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Transcript
00:00:00Now, carefully arranging your used towels isn't the best thing to do in a hotel.
00:00:05You're just not helping.
00:00:07The general rule is, dump them somewhere like the bathroom floor or in the bathtub.
00:00:12Then the staff can see that they need to change the towels.
00:00:16If you keep them all nice and folded, the staff may just get it wrong and leave them
00:00:20as they are, thinking that they're still fresh.
00:00:23You're on a low-budget trip and you brought along some appliances so you can cook right
00:00:28there in the hotel.
00:00:30Not a big deal.
00:00:31But if there's only one outlet and you want to boil some eggs in your electric kettle,
00:00:36maybe don't.
00:00:37First, you never know what capacity the outlet has.
00:00:40It might even set off the hotel's fire alarm.
00:00:43Just stick to sandwiches or something.
00:00:45Of course, you can boil water for some ramen noodles, but if you feel like a slice of fresh,
00:00:50crusty toast, never try to make it with an iron.
00:00:54Sounds crazy, but some people have even tried heating up their frozen pizza with a hairdryer.
00:00:59What happened?
00:01:00They ended up having to go look for another hotel and an actual restaurant.
00:01:06Always look for hotels that include breakfast.
00:01:09It's usually way more expensive to have breakfast at a nearby restaurant, plus you most likely
00:01:14wouldn't know where to go.
00:01:16Much better to hit the hotel's breakfast buffet – coffee, cheese, ham, toast, fruit.
00:01:21If you play your cards right, you'd be too full for lunch!
00:01:25Sometimes your hotel room's way bigger than you expected.
00:01:28If there are two beds, but you're traveling alone, maybe don't use both of them.
00:01:33That'll just add a bunch of unnecessary work for the hotel staff.
00:01:38Even though room service includes cleaning, it's polite to do some basic tidying up
00:01:43yourself before you leave.
00:01:45Pick up any paper lying around, wipe up that coffee you spilled on the floor.
00:01:50Don't make the bed though – the staff's gonna replace the sheets no matter what.
00:01:54Plus, if you make the bed right after you get up, you're just actually creating a
00:01:58lovely dark environment for tiny dust mites.
00:02:01Yeah, bugs might be a real issue.
00:02:04Even the best hotels with the best staff can be powerless against those little guys.
00:02:10Put your luggage in the bathtub first – it's the cleanest place in the room.
00:02:14Then check the place over for bugs.
00:02:16If you don't see any, start unpacking.
00:02:20So no bugs, but what about mold?
00:02:23The most common way for mold to get into a hotel room is if you chuck your wet towel
00:02:27on the bed and go out for the day.
00:02:30You might get back to an interesting-smelling room.
00:02:34If you're going to be traveling a lot and plan on using the same hotel chain more than
00:02:39once, don't try to trick the hotel into thinking you never drank that soda from the
00:02:43minibar.
00:02:44Yeah, a can of soda might cost you double what you'd pay at the gas station, but you
00:02:48don't want to get put on the hotel's naughty list.
00:02:53This one sounds hilarious, but still, no one should ever be boiling their socks – or
00:02:58any other item of clothing – in the kettle that comes in the hotel room.
00:03:02Some hotel managers claim to have seen it happen.
00:03:05Just send your clothes off to the hotel's cleaning service people.
00:03:10If you love sleeping on a thick pillow, ask the front desk for an extra one.
00:03:15Don't even think about moving that cushion from the couch.
00:03:17Chances are, it's never really been washed.
00:03:21Saying thank you is always polite, but a nice tip would go down even better.
00:03:26It's not that polite to leave your room service tip on the last day of your stay.
00:03:31Different people might've been cleaning your room, so only tipping the last one is
00:03:34kind of unfair.
00:03:36If you decide to leave your tip on the very last day, leave a note along with it to make
00:03:41sure they share it with their co-workers.
00:03:45You can also tip the parking valets when you drop off and pick up your car.
00:03:49And in general, don't be shy – you can tip a door person, a porter – those small
00:03:54tips can add up, and they'll be really grateful for any extra cash.
00:04:00Taking reusable items from your hotel room as a souvenir is a big no-no, though it's
00:04:05okay to grab those shampoos, conditioners, lotions, soap combs, sewing kits – that
00:04:11stuff can save you an emergency.
00:04:13Leave those towels, glasses, and dishes behind for the next guest.
00:04:18If your room has the bathrobe of your dreams, you can always go to the front desk and ask
00:04:23if you can buy one.
00:04:24If you try to take one with you without asking for permission, chances are your credit card
00:04:29is going to be charged for it later.
00:04:32By the way, don't dry hotel towels out on the balcony.
00:04:36If you end up saying goodbye to one of them just because the wind took it away, or was
00:04:40it some shady neighbor, you'll be the one who's going to pay for it.
00:04:44They're just plain white towels, but they can be pretty pricey.
00:04:48Don't be too shy to call down to the front desk and ask for a late check-out.
00:04:53It's probably not a big deal for the hotel, but it might make all the difference to you.
00:04:59Hotels know you might be more likely to choose them again or leave a nice tip if they give
00:05:04you a few extra hours in your room.
00:05:06If they say no, well, at least you tried.
00:05:11One thing you can do to help the staff out when you leave is to air out your room.
00:05:16That small step is one of the most time-consuming things they have to do, and they have to clean
00:05:21the rooms really fast.
00:05:23Just leave the windows open to freshen the room up a bit.
00:05:26If it's really hot outside, you can even leave the air conditioning on.
00:05:30Just don't do both at the same time.
00:05:33Leave the TV remote on the desk, any cutlery on the table, and all the chairs back in their
00:05:39places.
00:05:40It'll save housekeeping a lot of time – they're already in a huge rush.
00:05:44Imagine cleaning hundreds of rooms every single day!
00:05:48Accidents can happen anywhere, and it's okay if you accidentally drop a glass and
00:05:53it breaks.
00:05:54Don't try to get away with it – give the front desk a call.
00:05:57They probably won't even charge you for such a minor accident.
00:06:01Plus, management might think the housekeeping staff broke it, and they might make them pay
00:06:05for a replacement.
00:06:07Never turn down a chance to join your hotel's reward program.
00:06:11It's usually free, and you can get it after your first day.
00:06:15If you travel a lot, try to choose those big chain hotels that give you bonuses every time
00:06:20you book.
00:06:21You could get bumped up to a suite, get better Wi-Fi, a free gym pass, or even a free night.
00:06:28Beware of steamy showers.
00:06:30If you accidentally release all that water vapor into your room at the same time, you
00:06:35might trigger the hotel's fire alarm.
00:06:37They keep those things extra sensitive just to be on the safe side.
00:06:41So make sure you keep the door shut next time you steam up the place.
00:06:46If you're traveling with a pet, let the hotel know about it beforehand.
00:06:50Pet policies can differ from one hotel to another.
00:06:54And if you have a more unusual pet, better double-double-check.
00:06:58It might be a pet-friendly hotel, but you probably can't show up with your pet peacock.
00:07:03If they say no, they'll usually be able to tell you about another hotel nearby.
00:07:09Trying to hide your little furry friend isn't the best idea.
00:07:13Dogs can be super noisy.
00:07:14So can cats.
00:07:16So can peacocks.
00:07:17You're going to be looking at a hefty fine if they catch you.
00:07:21Booking etiquette is a bit different now than it used to be.
00:07:24You used to have to confirm your stay at some hotels by writing them a letter.
00:07:28Nowadays, just make sure you have all your booking info handy on your phone.
00:07:33That'll make the front desk people pretty happy.
00:07:35If it's a big hotel, they might have hundreds of people checking in in the span of a few
00:07:40hours.
00:07:41The front desk staff are usually super busy managing guests, deliveries, events, emergencies,
00:07:47a random peacock running through the lobby, and so forth.
00:07:50Just a nugget of advice, don't disturb them for every minor question you might have.
00:07:56Check out that booklet that's normally hanging out on the bedside table.
00:07:59The answer is most likely in there.
00:08:02Enjoy your stay!
00:08:07Most airports are equipped with giant kitchens where the food for passengers is prepared
00:08:11for different airlines at once.
00:08:14Since those oh-so-delightful airplane meals must be cooked about six to ten hours prior
00:08:19to the flight, the kitchens have to work 24-7.
00:08:22Besides, the menu for your flight is developed up to a year in advance.
00:08:28This is a common practice for most airlines, because every single ingredient matters and
00:08:33adds to expenses.
00:08:35In fact, American Airlines managed to save $40,000 per year in 1987 after they removed
00:08:41just one olive from every salad they served on their flights.
00:08:47If you have a long layover between flights, going to the nearest hotel to rest might not
00:08:52be the cheapest option.
00:08:53There's a much better trick.
00:08:55Check if the airport or airline sells 24-hour access to the VIP lounge zone.
00:09:01In most cases, you can have free snacks and drinks there, and use free shower cabins and
00:09:07rooms for rest at a very affordable price.
00:09:11There's an actual term for the first 60 minutes after you check in – the golden hour.
00:09:16It's the time that passengers statistically spend more money in retail and duty-free areas
00:09:21of the airport.
00:09:23And having the most comfortable seats in those areas right in front of the shops is a clever
00:09:28trick to lure you in for shopping.
00:09:30Sitting in a comfy chair while looking at a flashy sign or shopping window can be tempting.
00:09:37If you ever wanted to know what happens to your baggage while you're on board a plane,
00:09:42the short answer is that airport staff don't know once it leaves their territory.
00:09:47And they probably don't really care.
00:09:49Sorry.
00:09:50Baggage is sorted automatically.
00:09:52Scanners scan the barcode and sort the baggage according to its destination.
00:09:57The three main tasks of airport baggage handlers are to move your bags from the check-in area
00:10:01to the gate, to move them from one gate to another when you have a connection, and to
00:10:07move your bags from the plane to the baggage claim area.
00:10:12And that's it.
00:10:13So, if your baggage doesn't move fast enough, it can be late for your connecting flight.
00:10:18Or the exact opposite.
00:10:20Your bag gets to your destination before you do because you're stuck at passport control.
00:10:25Another problem can arise if you forget to tear off any old stickers showing a different
00:10:30destination.
00:10:31In this case, the scanner might send your baggage to the wrong country.
00:10:37You arrive at the airport, already anticipating a couple weeks away from work and all your
00:10:42daily troubles.
00:10:43Park your car in the lot and then find out that it's going to cost you a small fortune
00:10:48to leave your car there.
00:10:49Why so much?
00:10:51In fact, airport parking lots are a business just like any other.
00:10:55The land on which they're built, the construction of the lot itself, the maintenance of the
00:11:00whole thing once it's already in operation, all that costs a handsome amount of money.
00:11:06And somebody's got to pay for it, of course.
00:11:08In addition, parking right next to an airport is simply convenient, which adds to the final
00:11:13cost.
00:11:15If you're not ready to dip into your pocket for a piece of extra comfort, better take
00:11:19a cab.
00:11:21Contrails, those white trails airplanes often leave behind them at high altitudes, are easily
00:11:26mistaken for engine exhaust.
00:11:29But most are nothing more than water vapor.
00:11:32During a flight, moisture in the air collects in the engines before being vented with the
00:11:36exhaust.
00:11:38The hot, wet air leaving the engines mixes with the cool, dry air found at high altitudes,
00:11:44resulting in long, thin lines of vapor.
00:11:47Humidity determines when contrails form and how long they remain visible.
00:11:52If it's already humid up there, then there's more water and the contrail is more prominent.
00:11:57And if it's cold, the droplets might turn into ice, staying behind for a much longer
00:12:02time.
00:12:04If someone were able to open the door mid-flight, they would be immediately pulled out of the
00:12:09plane by a sudden change in air pressure.
00:12:11It could also do serious harm to the aircraft.
00:12:15Fortunately, that's almost impossible.
00:12:18The doors on an airliner open inward while the cabin pressure pushes them out from the
00:12:22inside.
00:12:24The difference between internal and external pressure makes it impossible for the door
00:12:29to open.
00:12:31It might seem odd that the flight crew cares whether your window shades are up or down.
00:12:36The main reason is so that the passengers' eyes can adjust to the outside light.
00:12:41Mostly, it's just a matter of getting people on and off quickly.
00:12:45But in an emergency, the last thing they want is people stopping to blink before they evacuate
00:12:50the plane.
00:12:52Another reason for all the shades to stay up when the airplane is about to take off
00:12:55or land is for the ground crew to see if there's any trouble on board.
00:13:01For example, if there's a fire in the cabin, the ground crew will immediately notice it
00:13:06and act accordingly.
00:13:07If the shades are down, they might lose precious time they would need to rescue the passengers
00:13:12and the airplane crew.
00:13:14Ever notice the numbers on the end of the runway?
00:13:17They're actually used to show the pilot which direction the plane is facing.
00:13:21For example, the number 36 is short for a heading of 360 degrees or due north.
00:13:29Along with numbers, the letters R and L indicate if the nearest runway is to the right or left.
00:13:37Every commercial airplane you've been on has only one wing.
00:13:41That's right, the left and right wings are actually two parts of a single wing.
00:13:47The first airplanes were called biplanes because they had two wings, one on the top and the
00:13:53other going through the bottom of the fuselage.
00:13:55They were connected with struts and wires, which made a kind of box that basically allowed
00:14:00the aircraft not to fall apart in the air.
00:14:03It was necessary at lower speeds that early planes could only muster, but as the engines
00:14:09increased in power, the second wing became redundant.
00:14:13The single wing still serves as a support for the whole structure though.
00:14:18Looking out the window on the plane's wing, you can see a small yellow double hook on
00:14:23it.
00:14:24It seems strange since it might mess with aerodynamics, but it's there for your safety.
00:14:29In case of an emergency landing, these hooks are used to secure ropes that help passengers
00:14:34exit the plane via the wings.
00:14:36If they're slippery, the rope will help you keep your footing and not fall over while
00:14:40going down.
00:14:42There are several extremely fast streams of air high up in the atmosphere of our planet.
00:14:48Their paths are meandering, but they have a more or less constant flow, allowing passenger
00:14:53aircraft to use them.
00:14:55When an airplane comes close to a jet stream, it may adjust to the direction of its current
00:14:59and fly a lot faster, propelled by the flow.
00:15:03Many airlines use this to their advantage to cut the fuel costs and make air traveling
00:15:08even faster.
