Togokuzushi
21:47had a grudge against the Heike.
21:49The third and most important
21:51weapon is
21:53the right to own the land.
21:55The descendants of Togokuzushi
21:57wanted to protect
21:59their land.
22:01However,
22:03they always argued
22:05that the right to own the land
22:07was theirs.
22:09In addition,
22:11they had to
22:13make an agreement
22:15with the Heike.
22:17However,
22:19they didn't do anything.
22:21They had a grudge
22:23against the Heike.
22:25Yoritomo
22:27tried to
22:29guarantee the right
22:31to own the land.
22:33Yoritomo
22:35recognized that.
22:37In addition,
22:39Yoritomo gave a new land
22:41to those who had achievements
22:43in the war.
22:45Yoritomo created
22:47a good relationship
22:49with the Heike.
22:51That's good.
22:53Yoritomo
22:55has the ability
22:57to attract people.
22:59However,
23:01he has a grudge
23:03against the Heike.
23:05The Heike
23:07is a kind of psychopath.
23:09I think so.
23:11This is related to
23:13the character of samurai
23:15in the Kamakura period.
23:17At that time,
23:19the Heike
23:21didn't think
23:23about good and evil.
23:25In the Kanto region,
23:27there were few lands.
23:29If you don't destroy someone,
23:31you can't get more land.
23:33That's why Yoritomo
23:35and the Heike
23:37thought that
23:39they were wrong.
23:41However,
23:43the Heike
23:45obeyed them.
23:47It was a terrible society.
23:51There are ways
23:53to organize the organization.
23:55However,
23:57if you don't do that,
23:59your subordinates
24:01will be worried.
24:05Yoritomo
24:07has a new ambition.
24:09He continues to attack
24:11the Heike.
24:13Finally,
24:15he establishes
24:17the Buke Seiken.
24:19However,
24:21his plan to strengthen
24:23the foundation of the Seiken
24:26In 1183,
24:28Yoshinaka,
24:30a rival of Yoritomo,
24:32attacks Kyoto from the north
24:34and expels the Heike from the capital.
24:37After that,
24:39Yoshinaka confronts
24:41Hōō Goshirakawa,
24:43the most powerful man in the court.
24:45Hōō Goshirakawa
24:47orders Yoshinaka to retreat.
24:49Yoritomo
24:51forces Yoshitsune and his two brothers
24:53to retreat.
24:55Yoritomo defeats Yoshinaka
24:57and defeats the Heike
24:59in Ichinotani.
25:03Now,
25:05Yoritomo is the leader.
25:07Next,
25:09he will be the leader of the Buke.
25:15In 1185,
25:17Yoritomo forces
25:19Yoshitsune and his brothers
25:21and finally
25:23destroys the Heike.
25:25However,
25:27Yoritomo has a grudge
25:29against Yoshitsune.
25:31How dare you
25:33accept the edict
25:35without my permission!
25:39Furthermore,
25:41when Yoshitsune acts
25:43indiscriminately,
25:45their relationship
25:47cannot be restored.
25:49It was Yoshitsune
25:51who acted first.
25:53I was the one
25:55who defeated the Heike.
25:57Why don't you understand?
25:59Yoshitsune
26:01ordered Hōō Goshirakawa
26:03to issue an edict
26:05for Yoritomo to retreat.
26:07The edict
26:09states that Yoshitsune
26:11must retreat
26:13under the order
26:15of Hōō Goshirakawa
26:17in order to
26:19restore the Heike.
26:21However,
26:23it was a big failure for Yoshitsune.
26:27However,
26:29Yoshitsune's soldiers
26:31did not respond.
26:33On the other hand,
26:35Yoritomo sent a large army
26:37to Hōjō Tokimasa
26:39and urged Hōō Goshirakawa
26:41to retreat.
26:43On the other hand,
26:45Hōō Goshirakawa
26:47ordered Yoshitsune
26:49to retreat
26:51under the order
26:53of Hōō Goshirakawa
26:55in order to
26:57restore the Heike.
26:59Furthermore,
27:01Yoritomo
27:03established the Shugo Jito
27:05nationwide
27:07in the name of
27:09arresting
27:11Yoshitsune
27:13under the order
27:15of Hōō Goshirakawa.
27:17If the Shugo Jito
27:19is deployed nationwide,
27:21the number of prisoners
27:23at the top will decrease
27:25and Yoritomo's power
27:27will increase.
27:31As a result,
27:33Yoritomo's power
27:35reached the lowest level
27:37and established the foundation
27:39of the Kamakura government.
27:44In 1189,
27:46Yoritomo
27:48annihilated Yoshitsune
27:50and the Oshu Fujiwara
27:52that surrounded him.
27:54Three years later,
27:56Yoritomo was appointed
27:58as the General of Justice.
28:00Yoritomo gained absolute power
28:02and took extreme measures
28:04against his younger brother
28:06Noriyori,
28:08who was the most powerful
28:10at the time.
28:12There is no doubt
28:14that Yoritomo
28:16was the one
28:18who forced Noriyori
28:20to be exiled to Izu.
28:22Yoritomo's brother
28:24was about to be killed
28:26by his brother,
28:28so Yoritomo decided
28:30to kill Noriyori.
28:32Yoritomo's brother
28:34was about to be killed
28:36by his brother,
28:38so Yoritomo decided
28:40to use Noriyori
28:42as his foundation
28:44or to support
28:46his kin,
28:48such as Noriyori
28:50and Yoshitsune.
28:52Yoritomo chose
28:54a non-clan
28:56influential person
28:58as his foundation.
29:02After this,
29:04Yoritomo, who was aiming
29:06to become the General of Justice,
29:08was exiled to Izu.
29:16Three years after he became the General of Justice,
29:18Yoritomo, who was about
29:20to be 50 years old,
29:22had a certain anxiety.
29:26The next Yorie is still 14 years old.
29:28I must create a strong
29:30system as soon as possible.
29:34Yoritomo decided to
29:36stay with his 18-year-old
29:38eldest daughter,
29:40Yorie.
29:44He introduced Yorie
29:46as the next General
29:48to the powerful people
29:50of the Imperial Court
29:52and asked Yorie
29:54to be the princess
29:56of Emperor Gotoba.
29:58Yoritomo was
30:00supported by
30:02the influential people
30:04of Emperor Gotoba.
30:06Yorie was like a
30:08hired madam.
30:10Yorie had to
30:12change from being
30:14a hired madam
30:16to the position
30:18of the king.
30:20Yoritomo wanted
30:22Yorie to be the princess
30:24of Emperor Gotoba
30:26and to give power
30:28to his descendants
30:30by establishing
30:32an imperial court.
30:34In order to control
30:36his descendants,
30:38he needed the authority
30:40of the Imperial Court.
30:42Yoritomo thought so.
30:48However,
30:50the princess returned to Kamakura
30:52and became weaker day by day.
30:54At the age of 20,
30:56she died.
30:58However,
31:00Yoritomo didn't give up.
31:02This time,
31:04he decided to make
31:06his 12-year-old daughter
31:08the princess of Emperor Gotoba.
31:10And he got the power
31:12of the Imperial Court.
31:14All right.
31:16I can do it.
31:22Yoritomo was
31:24getting ready
31:26to ascend the throne
31:28However,
31:30he suddenly passed away
31:32without realizing
31:34that his plan
31:36was coming true.
31:40Yoritomo lost
31:42his life.
31:44He was thought to have
31:46been killed
31:48because of the disease
31:50and the fall.
31:52The government
31:54of Yorie
31:56saw Yoritomo's recovery
31:58and passed away.
32:00I think that was
32:02the last thing
32:04Yoritomo could do.
32:08After that,
32:10Yoritomo's great dream
32:12was crushed
32:14by the power of
32:16the Imperial Court
32:18and each of his plans.
32:20After that,
32:22Yoritomo decided
32:24to go back to his country.
32:26People around him
32:28were afraid of him
32:30and wanted to kill him.
32:32I think that was
32:34Yoritomo's way of thinking.
32:36But I think
32:38he went too far.
32:40I think Yoritomo
32:42didn't want to leave
32:44anything behind
32:46other than his blood.
32:48He wanted to get rid
32:50of his brothers
32:52who could be used by someone.
32:54He had a strong
32:56self-defense instinct.
32:58I think Yoritomo
33:00prioritized standing
33:02at the top of the throne
33:04when he was fighting for the throne.
33:06How did he see
33:08his cousin Yoshinaka
33:10who was active
33:12in the capital
33:14and had a wild side?
33:16Yoshinaka.
33:18Yoritomo had
33:20Yoshitsune and Noriori
33:22lead the army
33:24but Yoshinaka was faster.
33:28I was wondering
33:30if Yoshinaka was faster
33:32or if Yoritomo
33:34had Yoshitsune and Noriori
33:36delay the army.
33:38What do you think?
33:40Here,
33:42Jun Ito
33:44examines the history
33:46from the perspective
33:48of a historian.
33:50What I mean is
33:52when Yoshinaka
33:54enters Kyoto,
33:56he thinks his army
33:58is strong enough.