00:15:10Clouds, especially thunderheads, can indicate that an area of turbulence is ahead.
00:15:16But sometimes, clear air turbulence occurs when a plane can drop a few feet and start
00:15:20shaking without any warning.
00:15:23It happens when two bodies of air clash at very high speeds.
00:15:27And it's absolutely invisible, so the pilots can't tell when it would happen.
00:15:32The chances of getting into an area of clear air turbulence are higher at low altitudes,
00:15:38over mountain ranges, and near the jet streams.
00:15:41Normally, after it's hit by lightning, an airplane is sent for inspection right after
00:15:47landing, but it can still safely complete its current flight.
00:15:50The fuselage conducts electricity well enough, and like with a lightning rod, the zap will
00:15:55most probably strike one of the tips of the airplane, either one of the wings or the nose.
00:16:01Then it seeks the ground, but doesn't find it, exiting from the tail in the end.
00:16:06It's easier for electricity to roll through the surface of the plane than go inside, so
00:16:10people on board are safe from its effects.
00:16:13Still, lightning is powerful, and there can be some damage done to the airplane on the
00:16:18outside.
00:16:20Are the letters SSSS on your boarding pass a reason to worry?
00:16:25What's much more dangerous than turbulence?
00:16:28Should you really be the first to board the plane?
00:16:31You're about to figure it out.
00:16:36You might have noticed that most planes have blue seats.
00:16:39There's no mystery here.
00:16:41Airlines opt for this color because it's considered to have a calming effect.
00:16:46This color supposedly puts passengers at ease and helps even the most nervous flyers
00:16:50to relax.
00:16:52But there's also another, more practical reason.
00:16:55Stains, dirt, and scrapes are less visible on dark blue fabric.
00:17:02Never throw your boarding pass away in a public place.
00:17:05It contains tons of your sensitive information, including your name and frequent flyer number.
00:17:11This in turn may allow someone else to check your future bookings, change your seat, or
00:17:16even cancel your flights.
00:17:19So the best way to deal with a boarding pass for a flight you've already boarded is to
00:17:23take it home and feed it through a paper shredder.
00:17:27By the way, if you ever see the letters SSSS or S on your boarding pass, get ready for
00:17:33additional security checks.
00:17:36Instead of these letters, there may be a checkerboard pattern.
00:17:39Anyway, if you have any of these marks, your carry-on luggage can also undergo a thorough
00:17:44inspection.
00:17:46Why might they choose you for secondary screening?
00:17:49Some of the criteria are making a one-way reservation or paying cash for your ticket.
00:17:54In some cases, the selection is absolutely random.
00:17:58Look, your gate is open and the boarding has started.
00:18:02Wait, where are you running?
00:18:04There's no need to hurry.
00:18:06The trick experienced Globetrotters use is always board last.
00:18:10For one thing, you don't have to waste time standing in line.
00:18:14In addition, there are fewer people on the jetway and in the aisle, and you spend less
00:18:18time on the plane.
00:18:19No one is going to take your seat anyway.
00:18:23There's one exception though.
00:18:24If you have a bulky carry-on bag, it may make more sense not to board last.
00:18:28Otherwise, the chances are high that all the overhead bin space will be occupied by the
00:18:33time you reach your seat.
00:18:35And then your bag may end up in another part of the plane, and you'll have to wait till
00:18:39the other passengers disembark before you get to your luggage.
00:18:43Duh!
00:18:45Before takeoff and landing, flight attendants usually flip a small switch on the bathroom
00:18:49door.
00:18:50This prevents it from flying open when it's not supposed to.
00:18:53With the same ease, a flight attendant can open the door when someone is inside.
00:18:58Look, they only need to lift the lavatory sign and move the knob into the unlocked position.
00:19:05Pilots don't worry about turbulence.
00:19:07That's because they know that there is a thing way more dangerous than any turbulence.
00:19:12It's an updraft.
00:19:13In most cases, turbulence only drops you a couple of feet down, even though it might
00:19:18feel as if you're falling from the top of the Empire State Building.
00:19:22If the turbulence is strong enough for the pilots to ask flight attendants to sit down,
00:19:27the plane can go 10 to 20 feet down.
00:19:29The most extreme white-knuckle turbulence is super rare.
00:19:34An updraft is a big air mass, part of a storm or some other weather phenomenon, moving upwards.
00:19:41Pilots don't see updrafts on their radars at night, and when a plane hits one, it feels
00:19:46like driving over a huge speed bump at 500 miles per hour.
00:19:50An updraft is also extremely treacherous because it can push an aircraft upward to dangerous
00:19:56altitudes.
00:20:00Modern planes have a special system that detects other aircraft, mountains, and different solid
00:20:05objects in their path.
00:20:08Ten miles away from another plane, and a voice in the cockpit starts chanting,
00:20:12Traffic! Traffic!
00:20:14Five miles closer, and the same voice begins to give pilots the directions.
00:20:20Airplanes can operate with one engine, even during takeoff and landing.
00:20:24Both engines failing simultaneously is almost unheard of, but even then, a plane wouldn't
00:20:30drop from the sky like a rock.
00:20:33Pilots would have up to 20 minutes to find a suitable place to land.
00:20:38The way the cabin is pressurized has a great effect on your taste buds.
00:20:42You lose up to 30% of your ability to taste sweet and salty things.
00:20:47In other words, it's not that airplane food isn't tasty, you just don't feel its flavor.
00:20:52That's also the main reason why airline catering companies add extra salt and spices to the
00:20:57dishes they cook.
00:21:00But you know what may help you?
00:21:02Noise-canceling earphones.
00:21:04For some reason, that probably has a scientific explanation.
00:21:07Cutting off all that noise around can help your taste buds.
00:21:12Each of those dings you hear during the flight has its own meaning.
00:21:16In most airlines, a boing soon after takeoff indicates that the landing gear is getting
00:21:21retracted.
00:21:22Three dings in a row means more urgency than just one.
00:21:26A high-low ringtone informs crew members that their colleague needs them in another
00:21:30part of the plane.
00:21:32Three low chimes means some serious turbulence ahead.
00:21:36Crew members are supposed to put away meal carts, take their seats, and fasten their
00:21:41seatbelts.
00:21:43If you're a nervous flyer, pick a seat in the middle of the cabin.
00:21:47Turbulence mostly affects the front and rear parts of the cabin.
00:21:50The middle section, which is over the wings, doesn't shake so much.
00:21:56Pilots and co-pilots eat different meals.
00:21:59The reason for this precaution is very simple.
00:22:02Imagine both pilots having the same dish and getting food poisoning.
00:22:06In this case, neither of them will be able to control the plane.
00:22:10If they still want to have the same dish and won't agree to have anything else, there's
00:22:14a safety net.
00:22:16Pilots don't have their meals at the same time.
00:22:19If one pilot ate the dish and still feels OK several hours later, the other pilot can
00:22:23abrave their meal as well.
00:22:26What would you say when asked about the filthiest place on a plane?
00:22:30Nope, that's not the toilet seat.
00:22:33It's not even in the bathroom.
00:22:35Flight attendants warn that you should be particularly careful with headrests, seat
00:22:39pockets, tray tables, and seatbelts.
00:22:43Experiments have shown that one-third of all seatbelts have yeast and mold on them.
00:22:48Most tray tables are covered with bacteria.
00:22:52Seat pockets are extremely filthy too, but headrests are the dirtiest of them all.
00:22:57In most cases, flight attendants don't have enough time to change or disinfect them in
00:23:02between flights.
00:23:07If your captain announces they're finishing some paperwork, it means they're busy revising
00:23:11the flight itinerary or waiting for the ground staff to prepare the flight logbook.
00:23:16That's a journal that contains the official record of a journey.
00:23:21Some places, especially those flying long distances, have secret bedrooms for crew members
00:23:25to catch some shut-eye.
00:23:28These bedrooms, called crew rest compartments, are located either at the back of the plane
00:23:33or behind the cockpit.
00:23:35Such a compartment can have up to 10 comfortable beds where flight attendants can have a rest.
00:23:41Plane windows are made of super-strong plexiglass that can easily cope with high speeds.
00:23:47The window panes are shaped in a special way so that the high pressure inside the cabin
00:23:51pushes them against the aircraft body.
00:23:54In other words, plane windows are very unlikely to get broken.
00:24:00Once upon a time, plane windows were square, but the pressure built up in the corners of
00:24:05such windows, making them ultimate weak spots.
00:24:09This means that each square window had four weak spots.
00:24:13This made them likely to crash under the enormous stress of high altitudes.
00:24:17Luckily, making airplane windows curved solved this problem once and forever.
00:24:23Such a shape distributes the pressure and reduces the likelihood of cracks or any other
00:24:27damage.
00:24:29Planes regularly get struck by lightning, at least once a year or once per 1,000 hours
00:24:34of flight time.
00:24:36These days, it's totally safe.
00:24:38The electric charge simply runs through the aircraft's aluminum shell.
00:24:42It doesn't cause the plane any damage.
00:24:46But did you know that airplanes not only get hit by lightning, but they also trigger it?
00:24:52When an aircraft is flying through a cloud, the friction between its fuselage and the
00:24:57air creates static electricity.
00:25:00Sometimes it can cause lightning.
00:25:04Many airports have carpets at their gate areas.
00:25:07This nicety usually comes with a few other perks.
00:25:10Lower ceilings, comfortable seats, and pleasant natural lighting.
00:25:14All this costs more for airports.
00:25:16And carpets are not so easy to clean as hard floors are.
00:25:20But they create a cozy feeling for passengers waiting for their flight, making them more
00:25:24relaxed.
00:25:25Still, it isn't a gesture of goodwill on the part of airports.
00:25:29According to social research, calm passengers are about 7 to 10 percent more likely to go
00:25:34window shopping and actually buy something in the lounge area or duty-free zone.
00:25:39So, by investing in the passengers' comfort, airports actually increase their own income.
00:25:45If you ever wanted to know what happened to your baggage while you're on board a plane,
00:25:49the short answer is that airport staff don't actually know once it leaves their territory.
00:25:54And they probably really don't care.
00:25:56Sorry.
00:25:57Baggage is sorted automatically.
00:25:59Scanners scan the barcode and sort the baggage according to its destination.
00:26:03The three main tasks of airport baggage handlers are to move your bags from the check-in area
00:26:08to the gate, to move them from one gate to another when you have a connection, and to
00:26:12move your bags from the plane to the baggage claim area.
00:26:16And that's it.
00:26:17So, if your luggage doesn't move fast enough, it can be late for your connecting flight.
00:26:21Or the exact opposite.
00:26:23Your bag gets to your destination before you do because you're stuck at passport control.
00:26:28Another problem can arise if you forget to tear off any old stickers showing a different
00:26:32destination.
00:26:33In this case, the scanner might send your luggage to the wrong country.
00:26:38Most airports are equipped with giant kitchens where the food for passengers is prepared.
00:26:43These kitchens usually cook food for different airlines at once.
00:26:46And since that oh-so-delightful airplane food must be cooked for about 6-10 hours in advance,
00:26:51these kitchens have to work 24-7.
00:26:55And however surprising it might sound, the menu for your flight is developed up to a
00:26:59year in advance.
00:27:01This is a common practice for most airlines because every single ingredient matters and
00:27:05adds to expenses.
00:27:07In fact, one airline managed to save $40,000 after they removed just one olive from every
00:27:13salad they served on their flights.
00:27:16Airport staff sometimes ask passengers to rub their hands on a piece of cloth before
00:27:20putting it into a special machine.
00:27:23It might seem kind of scary, but it's actually harmless.
00:27:26You're simply being checked by a machine called an atomizer.
00:27:30Before their working day starts, employees put samples of dangerous chemicals into the
00:27:35machine.
00:27:36The machine memorizes these smells, and in case a person's hand smells like those chemicals,
00:27:41it alerts airport staff to this danger.
00:27:44You know how it sometimes goes.
00:27:46You come to the security checkpoint, and suddenly it turns out you have something prohibited
00:27:50to take on board in your carry-on.
00:27:53But don't worry.
00:27:54All the things seized during the pre-flight inspection can be stored at the airport for
00:27:57as long as three months.
00:28:00On top of that, you have an opportunity to mail them any address inside the country.
00:28:04Things taken away by security and weren't claimed can also get sold at special auctions
00:28:09and are delivered worldwide.
00:28:12If you have a long layover between flights, going to the nearest hotel to rest might not
00:28:16be the cheapest option.
00:28:18There's a much better trick.
00:28:20Check if the airport or airline sells 24-hour access to the VIP lounge zone.
00:28:25In most cases, you can have free snacks and drinks there, and use free shower cabins and
00:28:30rooms for rest at a very affordable price.
00:28:33In multi-terminal airports, search for underground passageways connecting terminals that most
00:28:38people might not know about.
00:28:40For example, at Frankfurt Airport in Germany, there's a walking tunnel between Terminal
00:28:451 and Terminal 2 that's mostly used by employees since passengers are simply unaware of its
00:28:51existence.
00:28:53Here's an actual term for the first 60 minutes after you clear check-in.
00:28:57The golden hour.
00:28:59It's the time that passengers statistically spend more money in retail and duty-free areas
00:29:03of the airport.
00:29:05And having the most comfortable seats in those areas right in front of the shops is a clever
00:29:09trick to lure you in for shopping.
00:29:12Let's admit, sitting in front of a comfy chair while looking at a flashy sign or shopping
00:29:16window can be tempting, and that's exactly what the airports want you to feel.
00:29:21If your flight is overbooked and you can't fly at the designated time, don't hurry to
00:29:26accept the first voucher you're offered as an apology.
00:29:29Normally, airlines keep raising the stakes until they have enough volunteers to give
00:29:33up their flight seats.
00:29:35And if they don't and you've been bumped in voluntarily, you can insist on a cash refund
00:29:39instead.
00:29:40Depending on your ticket price and the time of your delay, you might be entitled to as
00:29:44much as $1,300.
00:29:48Most airports have specific experts called profilers.
00:29:52These people practice what's called SPOT, or the Screening Passengers by Observation
00:29:58technique.
00:29:59They carefully analyze facial expressions, gestures, and behavior in order to detect
00:30:04suspicious people.
00:30:06Their job is to notice the non-verbal signs of anxiety, such as people licking their lips,
00:30:11itching, or looking around a lot.
00:30:13If a profiler notices a person acting in a weird or off way, they can invite them for
00:30:19an inspection, where they can talk to a person to find out more about them.
00:30:24Profilers work in both the main halls and in passport control.
00:30:27The typical question they ask is, what's the purpose of your visit?
00:30:31Then they check the person's reaction to this inquiry.
00:30:34No matter how reserved a passenger is, if they have something to hide, TSA officers
00:30:38will find out, thanks to the tiniest cues in people's behavior.
00:30:43Before your luggage even gets on the plane, it goes through 5 security levels, and one
00:30:48of them, besides scanning the contents, includes being checked by a special dog that can sniff
00:30:53out dangerous chemicals.
00:30:55It's a well-known fact that a dog's nose is much stronger than that of any human.
00:31:00In fact, dogs distinguish smells from 10,000 to 100,000 times better than people do.
00:31:06No wonder airports take advantage of this super sense for security and regularly use
00:31:11these sniffer dogs to detect suspicious substances.
00:31:15What's really cool is that you can't even distinguish a detection dog from its civilian
00:31:19siblings.
00:31:20Unlike police dogs, the ones working at airports aren't trained to frighten or intimidate people.
00:31:26The most popular sniffer breeds are golden retrievers, labs and German short-haired pointers.
00:31:32Charging your phone at a specifically designated spot can look convenient, but it's not really
00:31:37safe.
00:31:38If the charging station only allows you to plug in your cord, you might get malware installed
00:31:42on your phone with you, none the wiser.
00:31:45The only safe way to charge your phone or tablet is to find an electric socket and use
00:31:49it with your own charger.
00:31:51Same goes for free airport Wi-Fi.
00:31:54Apart from the airports requiring you to authenticate yourself more often than not, someone can
00:31:59easily access your data while you're using an unprotected Wi-Fi hotspot.
00:32:03It's safer to use your mobile data, but if you absolutely have to use the airport's Wi-Fi,
00:32:09best clear or encrypt all your important data on your device.
00:32:13It might be exasperating to take your laptop out of your carry-on at the security check
00:32:17every single time, but the airport staff need to have a clear look at your device to make
00:32:22sure nothing is concealed inside.
00:32:25On the screen of an x-ray scanner, a laptop looks like a semi-transparent object with
00:32:30a clearly visible hard drive, CD drive, and whatnot.
00:32:33But security officers can't see what's behind some of those parts, for example, a dense
00:32:38and rather large battery.
00:32:40People tend to choose the closest security line to them.
00:32:43If that line turns out to be super crowded, just look around after ID and ticket check.
00:32:49You may see another checkpoint with much fewer people.
00:32:53Some checkpoints at the airport are situated at the far edges of the terminal, and that's
00:32:57why passengers fail to notice them.
00:32:59Applying for a TSA pre-check can be a great time-saver for traveling in and out of the
00:33:04U.S.
00:33:05Being a member of this program has some great perks.
00:33:08First, getting through security and passport control happens faster.
00:33:13If you're a pre-check traveler, you won't have to take off your shoes or remove your
00:33:16belt.
00:33:17And forget about placing your stuff like liquids and laptops in special bins.
00:33:21If you aren't flying to or from the U.S., then you can look up similar services available
00:33:27in your country.
00:33:30If you're flying economy class but don't like it, who does?
00:33:33Check in online and check out the seating options about four days before your flight.
00:33:38It's about that time that airlines typically start upgrading seats, and you might get an
00:33:42upgrade to business class for a small fee or even sometimes for free.
00:33:47You can also ask for an upgrade when you're already at the airport.
00:33:50Most people forget about this opportunity or simply don't care.
00:33:53So you might just get lucky.
00:33:57When it's too cold outside, airplanes often get delayed, or in extreme cases, even canceled
00:34:02altogether.
00:34:04First of all, if it snows heavily, such conditions drastically decrease visibility, making it
00:34:10unsafe to taxi and take off.
00:34:13During a blizzard, flight control may command the aircraft to stay on the ground and wait
00:34:17until the snowstorm subsides.
00:34:20Ice on the runway is another reason.
00:34:22An airplane's landing gear are nothing like a car's wheels, and they can't be equipped
00:34:27with studs to avoid skidding.
00:34:29But even if they were, a plane needs to develop speeds on the ground that are much higher
00:34:33than on an average road to take off successfully.
00:34:37If the runway is slippery with ice, the airplane can slide off it easily.
00:34:43Things like this actually happened in the past.
00:34:45For example, in January 2014, the JFK Airport in New York was shut down after a plane skidded
00:34:52off the runway and into the snow.
00:34:54Luckily, no one was injured, but the airport staff had to dig the aircraft out of the snow,
00:35:00and even the local police joined the efforts.
00:35:03Same story with landing, which is even trickier in freezing conditions because a plane is
00:35:08in much less of a controlled environment and traveling at even greater speeds.
00:35:13What's more, while an airplane that's about to take off and skidding will probably get
00:35:17into an open area and stop there, one that's about to land could end up crashing into the
00:35:22airport's infrastructure.
00:35:24Needless to say, that's way more dangerous for everyone.
00:35:28Freezing weather conditions can also cause frost and ice sheets to build up on the plane
00:35:33itself.
00:35:34Airplanes are carefully engineered and any tampering with their structure may cause huge
00:35:39trouble.
00:35:40As experienced pilots say, even a thin crust of ice over the wings of a plane can mess
00:35:44with their delicate design and destroy lift.
00:35:48Planes can be de-iced, though.
00:35:50The airport staff usually spray them with a special solution that doesn't let the ice
00:35:54build up on the aircraft's skin.
00:35:56But back to the runway.
00:35:58If it's covered with ice, there's little you can do.
00:36:01Unless the sun is shining, the chances of safely removing the ice from the pavement
00:36:05are almost zero.
00:36:08There's also a chance of damaging the pavement, making potholes, which can result in safety
00:36:12concerns for both takeoff and landing.
00:36:15Imagine driving over a pothole in a car at full speed.
00:36:19Pretty unpleasant.
00:36:20And now multiply it by about a thousand, because a plane is much heavier than a car, and don't
00:36:25forget that the landing gear is not exactly there for driving.
00:36:30Jet fuel and the equipment that pumps it can freeze too if the temperature is too low.
00:36:35The fuel freezes at negative 40 degrees Fahrenheit, but that can only happen on the ground before
00:36:40takeoff.
00:36:41At a cruising altitude, temperatures may drop as low as negative 70 degrees Fahrenheit,
00:36:47but since the liquid is inside the plane and burning down steadily, it's much warmer there.
00:36:52On the ground, though, nothing stops the fuel from turning into ice.
00:36:56If that happens, no flights are available, obviously.
00:37:00Same goes for the pumping equipment.
00:37:02Even if the fuel is still liquid, the pump may cover with ice and just stop delivering
00:37:07the fuel into the plane's tanks.
00:37:09In the worst-case scenario, it might even break down, leading to expensive repairs and
00:37:14prolonged delays in flights.
00:37:16Finally, ground crews have to do a lot of work before takeoff or landing, and they're
00:37:21all human after all, so they can't bear the freezing cold for too long.
00:37:25This issue is often resolved by tag-teaming.
00:37:29One group of workers goes out in the field to do the job, while the other is waiting
00:37:32for them in a shelter.
00:37:34After 20 minutes or so, the first group returns to warm up, and the second one takes up the
00:37:39job where the first one left it.
00:37:41Although it's efficient, it still slows down the operations a lot, so that might also cause
00:37:46delays.
00:37:48But despite all the trouble freezing weather can cause, it's actually more beneficial for
00:37:53a plane than extreme heat.
00:37:56Cold air is denser than hot, so planes gain more lift and stay truer while in the air.
00:38:02They're more easily controlled in flight, too.
00:38:05Air molecules are slower and closer together, creating a steady flow of air around the wings
00:38:09and cockpit.
00:38:11At high altitudes, the air naturally becomes thinner as the air molecules spread out and
00:38:16become more scarce.
00:38:17That's exactly why planes can't get to the upper layers of the atmosphere.
00:38:21There's just not enough air there to create sufficient lift.
00:38:25The same happens when it's too hot down on the ground, though.
00:38:28Air molecules get faster and spread out, meaning the plane's wings don't have as much air to
00:38:33push off and get into the flight mode.
00:38:36To take off in extreme heat, a plane has to move much faster to generate enough air resistance
00:38:42and lift.
00:38:43But to move faster, the plane needs its engines to work better, and that's also impossible
00:38:48when it's too hot.
00:38:49As the air gets thinner, the amount of oxygen decreases, too.
00:38:54And jet engines use oxygen in the atmosphere for combustion.
00:38:58When they lack this crucial element, they can't convert enough energy into thrust,
00:39:03meaning slower acceleration and worse energy output overall.
00:39:08So the problem is that the plane has to have a longer runway distance to build up enough
00:39:12speed and lift to take off.
00:39:15But it can't, because its engines are not working to the best of their ability.
00:39:20This usually doesn't cause trouble, but only up to a point.
00:39:24When the temperatures on the ground level reaches about 120 degrees Fahrenheit, some
00:39:28flights can get canceled, because it's simply dangerous for them to try and take off.
00:39:34Other planes are more heat-resistant and powerful, but that also depends on the heat.
00:39:40Some aircraft even have to reduce their weight by removing part of their fuel, cargo, or
00:39:45even passengers when it's too hot.
00:39:47Lighter load means better acceleration before takeoff, and it doesn't help to avoid cancellations.
00:39:53But it also means planes aren't working to their full capacity.
00:39:57The average cruising altitude for an airplane is about 35,000 feet.
00:40:02They don't technically need to be so high up, but that altitude gives the best speed
00:40:06and efficiency.
00:40:08Air gets thinner at higher altitudes, which means less wind resistance, but less lift.
00:40:14For most commercial aircraft, the area between 30,000 and 40,000 feet is the sweet spot where
00:40:20the two factors balance out.
00:40:23You probably still aren't using a laptop from 1999, and your computer isn't flying
00:40:28at close to the speed of sound.
00:40:30Fortunately, planes have a much longer lifespan than computers.
00:40:34There are airliners from the early 1970s that are still just fine.
00:40:39They might not be able to keep up in terms of speed and fuel efficiency, but older planes
00:40:44are no less safe than their modern counterparts.
00:40:48Contrails, those white trails airplanes leave behind them at high altitudes, are easily
00:40:53mistaken for engine exhaust, but most are nothing more than water vapor.
00:40:58During a flight, moisture in the air collects in the engines before being vented with the
00:41:03exhaust.
00:41:04The hot, wet air leaving the engines mixes with the cool, dry air found at high altitudes,
00:41:10resulting in long, thin lines of vapor.
00:41:13Humidity determines when contrails form and how long they remain visible.
00:41:19Ever notice the numbers on the end of a runway?
00:41:21They're actually used to show the pilot which direction the plane is facing.
00:41:25For example, the number 36 is short for a heading of 360 degrees or due north.
00:41:33Along with numbers, the letters R and L indicate if the nearest runway is to the right or left.
00:41:40The lights on the tips of a plane's wings are called position lights or navigation lights,
00:41:45and they're used during times of reduced visibility.
00:41:48They help planes to see each other in the dark, and can also tell pilots what direction
00:41:53an aircraft is traveling.
00:41:55The red light marks the tip of the left wing, while the green light is on the right.
00:42:00The third light is white and found on or near the tail.
00:42:04It might seem odd that the flight crew cares whether your window shades are up or down.
00:42:09The main reason is so that the passengers' eyes can adjust to the outside light.
00:42:13Mostly, it's just a matter of getting people on and off quickly.
00:42:17But in an emergency, the last thing they want is people stopping to blink before they evacuate the plane.
00:42:27That little yellow hook you can see from the airplane's window if you're sitting next
00:42:32to the wing is there to help you in case of an emergency landing.
00:42:37Inflatable slides can only be deployed from the emergency exit doors in the front and
00:42:42the tail of the plane.
00:42:43In the middle, the passengers would have to walk right out on the wing and get to the
00:42:47ground from there.
00:42:49But jumping from the plane wing isn't safe because it's just too high.
00:42:54And here's where those little yellow hooks come in handy.
00:42:57The flight attendants tie ropes from the doors and through the loops for the passengers to
00:43:01hold on to.
00:43:02This way, everyone can safely get to the ground without injuries.
00:43:08You want to try to avoid cozying up under airplane blankets.
00:43:12Some airlines only wash them about once a month.
00:43:15Better use your own travel blanket, a scarf, or a jacket.
00:43:19And always remember to wear your shoes while walking around the plane.
00:43:23That carpet on the floor can't and won't be cleaned to perfection between flights.
00:43:27It's just too much time and effort for the cabin crew.
00:43:31The dirtiest place on a plane isn't the bathroom – it's your tray table.
00:43:36It has 8 times more bacteria than an on-board toilet flush button.
00:43:42In case of emergency, oxygen masks only have enough airflow to last for about 15 minutes.
00:43:48Luckily, it's just the amount of time a plane needs to find a suitable landing place
00:43:54or to at least descend to the altitude where people won't need oxygen masks anymore.
00:44:00You may wonder why you're asked to lift your seat back and close your tray table before
00:44:05take-off and landing, but it's for your own safety.
00:44:09A reclined seat is comfy for you, but it makes it harder for the passenger behind you to
00:44:14get out of their seat, which is crucial in case of an emergency.
00:44:18The lower tray table is the same way, only this time it's you who won't be able to
00:44:23stand up fast enough if anything happens.
00:44:26Besides, the tray table prevents you from assuming the secure position in the event
00:44:30of an emergency landing.
00:44:32This position requires you to bend over in your seat, put your head between your knees,
00:44:37and cover the back of your head with your hands.
00:44:40Imagine doing that while your tray table is open!
00:44:44If you look around the cabin, you'll notice little black or red triangles around the midsection
00:44:49of the plane.
00:44:51These stickers let the flight attendants know where the airplane wings are located so they
00:44:55can immediately look out the right window to see if something is amiss outside.
00:45:01You shouldn't lower the window shades while taking off, taxiing, or landing for two reasons.
00:45:07First, the flight attendants must always be able to monitor the situation outside, and
00:45:12open shades help them with that, obviously.