34:00But if both sides
34:02clash,
34:04even if they win,
34:06they will be defeated.
34:08But
34:10Yoritomo's reading is wrong
34:12and Munemori
34:14takes the throne.
34:16When Yoshinaka enters Kyoto
34:18and takes the throne,
34:20he thinks,
34:22I thought too much.
34:24But Yoshinaka's army
34:26is weak
34:28and he works hard in the capital.
34:30It seems like Yoshinaka
34:32didn't apply for the throne
34:34but his subordinates did.
34:36Thanks to that,
34:38the Goshida war happened
34:40and Yoritomo was given
34:42the throne of Yoshinaka.
34:44He had a chance.
34:46He had to take this chance
34:48to fight against
34:50Yoshinaka.
34:52Yoritomo killed
34:54his brother Yoshitsune
34:56in Moroton, Fujiwara.
34:58What do you think about this?
35:00I think it's a symbol
35:02of Yoritomo's
35:04loyalty to Yoritomo.
35:06Yoritomo
35:08and Nobunaga
35:10see people
35:12whether they are needed or not.
35:14There are people who
35:16don't need Yoritomo.
35:18But Yoritomo
35:20is loyal to Yoritomo.
35:22Yoritomo doesn't harm Yoritomo
35:24and Yoritomo
35:26removes Yoritomo from the throne.
35:28So Yoritomo
35:30has a chance to
35:32get rid of Yoritomo.
35:34Yoritomo was desperate
35:36to get rid of Yoritomo.
35:38Is this
35:40to strengthen
35:42the foundation of Yoritomo?
35:44Basically, yes.
35:46Is there a difference
35:48between Kiyomori's foreign policy
35:50and Yoritomo's foreign policy?
35:52Is there a difference?
35:54Kiyomori's policy
35:56is to join
35:58the foreign policy
36:00in order to
36:02get rid of Yoritomo.
36:04Yoritomo's foreign policy
36:06is to get rid of Yoritomo
36:08in order to
36:10get rid of Yoritomo.
36:12Yoritomo
36:14has no soldiers.
36:16So Yoritomo
36:18is weak.
36:20What should we do
36:22to make Yoritomo
36:24not weak?
36:26Yoritomo
36:28can defend itself
36:30by any means.
36:32However,
36:34such selfish ideas
36:36are easy to cause
36:38a rebellion.
36:40After the death of Yoritomo,
36:42what kind of path
36:44did the Genji government follow?
36:46And what did Yoritomo
36:48bring to this country?
36:50Please take a look.
36:52Why couldn't Yoritomo
36:54maintain the Genji Shogunate?
36:56Why couldn't Yoritomo
36:58maintain the Genji Shogunate?
37:18Half a year after the death of Yoritomo,
37:20Jijo Otohime died of illness
37:22at the age of 14.
37:24The era Yoritomo
37:26yearned for did not come true.
37:28The era Yoritomo yearned for did not come true.
37:30Chakunan Yorie
37:32became the Shogun
37:34at the age of 18,
37:36but he could not
37:38follow his family
37:40with absolute power like Yoritomo.
37:42As Yoritomo
37:44grew up from a nomad
37:46and became the leader
37:48of Kamakura,
37:50Yorie should also
37:52have been able to
37:54hold his own power
37:56by following
37:58the example of Yoritomo.
38:00by following the example of Yoritomo.
38:02by following the example of Yoritomo.
38:04Yoritomo's Gifu,
38:06Tokimasa Hojo,
38:08was influenced by Yorie's youth
38:10and started a political
38:12campaign with 13 members.
38:14and started a political campaign with 13 members.
38:16Yorie, who rebelled against this,
38:18approached his father,
38:20Yorie, who rebelled against this,
38:22and Hojo,
38:24who wanted to hold the leadership
38:26of the government,
38:28started a fierce power struggle.
38:30started a fierce power struggle.
38:32Yorie, who fell ill,
38:34was imprisoned in Shuzenji,
38:36and was assassinated
38:38by Tokimasa Hojo.
38:40by Tokimasa Hojo.
38:42and was assassinated by Tokimasa Hojo.
38:44After that,
38:46the righteous fight
38:48continued.
38:50And Sanetomo,
38:52who became the third Shogun,
38:54was also killed.
38:56and was also killed.
38:5827 years after Yoritomo's
39:00Shogun appointment,
39:02the Genji Shogun family
39:04was completely wiped out.
39:08If Yoritomo had lived a little longer,
39:10If Yoritomo had lived a little longer,
39:12would the situation have changed?