00:45:15Second, if something's gone wrong on board the plane while it's on the ground, for
00:45:20example, a fire, the ground crews won't be able to see it and evaluate the situation
00:45:25before going in unless the windows are open.
00:45:29That tiny hole you see at the bottom of any airplane window isn't there to scare you
00:45:34nuts.
00:45:35In fact, it helps keep the pressure from the inside and the outside of the window equalized.
00:45:40The hole itself is only made in the second layer of glass, and there are three of them
00:45:44overall, which also helps with security, by the way.
00:45:48Even if the outer glass breaks, there will still be two more to keep you safe.
00:45:54You might see flight attendants touching the overhead compartments while they're
00:45:58walking along the aisle, but that's not exactly what they do.
00:46:02Right beneath the compartments, there's usually a handrail that goes all the way through
00:46:06the cabin, so you can also use this trick to stay firmer on your feet in the aisle.
00:46:13The pilots dim the lights in the cabin during nighttime not for you to get cozy and sleepy.
00:46:19Our eyes have a hard time adjusting to darkness in the first few minutes of sudden lights
00:46:23out, and in the case of emergency, every second matters.
00:46:28So the lights get dimmed to let you get used to darkness in case something happens and
00:46:32you have to act fast.
00:46:36Pay attention to the aisle floor too.
00:46:38If there's an emergency landing at night, there will be two luminescent strips along
00:46:43the aisle showing you the way to the exit.
00:46:46Follow them to get safely out of the plane.
00:46:49Flight attendants also suggest counting the seats between you and the emergency exit once
00:46:53you're seated.
00:46:55This will help you navigate in case there's no other guidance available.
00:47:00If a lightning bolt hits the plane, the passengers won't feel it.
00:47:04The entire aircraft is covered with aluminum coating that conducts electrical current and
00:47:09doesn't let it inside.
00:47:10This protection is tested using a lightning simulator.
00:47:15Plane windows are round because the air pressure is evenly distributed this way.
00:47:20If the plane's windows were square, strong air currents would accumulate in the corners
00:47:24of the windows, depressurizing the cabin.
00:47:27And that's bad.
00:47:30Don't think you become untouchable if you go to the airplane toilet.
00:47:34The bathroom door can be opened from the outside.
00:47:38There's usually a small latch at the top of the door that allows cabin crew to get
00:47:42you out of there.
00:47:44It's useful for both getting to people doing something suspicious in the bathroom and helping
00:47:49those who don't feel well and, for example, collapsed while in the toilet.
00:47:53Yeah, let's avoid doing that.
00:47:57The plane's wings flash red and green lights at night to show the direction the plane is
00:48:02heading in.
00:48:03A green light is always on the right wing, and a red one is on the left.
00:48:09Tires are designed to withstand 4-5 times more pressure than they actually experience
00:48:14upon landing.
00:48:16The wheel is more likely to break than the tire.
00:48:20Pilots always have different meals.
00:48:23This is necessary to reduce the risk of food poisoning.
00:48:26The flight can still go well if one of the pilots has gone down because of a stale burrito,
00:48:32but not if it's both of them.
00:48:34And try not to both of you eat the fish.
00:48:39Some airlines don't allow pilots to have beards.
00:48:42Facial hair can prevent securely fitting the oxygen mask, and pilots must always remain
00:48:47conscious.
00:48:50The seats are blue in most aircraft because this color soothes people.
00:48:54It's also easy to keep clean.
00:48:57The rumbling noise you hear after boarding the plane is luggage being loaded on the plane.
00:49:02The compartment is right beneath the cabin, so it can sound quite loud sometimes.
00:49:09On most flights longer than 7 or 8 hours, pilots have access to a specially designed
00:49:14rest seat in or near the cockpit.
00:49:17Flight attendants typically have a section of the cabin reserved for them, and it's
00:49:22sometimes separated from the passenger areas.
00:49:25Some larger aircraft even feature private crew quarters above or below the main cabin.
00:49:32The wings of most passenger aircraft are located at the bottom of the plane.
00:49:36It's called a low wing.
00:49:38Firstly, if you install the engine under low wings, it'll be closer to the ground and
00:49:43easier to repair.
00:49:44Secondly, the wings will take on part of the shock in case of a hard landing.
00:49:49And if the plane falls into the water, then the wings become a life-saving pillow.
00:49:54By the way, a plane can stay afloat for 10 minutes to 60 hours.
00:49:59It all depends on the model of the plane, weather conditions, and pilot skills.
00:50:05Most airplanes are white because this color best reflects the sun rays, and the aircraft
00:50:10body doesn't heat up as much.
00:50:12Also, the damage is best seen on white, and white paint is simply cheaper.
00:50:20Shoulder straps seem more secure than just a waist belt, but not in the case of planes.
00:50:25When the plane gets into turbulence, it's tossed a bit in the air.
00:50:29The waist belt will simply hold you in place in case of a more severe shake.
00:50:34Shoulder straps would require more space between the seats, and this is not justified
00:50:38on a plane.
00:50:40In a car, the impact is usually much stronger, so you need that shoulder strap not to whoosh
00:50:45through the windshield.
00:50:48Flight attendants' seats do have passenger straps, but that's because they are much
00:50:52less comfortable than passenger ones.
00:50:55They're narrower and positioned facing the passengers.
00:50:58Flight attendants need extra protection simply not to fall off their seats if the plane shakes
00:51:03hard enough.
00:51:04Also, they have to help and direct people during potential evacuation, and for that,
00:51:10they need to be in top shape.
00:51:13Maybe you've noticed that you always enter the plane from its left side.
00:51:17Firstly, the captain usually sits on that side.
00:51:21This way, it's easier for the captain to align the plane with the terminal jet bridge.
00:51:25Also, the aircraft is fueled and loaded with the baggage on the right side.
00:51:30If passengers come from the left, the crew can do their job undisturbed.
00:51:40Have you ever noticed that one of the flight attendants hides their hands behind their
00:51:44back when you enter the plane?
00:51:46Are they crossing their fingers for a safe take-off?
00:51:48Nah, at this moment, they're counting the passengers as they board.
00:51:52They have a special little counter for this.
00:51:56There are lots of stories about how bad airplane food is.
00:51:59In fact, it's not that bad – it's your sense of taste that's on the fritz because
00:52:04of the dry air.
00:52:06It dries your mouth out of all its saliva and dulls your sense of smell, which helps
00:52:12to feel 80% of what you taste.
00:52:14So airline companies add more spices into the food so you can feel the taste.
00:52:20Seat belts are located on the stomach because of the turbulence.
00:52:24When that happens, the plane sort of jumps up and down.
00:52:27The waist belt holds you so that you don't crash into the ceiling of the aircraft.
00:52:32The shoulder seat belts in the car protect against horizontal collisions.
00:52:38By the way, flight attendants also have shoulder seat belts.
00:52:41It's because they always sit facing the passengers to keep order.
00:52:47While all passengers are flying face forward, the cabin crew sits backward.
00:52:52If the plane goes forward sharply, passengers get pushed into seats, and the flight attendants
00:52:57are held by shoulder and waist belts.
00:53:00Even if lightning strikes a plane, the passengers won't feel it.
00:53:05The entire aircraft is covered with an aluminum layer that conducts electric current without
00:53:10passing it inside the plane.
00:53:12Good thing.
00:53:13And all electronics and fuel tanks are equipped with additional protection.
00:53:18Before any plane is released from the factory, all this protection is tested by simulating
00:53:23lightning.
00:53:26Many passengers get a headache during the flight, especially right after takeoff.
00:53:30This happens because you're getting up to an altitude higher than Mount Everest in about
00:53:3410 minutes.
00:53:35The air up there is thin.
00:53:37Your brain gets less oxygen.
00:53:39By the way, chewing gum or candies can help.
00:53:44The main reason why the seats on the plane are so uncomfortable is profit.
00:53:49Airlines want to make more money, so they try to fit as many passengers on the plane
00:53:53as possible.
00:53:54Because of this, there's so little space between the seats.
00:53:58Two additional rows in the cabin provide 12 new passengers.
00:54:02Also, companies make airplane seats lighter to spend less fuel.
00:54:06Seats become smaller and less comfortable.
00:54:10You can feel cold inside a plane, but when the plane is flying at high altitudes, the
00:54:14conditions resemble those in the Sahara Desert.
00:54:17It's all because of very low humidity.
00:54:21Every hour of flight, your body loses a lot of liquid.
00:54:24Stay hydrated, but only choose bottled water.
00:54:28Many companies don't show movies because they can make passengers too sad or emotional.
00:54:34Even if a movie doesn't have a dramatic story with incredible characters, it can still be
00:54:38heartbreaking for passengers.
00:54:41The thing is that our body experiences stress, and we take everything close to heart because
00:54:46of the lower oxygen levels.
00:54:49Also, we're sitting in seats at a high altitude and very far from home.
00:54:54Our brain realizes we're out of control of the situation.
00:54:57This feeling of helplessness can throw a person's emotions out of whack.
00:55:02So companies only show positive movies and comedies.
00:55:07Some passengers say they feel like they can't think straight during the flight.
00:55:11This happens because of a lack of oxygen, so your mind isn't in top form.
00:55:16Better not do any important tasks or make any important decisions.
00:55:22Your corneas are the one part of your body that doesn't have a blood supply.
00:55:26The only way they get oxygen is from the air.
00:55:29So worsened eyesight and dry eyes are common problems on airplanes.
00:55:34The best solution here is to take with you eye drops along with gum.
00:55:40That worsened vision is the first reason the crew dims the lights and asks you to open
00:55:45the windows during nighttime takeoffs and landings.
00:55:48Your eyes need to be adjusted to the dimness in case of an emergency.
00:55:53The second reason is the plane crew needs to be able to see out the window.
00:55:59There's a theory that hair grows faster during the flight.
00:56:03Some people notice that little stubble appears on their faces after the flight, even if they
00:56:07shaved a few hours before they got on the plane.
00:56:10Anyway, this theory is not confirmed.
00:56:14Some say the cabin pressure, lower temperature, or even heightened stress levels can accelerate
00:56:19hair growth.
00:56:21If you experience stress and get nervous right after you step on the plane, your best solution
00:56:26can be a little training.
00:56:29Go to the gym or make a set of squats before boarding to prevent stress.
00:56:33Also, a good workout compensates for the hours you spend sitting still.
00:56:40Planes lose and send in the wrong direction several million lost bags a year.
00:56:45Almost half of the lost luggage is lost because of transfer issues.
00:56:49They may not deliver your suitcase just because of lack of time.
00:56:53A plane can fly away before loaders put your luggage there.
00:56:57When this happens, they might carry these bags to another flight.
00:57:01And when your bag goes to the wrong place, it can be taken by other passengers accidentally.
00:57:07If you want to find your lost luggage quickly, take a photo of it in advance and then show
00:57:11it to the airport workers.
00:57:13You can also buy a special GPS tracker and put it in your suitcase.
00:57:17It works for 6 days, and you can use your phone to locate your luggage wherever it is.
00:57:25Airport staff take unclaimed luggage to a special center.
00:57:29If the owner doesn't show up within 3 months, the things inside the bags will be put up
00:57:33for sale in specialized stores.
00:57:36There you can find clothes, jewelry, and electronic devices.
00:57:40And of course, it all comes with a big discount.
00:57:45The rumbling noise you hear after boarding is not my stomach.
00:57:48It is luggage being loaded on the plane.
00:57:51The compartment is right under the cabin of the aircraft, so it sounds quite loud.
00:57:58Aircraft tires can withstand pressure 4-5 times more than a plane actually gives them
00:58:03during landing.
00:58:05The metal wheel is more likely to break than the tire.
00:58:10Pilots also have different meals.
00:58:12This is necessary to reduce the risk of food poisoning.
00:58:16The flight can go well even if one of the pilots feels bad because of a stale burrito.
00:58:21If two pilots ate the same burritos, they could lead to problems.
00:58:27Oxygen masks drop down when the air pressure changes.
00:58:30At a certain height, there can be less air in the cabin.
00:58:33To prevent passengers from feeling this, they should put on oxygen masks.
00:58:38When pilots descend to a safe altitude, you can breathe without the mask again.
00:58:43By the way, masks only have oxygen for 15 minutes.
00:58:46This is enough for the pilots to descend to a safe altitude on which passengers can breathe.
00:58:53The wings of most passenger planes are located at the bottom of the plane.
00:58:58It's built this way because of the engine.
00:59:01It should be installed under low wings because it's closer to the ground and easier to repair.
00:59:07Another reason is that the wings should take a big part of the blow during a bad landing,
00:59:11and if the plane falls into the water, then the wings become a life-saving pillow.
00:59:17Fuel tanks installed in the wings are empty after the flight, and it helps to stay on
00:59:21the water too.
00:59:23The wings of cargo planes are located at the top to make it easy to load the cargo since
00:59:28the hull is located very close to the ground.
00:59:31Also, it helps to avoid getting debris into the engines in case when airfields aren't clean.
00:59:37Plus, this wing location has less aerodynamic resistance during the flight.
00:59:43Little triangles on the aircraft walls are special labels for flight attendants.
00:59:48The triangles mark special windows.
00:59:50You can see flashing indicators through these windows.
00:59:53It signals the landing gear is retracted and the flaps are closed.
00:59:58For ordinary passengers, this is the place with the best view of the wings.
01:00:04Turbulence is a common thing during a flight, but usually it's so insignificant most passengers
01:00:09don't even feel it.
01:00:11Strong turbulence is rare.
01:00:14By the way, turbulence is just hot and cold air affecting a plane.
01:00:18For better understanding, imagine a big balloon people fly on.
01:00:23Remember the flamethrower installed under the ball?
01:00:26It heats up the air and the hot air raises the ball up.
01:00:30So turbulence is the hot air created by nature, and it makes the same thing with a plane that
01:00:35it makes with a balloon.
01:00:37Also, turbulence can occur if the plane gets under the hot air stream left by another plane.
01:00:47Turbulence is caused by sudden shifts in the airflow and is nothing to be afraid of.
01:00:52If that simple knowledge doesn't help you, try this visualization from a pilot.
01:00:57Put a small piece of napkin inside a pot of jelly.
01:01:00The napkin is the plane, and it's surrounded by jelly, or sorry, by air pressure.
01:01:06If you tap the jelly, the napkin will not fall anywhere, it just starts slightly moving
01:01:10within the jelly.
01:01:13Once the plane gets to its cruising altitude, it seems like the engine noise disappears
01:01:17altogether.
01:01:18No worries there, the engine is still working fine.
01:01:21It becomes way quieter than on takeoff because there's less thrust generated at this point.
01:01:27The air gets thinner, and the plane needs less power to maintain its altitude.
01:01:31If the pilots leave the engines at their climb setting, you'd be traveling beyond the speed
01:01:35of sound, and that isn't a part of the plan.
01:01:40That small hole you see on the back of airplane tails is part of the auxiliary power unit.
01:01:45It's there to produce power for an airplane's electrical systems, including lights, navigation
01:01:50controls, heating, and AC.
01:01:53The power unit is activated when a plane is on the runway.
01:01:56It doesn't provide complete power to airplanes.
01:01:59Once the airplane engines are turned on, the unit is disabled.
01:02:02It's only reactivated when the airplane lands at its destination.
01:02:07The turbines are located under the wings, since this makes it cheaper, faster, and easier
01:02:12to service the engines.
01:02:14They used to be placed in the tail, but it required expensive equipment and much more
01:02:18time to repair.
01:02:20When they started installing the engines below the wings, ticket prices went down.
01:02:26When seated in the exit row on most planes, you need to pull the window blind up, not
01:02:31down to close it, unlike in all other seats.
01:02:35It's designed so for safety reasons.
01:02:37The overwing exit is there to help people quickly leave the plane in case of an emergency.
01:02:42Some of those exit window doors stay attached to the plane, others come away from the fuselage,
01:02:47but they all have an emergency handle at the top of the panel.
01:02:51You wouldn't be able to open the exit without it.
01:02:53There's another handle on the outside of the plane.
01:02:56Rescuers use it to open the door from their side.
01:02:59Because of this handle, there's no room for the blind to retract above the window, but
01:03:04there's more than enough room for it below the window.
01:03:07Makes sense to me now.
01:03:10You can actually raise the right armrest when in the aisle seat.
01:03:14The lock is on the underside of the armrest.
01:03:16It's not a button, but a lever close to the back of the seat.
01:03:20You can pull it to let the other passengers pass to their seats.
01:03:23The same tip works for the left armrest of the window seat.
01:03:27You can lift it up to lean on the window.
01:03:29Don't forget to lower the armrest during takeoff and landing, for safety reasons.
01:03:36Planes usually use a small, powerful tug on airport grounds when they need to pull back
01:03:41out of their parking spot, but it doesn't mean they can't move backwards on their own.
01:03:46To do so, they need to use reverse thrust, and the powerful air current from it can pull
01:03:50some debris into the engine or cause damage to ground vehicles, the gate, or the ground
01:03:55crew.
01:03:56It would also use a lot of fuel and be incredibly loud.
01:04:01Plus, the pilots don't have rearview mirrors like drivers, so they can't see behind them.
01:04:06Now you understand why this risky process is banned at airports.
01:04:12They make plane wings smooth to let air flow easily around their surface and reduce resistance
01:04:17during the flight.
01:04:18Those convex, yellow hooks, though, don't they worsen the aerodynamics?
01:04:22True, but they are necessary for your safety.
01:04:27Imagine a plane making an emergency landing in the open sea.
01:04:30The aircraft is sliding on the water.
01:04:32Then, rescue boats arrive to evacuate the passengers.
01:04:36Before the door opens, the escape slide inflates.
01:04:41Passengers need to walk on the wing and move down the slide, but the wing surface is slippery
01:04:46because of water.
01:04:47To prevent anyone from falling, the stewards install a rescue rope.
01:04:52They attach one end to the door and the other to the edge of the wing, passing it through
01:04:56these hooks.
01:04:58During the evacuation, people hold onto this cable like a railing.
01:05:02They can also attach rescue boats to the wing with a rope and these hooks, so the sea won't
01:05:07take people far away from the plane.
01:05:10When flight attendants pass through the cabin during the flight, they always touch the upper
01:05:14shelves above the seats.
01:05:16No, they don't check if the luggage compartments are closed.
01:05:19There are hidden handles along the bottom of these compartments.
01:05:23Flight attendants hold onto them not to fall.
01:05:25It's a pretty convenient thing since they don't have to touch the seats and disturb
01:05:29passengers once they're moving around the cabin.
01:05:32Have you ever noticed the flashing light in the cabin before takeoff?
01:05:36It's 100% safe.
01:05:38It occurs when the pilot disconnects a plane from the airport power supply and switches
01:05:42to the onboard one.
01:05:43This rapid transition may cause flashing.
01:05:47Passengers always board from the left side.
01:05:50That's because the captain sits on that side of the cabin.
01:05:53It's easier for him to align the plane with the terminal jet bridge this way.
01:05:57Also, the aircraft is fueled and loaded with baggage on the right side.
01:06:02With passengers boarding from the left side, the crew can do their job undisturbed.
01:06:08You might have noticed black triangles on the wall above the seats.
01:06:12For you as a passenger, they may indicate the seats that have the best view of the wings
01:06:17where you can take the most beautiful flight photos.
01:06:20But the triangles aren't there for this reason, of course.
01:06:24The crew members monitor the condition of the aircraft through windows under these signs.
01:06:29In case the wings freeze, the engine catches fire, or the pilot receives a signal something's
01:06:33wrong.
01:06:34The crew will quickly move to the triangles and assess the situation.
01:06:39Those mysterious chimes you hear during the flight are a kind of secret language the crew
01:06:43uses to communicate with each other.
01:06:45The chime you hear shortly after takeoff informs the crew that the landing gear is getting
01:06:50retracted.
01:06:51A single chime during the flight is a sign that one of the passengers needs the assistance
01:06:56of the crew.
01:06:57When they're serving meals and run out of food or drinks, they can ask their colleagues
01:07:01to share using a high and low chime combo.
01:07:05Three low tones mean serious turbulence is approaching, so the crew needs to buckle up.
01:07:11A seatbelt on an airplane has a slightly different purpose from that in your car.
01:07:16The one in the vehicle protects you from a horizontal hit.
01:07:20When a plane is going through turbulence, it's shaking up and down.
01:07:23Your waist belt keeps you from hitting the ceiling.
01:07:27The tray table, the seatbelt buckle, and the toilet door handle.
01:07:31Those are some major feeding grounds for bacteria, but the seat pockets aren't any cleaner.
01:07:37Passengers leave their used tissues or wipes in there after cleaning a runny nose or coughing.
01:07:43They also become a residence for other sorts of trash.
01:07:46Even once the trash is out, the bacteria remain in their cozy pocket home.
01:07:50The next passenger becomes their new prospective target.
01:07:56Extreme heat is one of the weather conditions that can stop a plane from flying.
01:08:01Airplanes fly by generating lift with their wings.
01:08:04The air below the wings takes the plane up.
01:08:07In extreme heat, the airplane can't produce that much lift.
01:08:11That's because hot air expands and becomes way less dense than cold air.
01:08:16With less lift, the plane may find it really hard to take off and fly.
01:08:21Electronics will unlikely respond well to extreme heat or humidity, and the A.C. system
01:08:27may fail.
01:08:28Smaller jets can't operate at a temperature of over 118 degrees Fahrenheit.
01:08:34Larger Airbus and Boeing planes perform the best below 126 degrees Fahrenheit.
01:08:42Flying has long become routine for many people.
01:08:44But even frequent flyers sometimes don't know about things you should never do on a plane.
01:08:51With no bare feet on a plane, it's one of the biggest no-no's of air travel.
01:08:56Even if we omit the topic of unpleasant odors, phew!
01:09:00The airplane floor is extremely filthy.
01:09:03People with contagious foot problems might have been walking the aisles barefoot before
01:09:07you.
01:09:08There's likely to be a lot of dirt left after previous passengers.
01:09:12And don't even get me started on the floor in the laboratories, ew!
01:09:16If your feet need some freedom, take off your shoes, but at least wear your socks.
01:09:21Or bring along a pair of light slippers.
01:09:24Keep in mind that the pressurized air in the passenger cabin is just as dry as it is in
01:09:29the Sahara Desert, with only about 20% humidity.
01:09:33That's why your skin may feel discomfort after a flight.
01:09:36But wouldn't it make more sense to install several humidifiers that could add some moisture?
01:09:42But this extra load would cost airlines lots of money.
01:09:45Plus, the plane's airframe is mostly made of aluminum and other metals, and humid air
01:09:50could lead to corrosion.
01:09:51So don't forget to bring a moisturizer and use it during the flight.
01:09:57Always secure your tray table as soon as the plane starts moving on the tarmac.
01:10:01And never lower it during the take-off and landing.
01:10:03It's a security measure, which ensures that you and the other passengers will have a clear
01:10:08pathway in case of an emergency evacuation.
01:10:11Also keep your seat in an upright position during take-off and landing.
01:10:16First of all, a reclined seat can seriously slow down an emergency evacuation since it
01:10:21will block a person sitting behind.
01:10:23What's more, the more backward you're leaning, the harder it is to get into the
01:10:27braced position during an emergency landing.
01:10:31Try to avoid snoozing during or right after take-off and landing.
01:10:35For one thing, it's not the best thing for your health.
01:10:38The main problem is that the air pressure inside the cabin changes very quickly during
01:10:42these phases of the flight.
01:10:44This, in turn, affects the air pressure in your ears.
01:10:47It's important to be alert during this time to relax and open up your ears.
01:10:52For example, by yawning or swallowing frequency.
01:10:55Chewing gum works for me.
01:10:57If you're sleeping, you can't do this, which can lead to permanent damage.
01:11:02And of course, there's a safety issue.
01:11:04Most accidents happen during take-off and landing.
01:11:07If you're sleeping during these stages, you might not be alert and conscious enough
01:11:11if an emergency happens.
01:11:14This next recommendation comes from the EPA, the Environmental Protection Agency.
01:11:19According to them, you might want to skip on hot drinks on a plane.
01:11:23The water used to make tea or coffee doesn't come from bottles – it's regular tap water.
01:11:28And water tanks on airplanes are often old and full of bacteria.
01:11:32In 2004, there was a study which found that more than 12% of water samples contained harmful
01:11:38bacteria.
01:11:40But if you still decide to have a cup of hot beverage on a plane, never pour coffee
01:11:44or tea on your own.
01:11:46Flight attendants are trained to handle this task in crowded aisles of a moving airplane
01:11:51and won't accidentally burn you or other passengers.
01:11:54It's probably better if you don't order Coke on a plane.
01:11:58The cabin pressure, so low up in the air, causes a lot of foam.
01:12:02For apparent reasons, flight attendants don't want to serve you a cup filled with froth.
01:12:07That's why they'll fill only half the cup, then wait for the bubbles to settle,
01:12:11and then finish pouring.
01:12:13That can take ages.
01:12:15Keep your air vent open.
01:12:16This way, you'll minimize the spread of germs.
01:12:19Planes have high-quality air filters.
01:12:21They'll catch up to 99% of all airborne germs, so you should be safe there.
01:12:27But make sure to wipe that tray table.
01:12:29With 8 times more bacteria than the toilet flush button, it's the dirtiest place on
01:12:34board.
01:12:36Another thing you should avoid is leaning your head on the window, if you have a window
01:12:39seat.
01:12:40You never know who occupied your seat before you, and, in any case, the glass is likely
01:12:45to be covered with germs.
01:12:48Say no to backless sandals and high heels on a flight.
01:12:51I do.
01:12:52There are very serious safety reasons for such a request.
01:12:56The first is that both these types of footwear make it very difficult to evacuate the aircraft
01:13:01fast.
01:13:02If you wear high heels, you will anyway have to leave them behind in case the crew is using
01:13:07emergency slides during an evacuation.
01:13:10The heels are very likely to damage the slide, so off they go.
01:13:14Now ask yourself, do you really fancy running away from the airplane barefoot?
01:13:19I'll answer that for you – nope.
01:13:21Instead, wear sturdy shoes with a solid sole.
01:13:24In this case, you won't find yourself standing on the hot tarmac or in the weeds without
01:13:29any footwear at all.
01:13:31Don't stuff heavy objects into overhead compartments.
01:13:35Your things may not stay inside during severe turbulence, and while falling out, they will
01:13:39injure you and other passengers.
01:13:41Ow!
01:13:42That's why if it feels difficult to lift something into the overhead compartment, better
01:13:46put it under the seat in front of you or elsewhere.
01:13:50Don't blame the pilot for the hard landing.
01:13:53When you experience it in bad weather, it might be intentional.
01:13:57If the runway is covered with water or snow, the plane has to touch down hard in order
01:14:02to break the water layer and prevent aquaplaning.
01:14:05Otherwise, the water can perform the role of a lubricant, and the plane won't be able
01:14:10to break or respond to any control.
01:14:13Deploying an emergency slide when there's no emergency is a bad, very bad idea.
01:14:18It can cause hour-long delays and cost airlines thousands of dollars to pack the undamaged
01:14:23slide back into its container.
01:14:26Why would someone do it?
01:14:27Apparently, some think it'll help them get off the plane faster.
01:14:30Well, they're an idiot.
01:14:32Don't be one yourself.
01:14:33Just keep in mind that it doesn't work this way.
01:14:36Don't ignore the instructions of the cabin crew to open window shades during take-off
01:14:40and landing.
01:14:41This way, flight attendants can see what's happening outside, assess the situation, and
01:14:46act fast, organizing the evacuation.
01:14:49For example, if there's a fire outside one exit, they will redirect passengers toward
01:14:54another door.
01:14:56Avoid carrying spray deodorants or shaving cream in your carry-on baggage.
01:15:00Both these things tend to explode mid-flight and, therefore, aren't allowed to onboard
01:15:05the airplane.
01:15:06A much better idea is to choose stick deodorants.
01:15:10You also mustn't keep power banks in your checked luggage.
01:15:13And if you want to bring one on board, its capacity shouldn't be more than 20,000 mA.
01:15:18Besides, you shouldn't use them during the flight since they might catch fire.
01:15:23In general, lithium batteries are safe to use, but since they're high-energy, they
01:15:27can catch fire if they're not treated with care, misused, or if there's a manufacturing
01:15:33fault.
01:15:34Such batteries have been the cause of quite a few fires onboard airplanes, as well as
01:15:38during ground handling.