39:14would the situation have changed?
39:16If Yoritomo had become the Shogun,
39:18Hidetada would have become the Shogun,
39:20and the Tokugawa Shogun family
39:22would have lasted
39:24270 years.
39:26I think that would have been possible.
39:28I think that would have been possible.
39:30Minamoto's Yoritomo
39:32Minamoto's Yoritomo
39:34Minamoto's Yoritomo
39:36However,
39:38he left a great mark on Japanese history.
39:40However,
39:42he left a great mark on Japanese history.
39:44He was a man who used martial arts
39:46to protect the lives of the people.
39:48to protect the lives of the people.
39:50He was a man who used martial arts
39:52to protect the lives of the people.
39:54He was a man who used martial arts
39:56to protect the lives of the people.
39:58I think that mark is a great one.
40:02With Yoritomo opening the door
40:04to the Buke regime,
40:06Japan was able to survive
40:08for over 650 years,
40:10and the samurai
40:12became noble.
40:19I think Yoritomo's end
40:21is truly a glorious one.
40:23is truly a glorious one.
40:25However,
40:27Yoritomo's life
40:29started as a knight,
40:31but he became a priest and lived for 20 years.
40:33but he became a priest and lived for 20 years.
40:35Then came the chance
40:37and ended it in a great way.
40:39and ended it in a great way.
40:41It was a tough life.
40:43It was a tough life, wasn't it?
40:45I felt it again.
40:46Actually, when Yoritomo appointed the second general to Yorien,
40:51he was trying to appoint a back-up, or rather, a backer to support it.
40:58It's not that Hojo was too high.
41:00Masako is a member of Hojo,
41:02so he was thinking of placing her in the same position as Miura and other nobles.
41:07It's a bad way to put it, but he was thinking of placing her in the same position as Miura.
41:12However, while Yorien was suffering from illness,
41:17Hojo Tokimasa killed his backer.
41:20He also killed Yorien's backers.
41:23As a result, Yorien became powerless,
41:26and he was exiled to Izu, where he was eventually killed.
41:31I think Yorien was the one who died the most tragically.
41:36Then, Sanetomo became the third general.
41:39There are many mysteries surrounding Sanetomo's death.
41:42He was a child of Yorien.
41:44He was exiled to Kogyo.
41:46It was called Kugyo in the past.
41:48In Kogyo, he was killed during a ceremony at Tsurugaoka Hachimangu.
41:53Sanetomo went to Gotoba Castle in Shutoen,
41:56and he was trying to place a backer in a position similar to Kobun.
42:01In response, Yoshitoki, who was in danger of losing his position in the Kamakura faction,
42:06went to Kogyo and killed Sanetomo.
42:10That's how many mysteries were solved.
42:15What do you think is the story of Yoritomo in the history of Japanese history?
42:21To put it simply,
42:23Yoritomo established the first Buke government in Japan.
42:27It was a very simple and easy-to-understand system.
42:36The Buke government lasted until the end of the Edo period.
42:39It lasted for 650 years.
42:42I think this is the greatest achievement of Yoritomo.
42:47Now, let's take a look at the lessons we should learn from the defeat of Minamoto Yoritomo.
42:54Excessive self-doubt digs its own grave.
42:58I think Yoritomo had the instinct of self-defense,
43:03so it had self-doubt in everyone.
43:06That's what Yoshitsune and Noriori did.
43:09By supporting their own sons,
43:14Minamoto became very weak.
43:17In other words, Yoritomo could no longer form a unit to protect Yori and Sanetomo.
43:22From the failure of Yoritomo,
43:26I want you to learn that self-doubt is like a sword.
43:29By using it, you will hurt yourself.
43:33I think Yoritomo is the same way.
43:36Excessive self-doubt digs its own grave.
43:42If a talented person is eliminated due to self-doubt,
43:46the organization will collapse.
43:49It is also the leader's job to use his subordinates well.
43:53This is the lesson to be learned from the defeat of Minamoto Yoritomo.
44:03Now that I know all the history,
44:06I think it's natural to think about the good and bad in the samurai system.
44:12But Yoritomo was the first to create this system.
44:17I think it's amazing.
44:22History is not always based on current values and common sense.
44:27It's not always like that in the past.
44:30You might think it's natural to think in this way,
44:34but Yoritomo or Enohiromoto came up with this system.
44:39It's a very simple principle,
44:42but the samurai system continues for a long time.
44:46It's really interesting.
44:49Thank you for your time, Mr. Saito.
44:54The lesson from the defeat of Minamoto Yoritomo.
44:57See you next time.