01:15:40Do not worry about airport scanners – they won't harm your health.
01:15:44Otherwise, airport employees wouldn't be able to stay near them without special clothing.
01:15:49And when you're passing by a baggage scanner, the risk is minimal.
01:15:53And the last one.
01:15:54Don't act like a jerk onboard.
01:15:56Behave yourself.
01:15:57I know you will.
01:15:59Also, never try to land a plane on your own.
01:16:01Nah, don't laugh, I'm not kidding.
01:16:04In movies, they often show us that something happens to the pilots, and they can't land
01:16:08the plane.
01:16:09And that's when the main character, a very skillful person, starts their game.
01:16:14Unfortunately, it's close to impossible to do it in real life.
01:16:18Even if a person is a genius, is fond of computer simulators that match the real model
01:16:22of an aircraft 100%, and is ready to follow all the instructions from the ground, they're
01:16:28likely to fail due to one simple aspect – stress.
01:16:32It is true that there have been cases throughout history when amateurs landed smallish private
01:16:37planes after the incapacitation of a pilot.
01:16:41However, there has never been a case of a non-professional pilot landing a commercial
01:16:46passenger airplane.
01:16:47It's only in the movies.
01:16:50You can easily remove post-it notes because their adhesive is not even.
01:16:54Sticky notes feature a plastic adhesive.
01:16:56It's spread out in blobs across that sticky part of the paper.
01:17:00When you slap a post-it onto a bulletin board, not all the blobs, that are technically called
01:17:04microcapsules, will actually touch the surface to keep the paper stuck there.
01:17:09You can easily unstick it.
01:17:11And then, when you want to reattach it to something else, those blobs of glue that are
01:17:14left unused will take over the role of the adhesive.
01:17:18Eventually, you'll use all the capsules of glue, or they'll simply get clogged with
01:17:22dirt.
01:17:23So, the note won't stick anymore.
01:17:25It's very satisfying to chew gum because it's made of rubber.
01:17:29Gum from before had an elastic texture because of something called chicle, a natural type
01:17:33of latex rubber.
01:17:35Now you can chew your bubble gum easily because it's made of synthetic rubber.
01:17:39Some of these are used in car tires, too, while others are used in Elmer's glue because
01:17:44they mimic the effect of chicle.
01:17:47Office buildings are a bit taller during the night.
01:17:49When the employees are finished with work, they all go home.
01:17:53Tall office buildings get slightly taller.
01:17:55For example, a 1,300-foot-tall skyscraper will shrink about 0.03 inches under the weight
01:18:02of 50,000 people inside, assuming they're all an average weight.
01:18:08You could actually heat your house with just 70 people.
01:18:11If you've ever been trapped in a small, crowded room, you know people give off body heat.
01:18:16So you'd need about 70 people in motion to warm up your home in the winter using just
01:18:20their body heat.
01:18:21Or maybe 140 people standing still, if you consider the house uses four electrical storage
01:18:27heaters and humans radiate approximately 100 to 200 watts of heat in normal conditions.
01:18:34Why does glass break so easily?
01:18:37It's because its atoms are not very tightly arranged.
01:18:40Unlike other solid material, like metal, glass is made up of amorphous, which basically
01:18:45means structureless, loosely packed, and randomly arranged atoms.
01:18:50These atoms can't rearrange themselves that quickly to retain a firm structure, so glass
01:18:54collapses and fragments shatter everywhere.
01:18:58Do you know why airplane passenger windows are mostly below eye level?
01:19:03Aircraft are way cheaper, stronger, and easier to build without windows.
01:19:06But they're there because many people like the view, particularly about 100 years ago
01:19:11when flights were often conducted at low altitudes.
01:19:14Also, if some passengers are feeling sick, looking out the window can help them reconnect
01:19:19their sense of balance as their eyes are continually reporting what's going on around them.
01:19:24Windows in this position also help distribute the load around them more evenly.
01:19:28The floor of the cabin where people sit isn't all the way at the bottom of the aircraft,
01:19:33which is why windows end up being quite low compared to both the overall volume of the
01:19:37cabin itself and the eye level of the passengers sitting down.
01:19:42Water feels colder than air at the same temperature because it's denser.
01:19:46Because of that, your body loses heat 25 times faster while surrounded by water than it would
01:19:51if it was surrounded by air that was the same temperature.
01:19:54Since it's so dense, water has a high heat capacity, which means it takes a lot of heat
01:19:59to raise its temperature just a little bit.
01:20:02Water is good at both retaining heat and cold.
01:20:05That's why the ocean is way cooler than land, and at the same time, the hot soup stays hot
01:20:10for a long time.
01:20:12Water is also a pretty good conductor, which means it effectively transfers either heat
01:20:17or cold to the human body.
01:20:20Have you ever wondered why water cleans so well?
01:20:23It's because of its asymmetrical molecules.
01:20:26They are made of two hydrogen atoms stuck to a single oxygen atom, which means they're
01:20:31triangular.
01:20:32That's why they have a slightly different charge on their different sides, similar to
01:20:36a magnet.
01:20:37The oxygen end of the molecule is slightly negative, while the hydrogen is slightly positive.
01:20:43Because of this feature, water is great at sticking to other molecules.
01:20:47So when you want to wash away dirt, water molecules will stick to the dirt.
01:20:51They'll pull it away from the surface the dirt was on, no matter what it is.
01:20:55This is why water has surface tension.
01:20:57It's capable of sticking to itself, too.
01:21:03House cats share some similarities with big wild cats, but one of the things that sets
01:21:07them apart is their vocalization.
01:21:10The majority of large cats, like tigers and lions, will roar loudly so everyone knows
01:21:15they're coming to defend their territory.
01:21:18But with house cats, most of the time, you'll just hear purrs and meows.
01:21:23That's because of the physiology of their throat and voice box, which helps create these
01:21:27feline vocalizations.
01:21:29So a cat can either roar or purr, but no cat can do both.
01:21:34Bobcats, cougars, house cats, cheetahs, they purr.
01:21:38Purring is specific because a cat creates it when it breathes in and when it breathes
01:21:42out.
01:21:43Roaring has evolved in a particular lineage of big cats, which includes tigers, lions,
01:21:48jaguars, and leopards, except the snow leopard, who lost this ability.
01:21:53They are capable of roaring because of the bendy bones in their throat.
01:21:58Mammals have their voice box in the throat, where air passing by its structures produces
01:22:02sounds.
01:22:03The vocal cords in the hyoid bones are the two main parts of the larynx that create different
01:22:08vocalizations in cats.
01:22:11You probably also prefer the pulse setting on your blender.
01:22:14And why wouldn't you?
01:22:15It just works better, and that's because of turbulence.
01:22:19When a blender stops chopping up food and starts spinning it around in circles only,
01:22:23everything you put inside is spinning at the same rate.
01:22:26It's not really about blending ingredients together, but about something called laminar
01:22:30flow.
01:22:32That means all the layers of liquid are continuously moving in the same direction.
01:22:37When you use the pulse function, your blender adds turbulence, so the fruit chunks are not
01:22:41just rolling around the sides of the blender, but they are falling into the center, which
01:22:46is when it's easier to blend them.
01:22:49So you'd like to open your window during a warm spring or summer day.
01:22:53It's so nice to hear the birds singing, and even when you come back an hour later, you'll
01:22:57probably still hear them singing the same song.
01:23:00They're hard workers, and the males are most likely guarding their territory and trying
01:23:04to attract a female.
01:23:07And other animals have their own tactics.
01:23:10Some like to rub their scent everywhere, but birds use a song to send the message, hey,
01:23:15I'm letting everyone know, especially other males in the area, this is my space.
01:23:21So they'll continue singing the same song over and over again.
01:23:25During the winter, they will most likely sing fewer notes to each other, or just one note.
01:23:30They want to let others know that where they are is their space, plus they're trying to
01:23:34figure out if there's any food somewhere nearby.
01:23:39Why do cats like small spaces?
01:23:42First of all, they are solitary animals, which is why they always search for a safe hiding
01:23:47place to take a good nap.
01:23:49And if you see a cat curled in a tiny box, it was probably just trying to find a nice,
01:23:54warm spot to sleep and avoid the cold floor.
01:23:57Cats prefer room temperatures to be about 57 degrees Fahrenheit.
01:24:00A bit cooler than this is comfortable for us.
01:24:04And if there isn't a convenient sunbeam to lie in, they will look for other solutions,
01:24:09like a cozy shoebox.
01:24:11Cats are pretty lazy.
01:24:12They can sleep up to 18 hours a day, most average between 10 and 13 hours on a daily
01:24:17basis.
01:24:18The majority of cats are most active during dawn and dusk.
01:24:22They're not the nocturnal animals that some of us think they are, but a specific category
01:24:26called crepescular animals, together with other creatures like hamsters, ferrets, and
01:24:31stray dogs.
01:24:32Over millions of years, cats have evolved to become low-light predators.
01:24:37Their eyesight is adapted for activities during twilight.
01:24:40And since that's when they're most active, they save their energy for dusk and dawn.
01:24:45Before they became domesticated, cats would have had to expend large amounts of energy
01:24:50at these times, finding, going after, and catching their prey.
01:24:54House cats no longer need to hunt before each meal.
01:24:57But their natural instincts still encourage them to conserve energy for twilight periods.
01:25:03Why are four-leaf clovers so rare?
01:25:05Similar to animals, plant genes are located in small packages of DNA in the nucleus of
01:25:10each cell.
01:25:11They're called chromosomes.
01:25:13Former chromosomes come in matched pairs, but clovers have four copies of every chromosome
01:25:18per cell.
01:25:19There's a gene responsible for four-leaf clovers, and it's recessive.
01:25:24That means this plant will create four leaves only if it has a four-leaf gene on all four
01:25:30chromosomes.
01:25:31And that's pretty rare.
01:25:32Also, some environmental conditions like soil activity and temperature can also affect whether
01:25:37the four leaves appear.
01:25:39Interestingly, these anomalies tend to happen in clusters, so if you find one, look around
01:25:45you.
01:25:46There might be more of them!
01:25:51Check around the corner, under the bed.
01:25:53Wait, what's that hiding over there?
01:25:57Hotels are supposed to be your home away from home, but do you know what secrets they're
01:26:02keeping?
01:26:03Here's what no staff member or manager would ever tell you.
01:26:07Some hotel owners are very superstitious of the number 13, or they know guests might
01:26:12be.
01:26:13Whatever the case, you may find room 13 or the entire 13th floor completely missing.
01:26:20In the Far East, the same can be said about the number 4.
01:26:24You can easily get an upgraded room without any additional charge if you have a birthday,
01:26:29anniversary, or wedding.
01:26:32Just call ahead of time and warn them about the upcoming event.
01:26:36You might be checking that bed for stains and bugs, but you're probably overlooking
01:26:41the dirtiest thing in the room – the TV remote.
01:26:45It doesn't get disinfected between guests.
01:26:48Put it in a plastic sandwich baggie before using it.
01:26:52Plenty of other filthy things in that room, but we'll touch on those later.
01:26:57Every hotel has a place where housekeeping stores forgotten things.
01:27:01The most frequently lost items are phone chargers, but more interesting discoveries have been
01:27:06found – false teeth, glass eyes, and even boxes of worms.
01:27:12If no one comes for these strange treasures after 5 or 10 years – yes, they're nice
01:27:17enough to wait – the cleaners raffle the lost items among themselves.
01:27:22Some luxury ones may have hidden cameras built in for safety reasons.
01:27:27The most common place for this is the door peepholes, so always put a piece of masking
01:27:32tape or putty over the one in your room.
01:27:36The hidden cameras in the room itself are never okay.
01:27:39To check the place, turn off the overhead light and switch on your phone's front-facing
01:27:44camera.
01:27:45Slowly scan the room – your front camera will pick up their infrared light.
01:27:51Common spots are near the bed and in the bathroom, so check those areas thoroughly.
01:27:58Hotel owners often let their friends and family stay for free.
01:28:01You wouldn't know it since they usually leave before peak season starts.
01:28:06The employees and cleaners also get in on some perks.
01:28:10They keep towels, slippers, bathrobes, and shampoos.
01:28:14But what you might not know is that hotel chains are fine with you taking things from
01:28:19the room.
01:28:20Stationery, toiletries, coffee mugs, umbrellas – anything with their name and logo on it.
01:28:26This will serve as free advertisement when you take those things with you.
01:28:31Those beautiful bright vegetables and fruits near the hotel restaurant's entrance aren't
01:28:36just a decoration.
01:28:37They trick your body into feeling full before you even get your plate.
01:28:42You eat less, and the company saves money.
01:28:46They may give you extra bottles of shower gel or other toiletries, but there are ones
01:28:51that charge you for grabbing too much food during the breakfast buffet.
01:28:55To avoid upsetting the cooks with the amount of discarded food, some hotels in certain
01:29:01countries make their guests pay for anything left uneaten on the plate.
01:29:07No hotel chain would willingly tell you how to get the biggest discount for your stay.
01:29:12So if you have a limited budget, make a reservation after 6 p.m.
01:29:18This is when the sales department tries to sell all canceled reservations at the last
01:29:22minute.
01:29:23That often means cutting the price down, sometimes in half.
01:29:28The first Sunday of the month is the best time to check in.
01:29:31Vacationers are leaving, business travelers haven't arrived yet, so most of the best
01:29:36rooms will be available.
01:29:38To get the top pick, use a special service called Rooming.
01:29:43You can view everything in the hotel and choose which room you like the most.
01:29:48Just ask the receptionist about it.
01:29:51They won't willingly speak up about other free services unless you ask.
01:29:55Free phone chargers, hair irons, bottled water, and board games are among them.
01:30:01They can also order a transfer for you, book concert or theater tickets, and wake you up
01:30:06at a specified time.
01:30:09Hotels can refuse you a check-in, even if you've paid for a booking in advance.
01:30:14They can cancel your reservation if you don't show up before 6 p.m.
01:30:19If something's holding you up on your way, call and let them know in advance.
01:30:24Even if you arrive on time, you can still be denied a room.
01:30:29It usually happens when the hotel is overbooked.
01:30:32In that case, they might redirect you to a different one.
01:30:36Even more surprising, the chances of this happening depend on who you are.
01:30:41Young single men, couples, and groups of friends will usually get the boot before a family
01:30:46or a single older woman.
01:30:49It's because the first group is usually more flexible about the unexpected move.
01:30:54Before you pounce on that minibar, better check to see if those drinks are sealed.
01:30:59Hotel workers say they've had cases where guests finished all the provided beverages
01:31:04and then filled the bottles up with tap water to avoid paying for them.
01:31:08Shh, you didn't hear it from me!
01:31:12Large chains often have their own special transport for meeting important guests or
01:31:16getting around town.
01:31:18Their own taxis are usually cheaper than city ones, so if you want to save some money, check
01:31:24the cost of their transport at the reception.
01:31:27But don't ask the receptionist to recommend where you should have a meal.
01:31:31The hotel clerk will point you to a local place that pays them for their recommendations,
01:31:37even if it's overpriced and tasteless there.
01:31:41Guests don't really pay for the room itself, but for the hotel's location.
01:31:45Proximity to the airport, the beach, downtown, and famous sights will cost you an additional
01:31:51amount.
01:31:52Yes, even if it doesn't have any stars at all, and the conditions inside aren't great.
01:31:58Think twice before handing over your keys for valet parking.
01:32:02There have been cases when hotel workers took an expensive car for a joyride and even filled
01:32:08it.
01:32:09My car?
01:32:10No.
01:32:11A famous person could be staying in the room right next to you.
01:32:15Nobody would know it since they get to use made-up names to conceal their identity.
01:32:21For the rest of us common folk, that's not allowed.
01:32:25You requested a single room with a big bed and a nice view of the beach.
01:32:30What you got?
01:32:31A room with two small beds and a lovely view of a brick wall.
01:32:34It happens all the time.
01:32:36But they're supposed to give you compensation or some free service to make up for the difference.
01:32:42Know your right to this if the manager doesn't offer.
01:32:46The safe in your room can be anything but safe.
01:32:49If you have some valuables, ask the receptionist to put them in the main hotel safe up front.
01:32:55This place is usually much more secure since all the staff doesn't have access to it.
01:33:01Although hotel chairs and sofas look clean, wait till you see one under a microscope.
01:33:07Don't sit on them without first laying down a towel or blanket.
01:33:11You don't know if the guests before you had their feet up on the furniture.
01:33:15Laying on their feet would certainly be filthy since the room's carpets are rarely shampooed.
01:33:21Maybe once a year or even less.
01:33:23That being said, don't walk on them barefoot.
01:33:26If you use slippers or keep your shoes on, make sure to put shower caps on the bottoms
01:33:31when you pack them into your suitcase before leaving.
01:33:35Same story with that bed.
01:33:37Before you lie down on it, know that the cleaning staff might launder the linens between guests,
01:33:42but not that big, beautiful, germy bedspread.
01:33:46Don't touch the drinking glasses either.
01:33:49Even if they get it wiped out, it was probably with the same cloth used to clean other surfaces.
01:33:54Why?
01:33:55Well, because staff have only 20-30 minutes to clean each room completely.
01:34:01So they need to do it quickly, not thoroughly.
01:34:05Things that often get overlooked?
01:34:07Light switches, door and drawer handles, remotes.
01:34:10Ironically enough, it's the things that get touched most often.
01:34:14Experts have found that these items have as much germs on them as the toilet.
01:34:19Solution?
01:34:20Always bring plenty of antibacterial wipes.
01:34:24And if you ask about the hotel's cleaning practices, remember, cleaning doesn't mean
01:34:29disinfecting.
01:34:30Choose your words wisely, and don't give the manager a loophole.
01:34:36These are places where you know for sure lots of people stay every day.
01:34:41And not all of those places pay attention to cleanliness as much as they should.
01:34:45There can be bedbugs and other pests around that you won't notice until it's too late.
01:34:51So here's the deal.
01:34:52When you arrive at a hotel and open your room, don't rush to open your bags and put all your
01:34:57clothes onto the shelves, and especially the bed.
01:35:01Better place your bags into the bathtub for the time being, and go check the room for
01:35:06those pesky bugs.
01:35:08Check out all the rugs, soft furniture, cushions, and all other places that pests could live
01:35:13in.
01:35:14Only after you've done that, take your bags out of the bathtub and unpack.
01:35:18The bathtub is the safest place, because no bugs are able to survive there.
01:35:23So naturally, none of them will crawl into your stuff while you're not looking.
01:35:28You may want to throw that comforter on the floor at once, by the way.
01:35:31While sheets may be cleaned regularly, the comforters are not.
01:35:36Some hotels wash them every week or so, but others don't even bother.
01:35:41Same goes for your bedding.
01:35:43Most high-end hotels will change the sheets daily, but a lot of budget ones don't change
01:35:47the pillows or bedding after a guest checks out.
01:35:51Definitely a good idea to request fresh pillowcases when you arrive.
01:35:55It's also best not to drink out of that glass in the bathroom, as many glasses aren't cleaned
01:36:00properly.
01:36:02Some workers even use disinfectant or furniture polish to get the glasses looking spotless.
01:36:07Ever wondered why they never use fitted sheets in hotels?
01:36:11They might be convenient, but they're impractical for hotel use.
01:36:15The sheets are changed much more often than you do it at home, and the elastic becomes
01:36:19worn out all too soon.
01:36:21Besides, it's a nightmare to store fitted sheets.
01:36:25They have to be of two different sizes, one for either type of bed.
01:36:29It's just easier to take two universal flat sheets per double bed and get on with it.
01:36:34Speaking of sheets, you must have noticed that bed linen and towels in hotels are almost
01:36:39always white.
01:36:41The first reason is convenience, of course.
01:36:43When everything is white, it's easy to wash it all together and use bleach to get rid
01:36:48of any possible stains.
01:36:49The second explanation, however, is customer experience.
01:36:53According to public polls, people perceive a white color as luxurious and fresh, which
01:36:59makes their stay more pleasant.
01:37:01If you see an unusually attractive price for a room on a website, be careful.
01:37:06It might not include a mandatory resort fee.
01:37:10If you have an option to pay for a room in advance, you'll see the final cost of the checkout.
01:37:15It'll normally list the initial price you saw before booking and all the extra charges,
01:37:20resort fee included.
01:37:22If you decide to pay at the hotel, though, you might be up for a surprise when you check out.
01:37:27So always make sure to read the fine print.
01:37:30You may have seen a rather weird thing in many hotels, a phone in the bathroom, especially
01:37:35just next to the toilet.
01:37:37You'd probably be surprised to know that it's an actual requirement for hotels to receive
01:37:41a four-diamond rating from AAA.
01:37:43But this also makes pretty good sense.
01:37:46For example, if you slip and fall on the wet floor of the bathroom, a phone can be handy
01:37:51to call for help.
01:37:53Returning to bathrooms, hotels typically don't provide plungers in rooms.
01:37:57You see, hotels want you to have a feeling that you're the first person ever to enter
01:38:01the room you're staying in.
01:38:03It's a question of your comfort, which is the primary concern of any respectable hotel.
01:38:08And a plunger in the bathroom, according to anonymous polls, makes people think that the
01:38:13toilet may malfunction at some point, which doesn't help the image.
01:38:17If your hotel has card keys with magnetic strips, make sure you put your card key apart
01:38:23from your cell phone and wallet.
01:38:25The problem is that key cards are rewritten quite a lot, and they're designed for that
01:38:29process to be quick and easy.
01:38:32So a fairly strong magnet, like the one in your cell phone, could erase your key card,
01:38:37and you wouldn't be able to get inside your room.
01:38:40The hotel will surely provide you with a new card, but that's still inconvenient.
01:38:45Many hotels only accept credit cards as a form of payment, and without one, you won't
01:38:50be able to book a room directly or use the paid services provided by the place.
01:38:55Booking a room is just the first step of your stay at a hotel.
01:38:58During your vacation or business trip, you might use the minibar or other paid services
01:39:03that you'll only have to pay for at the checkout.
01:39:06If your debit card doesn't have enough funds on it to cover all your expenses, the hotel
01:39:10has no means to get their money apart from suing you.
01:39:14If you pay with a credit card, however, all the additional costs go to the bank, and everyone's
01:39:19happy.
01:39:20The time of check-in and check-out is fixed not to annoy you.
01:39:24It's done so you don't barge in onto guests who stayed in the room you've booked, and
01:39:29the hotel staff can clean the room and prepare it for the next guest's arrival.
01:39:33By the way, the checkout time is normally about 11am to 12pm, because hotels actually
01:39:39care about your well-being.
01:39:41They not only let you have your breakfast, but also give you some time to prepare for
01:39:45departure without hurry.
01:39:47Isn't it kind of annoying that many hotels don't have a socket near the bed?
01:39:51In fact, time is to blame in this case.
01:39:55Lots of hotels around the world were built before mobile phones and other portable devices
01:39:59became so popular and widespread.
01:40:02Back then, of course, they didn't need bedside sockets, and many of them haven't yet caught
01:40:06up with the times.
01:40:08You can avoid this issue if you stay at a hotel that's been built relatively recently.
01:40:13Once you're at the check-in desk, it's likely that the hotel staff already recognize you.
01:40:18Many hotels, especially higher-end ones, will do a little research of their guests' social
01:40:23media.
01:40:24While this seems a bit creepy, it's only so they can see who you are to make your stay
01:40:29more comfortable.
01:40:30At check-in, you'll also be given an initial key which will reset the door lock and cancel
01:40:35any existing keys.
01:40:37But make sure to be respectful to your receptionists – sometimes they may play practical jokes
01:40:42on rude customers by key-bombing.
01:40:45This is where they give you two of the initial keys.
01:40:48Either key resets the door, so once you use the second one, the first will no longer work.
01:40:55Toothpaste is one item you probably won't find in the hotel room's bathroom.
01:40:59For budget hotels, it's often too expensive to order, as it's classified as a medical
01:41:04supply.
01:41:05For luxury hotels, it's the opposite.
01:41:08They often can't find a toothpaste manufacturer that's fancy enough to be present in their
01:41:12rooms.
01:41:13While the staff clean hotel rooms frequently, disinfecting smaller items is not on the top
01:41:18of their priority list.
01:41:20Remote controls and phones are some of the dirtiest things in a hotel room, so do yourself
01:41:25a favor and bring some disinfectant wipes to clean them before use.
01:41:30If you're thinking about putting your valuables in the safe for security, you may also want
01:41:34to think twice.
01:41:36Hotel locks use passcodes instead of locks, so there's a high chance someone in the hotel
01:41:41will know the master code.
01:41:43And who knows who else could get their hands on this information?
01:41:47Hotels usually overbook themselves, as the average daily no-show rate is around 10%.
01:41:52This means there's a chance that you won't actually get your reserved room.
01:41:56If you show up and there are no available rooms, chances are you'll get walked.
01:42:01This basically means the hotel will pay for a room at another similar hotel in the area.
01:42:07There's a surprising amount of items left in rooms that hotels don't want you to know
01:42:11about.
01:42:12In one hotel in Portugal, a worker even found a shark that was left behind.
01:42:17With no idea how it ended up there, the shark was eventually returned to its natural habitat,
01:42:23safe and sound.
01:42:24Most, if not all, hotels have fully carpeted floors, and there's a couple of very good
01:42:29reasons for that.
01:42:31First of all, it's your safety.
01:42:33You're far less likely to slip and fall on a carpet than on a wooden or tiled floor.
01:42:38Secondly, it's much more cost-effective, because it's faster and cheaper to replace a spoiled
01:42:43carpet than change the whole flooring in a room.
01:42:46And finally, carpets add to the room's soundproofing, which you'll be thankful for if you have overly
01:42:52active neighbors.
01:42:54Ever wondered what a continental breakfast is, and why it's called that?
01:42:58In fact, the name comes from the UK, which is a group of islands, and it means a breakfast
01:43:04that's served in continental Europe.
01:43:06It may include pastries, sliced bread with different toppings, meat, cheese, fruit juice,
01:43:12and hot beverages.
01:43:15Airports are some of the most visited and, at the same time, mysterious places out there.
01:43:20So, let's see what's going on behind the scenes and what secrets airports hide.
01:43:25At some airports, there are special people called profilers.
01:43:29Such people bring to life a special program called SPOT, Screening Passengers by Observation
01:43:35Technique.
01:43:36They analyze or mimic gestures and behavior in order to detect suspicious people.
01:43:43Their job is to notice nonverbal signs of anxiety, people licking their lips, itching,
01:43:48or looking around a lot.
01:43:50If a profiler notices a person acting in an unusual way, they can invite them for an
01:43:56inspection.
01:43:57There, they talk to this person, trying to find out more about them and confirm, or not,
01:44:03their suspicions.
01:44:05Airport agents might also be watching you all the way from the security check to your
01:44:09gate.
01:44:10Some airports have facial recognition scanners that can easily track you.
01:44:14They're equipped with special software that compares passengers' faces with their IDs.
01:44:20Keep in mind that if you don't charge your laptop before the flight, it may be confiscated.
01:44:26It's not uncommon for an airport security officer to ask you to power your device up.
01:44:32If you fail to do it, your gadget can be taken away for an additional check.
01:44:37For safety reasons, it's crucial to make sure that it hasn't been tampered with or
01:44:41modified in a way that can cause harm during the flight.
01:44:46Packing an electric brush in your check-in luggage may land you in trouble.
01:44:50Brushes produced by some brands have lithium batteries inside, and those can potentially
01:44:55lead to serious problems in the air.
01:44:59That's why leaving your electric brush in your check suitcase isn't an option.
01:45:03But you're allowed to store them in your carry-on bag.
01:45:06At the same time, if your device runs on AA batteries, you can put it wherever you want.
01:45:12Anyone who's ever traveled by plane knows about the no-liquids rule, but not everybody
01:45:17knows that this rule also applies to peanut butter, toothpaste, creams, lotions, liquid
01:45:23makeup, laval lamps, snow globes, some kinds of medications, deodorant, and even gel shoe
01:45:31inserts.
01:45:32Now, let's go outside for a while and look at those landing spots.
01:45:38Airports charge airline companies huge fees for landing on their runways on certain days
01:45:43and at particular times.
01:45:45But the most interesting thing is that the landing spots can be bought and sold.
01:45:50For example, in 2016, Oman Air paid Air France around $75 million for one early morning arrival
01:45:58slot at London Heathrow Airport.
01:46:01You must have noticed that airfare has increased over the past decade.
01:46:05That's because of the extremely high prices of landing slots.
01:46:10Dispatchers don't only control the planes in the sky, as you can often see in the movies,
01:46:16but they also look after their movements on the ground.
01:46:18They also control the lighting on the runways.
01:46:21There's three types of air traffic controllers, en route, terminal, and tower.
01:46:26Each of these dispatchers has their own area of responsibility.
01:46:31One dispatcher has about five monitors, and the information on them is constantly changing
01:46:36since the monitors show weather conditions and information about other planes.
01:46:41You know how it sometimes goes.
01:46:43You come to a security checkpoint, and all of a sudden, it turns out you have something
01:46:48prohibited in your carry-on.
01:46:50But worry not, you still have a chance to save your favorite pen knife.
01:46:55At some airports, there are on-site postal services, and you might have an opportunity
01:47:00to mail your belongings to any address you provide.
01:47:04But the mailing fees are pretty high.
01:47:07Plus, certain items are prohibited, and the postal service won't deliver them.
01:47:12Airports can be selling your lost luggage right now.
01:47:15Of course, I don't say that there's no chance for you to get back your suitcases
01:47:18that's traveled to a different destination, but just as likely, you might not see it again.
01:47:24In this case, an airport has the right to sell your misplaced belongings at an auction.
01:47:30Most airports have an annual lost luggage sale.
01:47:34After paying an entry fee, you can bid on electronics, clothes, bags, and other stuff.
01:47:41While flying, you might have a celebrity on board, but you won't know it.
01:47:45Large airports have separate check-in and security procedures for celebrities.
01:47:50They often board the plane directly through a hidden door located beside the jet bridge.
01:47:56Some airlines also use cool cars to transfer VIP passengers from the terminal building
01:48:01to the plane.
01:48:03At the same time, most people come to the airport well ahead of time, and the most popular
01:48:08activity while waiting for a flight is wandering through the duty-free zone.
01:48:13And even though people rarely plan to buy anything there, different products end up
01:48:18in their shopping baskets.
01:48:21That's because lots of airports are designed in a special way that makes people feel relaxed
01:48:26and at ease.
01:48:27I'm talking about all those huge windows, a lot of light, massage chairs, and comfortable
01:48:33seating areas.
01:48:35And statistically, calm passengers are 10% more likely to spend money on retail, duty-free,
01:48:41and food.
01:48:43Designers put a lot of thought into airport layouts.
01:48:46It helps to ensure the smooth flow of travelers.
01:48:50And the main point here is easy navigation that can prevent people from getting lost.
01:48:55This is achieved through subtle but very effective design cues.
01:49:00Replacing duty-free zones between security checkpoints and boarding gates is one of them.
01:49:06They supposedly help you relax after clearing security and lead you where you need to go.
01:49:11But speaking of food, a celebrity chef restaurant at the airport might not be as good as it
01:49:16would be if you were visiting the real thing.
01:49:20Not chefs themselves, but special restaurant companies are responsible for airport outlets.
01:49:26One of the reasons is the extremely strict security that surrounds airport deliveries,
01:49:30including food.
01:49:32You may still have a nice meal, but it won't be the same.
01:49:36Now I'll tell you about one more way airports manipulate you into spending your money.
01:49:41They make you walk through the shiny duty-free stores straight after the security check.
01:49:46But the most curious thing is that the walkway through such stores usually veers to the left.
01:49:52That's done because most people are right-handed, which means they use their right arm to pull
01:49:57their luggage and are more likely to look to the right while passing through the stores.
01:50:02And the duty-free zone veering to the left leaves more space on the right where passengers
01:50:07are more likely to look.
01:50:09Oh, and have you ever noticed how many mirrors there are at airports?
01:50:15Mirrors are strategically placed there to make airports appear larger and create an
01:50:19illusion of more space.
01:50:21This in turn helps to reduce the feeling of claustrophobia and makes the airport experience
01:50:26more comfortable for travellers.
01:50:29If you have an opportunity, don't exchange cash at the airport, you'll never get a good
01:50:33rate there.
01:50:35Those who didn't buy local currency in advance can instead order it online and collect it
01:50:40at the airport.
01:50:42Some services only need a few hours' notice for such an order, or it might even be better
01:50:47to use an ATM to withdraw some cash at your final destination.
01:50:52Now, have you ever paid attention to airport codes?
01:50:56The most often used are three-letter codes.
01:50:59Why this number?
01:51:01Back in the 1930s in the USA, pilots used the National Weather Service's two-letter
01:51:06city codes to refer to airports.
01:51:09But soon, the number of airports in the country outgrew the number of such codes.
01:51:14That's why airlines expanded this system by adding the third letter.
01:51:18It was usually X.
01:51:20That's how LA, Los Angeles, turned into LAX.
01:51:24But even though there shouldn't be two airports with the same code, some of these codes sound
01:51:29so similar you could easily mistake one for the other.
01:51:33For example, look at this airport with the code CGP in Bangladesh.
01:51:38And here we have CPG, it's the code of an airport in Argentina.
01:51:43It's dangerously easy to fly to the wrong place, so pay attention!
01:51:52Seat pockets on planes are mostly filled with in-flight magazines, a plane safety guide,
01:51:57and information about the airline.
01:51:59But they're also home to all sorts of trash, grime, and bacteria that just don't belong there.
01:52:06A passenger coughs into a tissue or wipes their runny nose with a handful of them, but
01:52:11instead of immediately getting rid of them, it gets placed into the seat back pocket.
01:52:15Now another passenger comes along on the very next flight, sitting in that same exact seat.
01:52:21With limited space around them, putting some of their belongings into the pockets leads
01:52:25to potentially millions of germs spreading significantly to them.
01:52:29It's no wonder that these seats back pockets can get so nasty, everybody puts their trash
01:52:34inside of them.
01:52:36Trashes often leave uneaten candy bars, diapers, apple cores, and nuts.
01:52:41This leaves crumbs and other matters everywhere.
01:52:44All of this trash is taken out before the next flight, but they're rarely ever deeply cleaned.
01:52:49It's all dependent on the airline itself as to how often they'll really clean the plane
01:52:54and wipe everything down properly.
01:52:56The plastic tray tables where we eat and place our things are one of, if not, the dirtiest
01:53:02parts of any airplane.
01:53:04These seat back tray tables that we use can have over 2,000 CFUs, colony forming units
01:53:10of bacteria, per square inch living on their surface.
01:53:14The rich texture keeps cups of soda from sliding off the table, also creating tiny mountain
01:53:19ranges where the microbes attach themselves.
01:53:23Sugary sodas and juices that spill onto tray tables throughout flights give bacteria the
01:53:28perfect environment to stay and feed.
01:53:31Bacteria love living on this plastic almost as much as human skin.
01:53:35And there are lots of microbes that your tray catches and holds onto, especially when they're
01:53:40not thoroughly cleaned.
01:53:42Much like air vents that are always fiddled with, seat belt buckles are probably the most
01:53:46touched thing on any aircraft.
01:53:49The average buckle can contain nearly 1,000 colony forming units of bacteria per square
01:53:54inch on it at all times.
01:53:56Passengers touch seat belt buckles to go to the bathroom.
01:53:59Even after washing their hands, people will walk down the aisle touching all the head
01:54:03rests for balance to get to their seat.
01:54:06After settling in and buckling up, most will then touch their face, eyes, phone, and even
01:54:11food for the rest of the trip.
01:54:14Airports can be big virus spreaders, but they're cleaned constantly.
01:54:18The same cannot be said for the subway, buses, or even taxis.
01:54:23Subway door handles, luggage carts, chairs, seats, and poles are very rarely cleaned and
01:54:28are a breeding ground for all sorts of nasties.
01:54:31New York City's subway system is one of the dirtiest in the world, with a mind-boggling
01:54:362 million bacteria colonies per square inch on nearly every surface.
01:54:41Many of these have still yet to be identified.
01:54:43They're that rare.
01:54:45It goes with you everywhere, sometimes even into the bathroom.
01:54:48As a result, cell phones could be up to 10 times dirtier than any toilet seat.
01:54:54E. coli, the bacteria that can give stomach cramps and fevers, can live for hours on warm
01:54:59surfaces like phones.
01:55:01The best solution?
01:55:02Wash your hands thoroughly before touching phones, and make sure that phone gets a good
01:55:06wipe down with a disinfectant.
01:55:08Most people have a smartphone by them day and night, meaning that all the bacteria picked
01:55:13up during the day is transferred to them.
01:55:16Everyone touches their remote control at some point, but it isn't even thought of when
01:55:20cleaning the house.
01:55:21Dirt falls to the floor, or gets into the side of the sofa, a warm, dark home for mold
01:55:26and bacteria, where there are lots of crumbs and grime.
01:55:30A good clean with an antibacterial wipe every so often will help keep it shiny and germ-free.
01:55:36Blowing out candles on a birthday cake can expel a mist of saliva that always lands on
01:55:42the birthday cake frosting.
01:55:43This can lead to some very unhappy birthday parties if someone is sick.
01:55:48Sometimes it's better to skip the candles altogether, or accept the risk that every
01:55:53day is someone's birthday celebration, and a little bit of spit won't always hurt you.
01:55:58A single ATM gets touched by hundreds of people in a day.
01:56:02The chances that at least one of those people touching the buttons is sick and freely spreading
01:56:06the flu or cold is naturally quite high then.
01:56:09The flu, for example, can live up to two days on objects.
01:56:13It can even be days after someone has recovered from that virus that it'd still be active
01:56:17and spreadable.
01:56:18ATMs are cleaned, but not all the time.
01:56:21It would be impossible to service every single one in a major city daily.
01:56:26A single dollar bill can be home to thousands of different kinds of bacteria, including
01:56:31the usual suspects, like E. coli, staph, and a bacterium that causes acne breakouts.
01:56:37Paper money can reportedly carry more germs than a household toilet.
01:56:41And bills are a hospitable environment for gross microbes.
01:56:45The smaller in value of the bill, the dirtier it will be because it's in circulation more.
01:56:51Money can't be cleaned like a lot of things, but taking it to a bank for new, hopefully
01:56:56cleaner bills is possible.
01:56:58Use hand sanitizer and wash your hands after handling money too, just in case.
01:57:04Grocery store shopping carts can have more bacteria on them than what's ever been found
01:57:08in public restrooms.
01:57:10That includes toilet seats and the flushing handles.
01:57:13Clean wipe dispensers have been appearing at many major grocery chains, and some stores
01:57:17even go the extra mile to clean them after the day's through.
01:57:21But these simply aren't enough to keep up with the petri dish that the handles are.
01:57:26With over 100,000 bacteria per square inch, it's nearly impossible to keep them clean.
01:57:31Toothbrush holders hold onto moisture and are rarely cleaned, making them one of the
01:57:36dirtiest things in our homes.
01:57:38It can be filled with salmonella, E. coli, and lots of mold over time when it's not
01:57:43getting cleaned regularly.
01:57:45Wash your toothbrush holder in hot, soapy water every week to minimize the chances of
01:57:50getting sick.
01:57:52Toothbrushes should be changed every three to four months for a very good reason.
01:57:55It takes a while for the toothbrush to dry.
01:57:58This creates the perfect home for mold and fungus to spread and grow.
01:58:02There can be more than 600 different kinds of bacteria living inside of your mouth.
01:58:07A kiss alone can transfer about 80 million bacteria from one mouth to another.
01:58:13A good brushing routine will have around 1,000 to 100,000 bacteria living on each tooth's
01:58:19surface.
01:58:20But for those that don't brush, bacteria can be up to 100 million or 1 billion bacteria
01:58:26on each tooth.
01:58:27The dirtiest thing in our home can only be one thing, the kitchen sponge.
01:58:32It's wet, absorbent, and food and dirt are rubbed into it all the time.
01:58:37Then we wipe down our kitchen tops just to spread all that grubbiness around some more.
01:58:42Sponges are very hard to keep clean.
01:58:44The best way to keep things sanitary is to replace it when it starts to smell bad.
01:58:49It's no surprise that if the sponges are filthy, then sinks are too.
01:58:54Rinsed fruit, vegetables, prepared raw meat, and dishes needing cleaning all make their
01:58:59way to the kitchen sink.
01:59:00This creates an extremely high breeding ground for E. coli, salmonella, and many other gross
01:59:05things.
01:59:06They'll stick to the sides and drain holes and grow like crazy.
01:59:11Clean sinks before and after each use, and make sure to keep them as dry as possible
01:59:15to prevent any mold growth as well.
01:59:18Restaurant menus and condiment dispensers aren't cleaned nearly as often as they should
01:59:21be.
01:59:22If someone with a cold was using the condiments right before you, this greatly increases the
01:59:27chance of the cold-causing bacteria being on your hands and then your fries.
01:59:33Menus are rarely washed with disinfectants after each use.
01:59:36Customers have been touching quite a few things like chairs, tables, their faces, or hair
01:59:41before they give the menus back.
01:59:44Dog toys need to be cleaned regularly to prevent any bacteria or mold growth from spreading
01:59:48too much.
01:59:49Each time a dog slobbers on a toy, they don't just transfer their mouth bacteria.
01:59:53They've created a sticky, wet place for other germs to live on.
01:59:57There's no way of telling just what their favorite plaything has picked up around the
02:00:01house or yard.
02:00:03Purses and bags could have more bacteria than we really considered.
02:00:07They're regularly placed on dirty floors, bathroom floors, countertops, and out on the
02:00:12street.
02:00:13This exposes them to all sorts of germs, like salmonella, E. coli, mold, and fungus, all
02:00:19the time.
02:00:21Alcohol wipes are very good to carry around in your purse or bag to give them a good wipe
02:00:25down when needed.
02:00:27Drinking fountains are a cesspool of bacteria and germs.
02:00:31Over 2 million bacteria per square inch can be found on the fountains' faucets alone.
02:00:36As they get wet and touched by hundreds of hands, the bacteria and mold begin to grow.
02:00:42If someone has coughed or sneezed near it recently, those particles will cling onto
02:00:46the water.
02:00:47This creates a higher chance of the next person drinking from it catching something.
02:00:54That's it for today!
02:00:55So hey, if you pacified your curiosity, then give the video a like and share it with your
02:00:59friends!
02:01:00And if you want more, just click on these videos and stay on the Bright Side!

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