Alors, écoute ça—les scientifiques viennent de lâcher une nouvelle incroyable dans la revue Nature. Le noyau interne de la Terre, cette boule solide et super chaude au cœur de notre planète, pourrait en fait s'arrêter de tourner d'ici environ 15 ans. Oui, tu as bien lu! Les chercheurs ont suivi les ondes sismiques et ont découvert que le noyau, qui tournait d'ouest en est, a soudainement cessé vers 2009-2010. Maintenant, il se déplace lentement dans la direction opposée, et d'ici 2040, il pourrait s'arrêter complètement avant de basculer et de s'aligner à nouveau avec la rotation de la Terre. Cela pourrait perturber notre champ magnétique, donc oui… c'est un peu une grosse affaire. Animation créée par Sympa.
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FunTranscript
00:01In February 2025,
00:03scientists discovered something
00:05about the inside of our planet.
00:08We have long been thinking
00:09that the inner space of the Earth
00:10was a solid and stable space.
00:12But the reality could be different
00:15and a little bit different.
00:16A recent study suggests
00:18that the surface of the inner space
00:19could be in charge of
00:21structural transformations
00:22at this moment.
00:26The researchers of the University of California
00:28have analyzed several decades
00:30of seismic data
00:31and have discovered
00:32that the surface of the internal space
00:34seems to deform
00:35under the influence of the external space.
00:37It is the first time
00:38that we observe such changes
00:40and it could explain
00:41some of the most strange features
00:43of the rotation of the internal space.
00:46It could even be
00:47that this phenomenon
00:48influence the days of the Earth.
00:51The internal space of our planet,
00:53located around 5000 km
00:54under the surface,
00:55is traditionally described
00:57as a solid surface
00:58and nickel.
01:00However,
01:01the new data show
01:02that its exterior
01:03could be more malléable
01:04than we thought
01:05that we thought
01:06this discovery
01:07was made
01:08thanks to the analysis
01:09of the seismic
01:10from the repetitions
01:11of repetitions
01:12across the island of Sandwich
01:13in the south.
01:14The researchers
01:15have used
01:16the resolution techniques
01:17to improve
01:18these seismic signals
01:19and they have been able
01:20to observe
01:21the anomalies
01:22in the ondes
01:23which led them
01:24to a significant conclusion
01:25of the surface
01:26of the internal space.
01:27And these
01:28could be caused
01:29by violent interactions
01:30with the external space
01:31with the external space
01:32in fusion.
01:33The external space
01:34is also composed
01:35of copper and nickel
01:36but liquid
01:37is a very important role
01:38that generates
01:39the magnetic field
01:40magnetic field.
01:41Auparavant,
01:42we didn't really understand
01:43its impact
01:44on the internal space.
01:45But now,
01:46we think
01:47that the turbulence
01:48of the external space
01:49perturb the surface
01:50of the internal space
01:51of the internal space.
01:52And this could cause
01:53some changes
01:54in its shape.
01:55It is possible
01:56that these perturbations
01:57explain the progress
01:58of the rotation
01:59of the internal space
02:00of the rotation
02:01of the internal space.
02:02The scientists
02:03observe it since 2010.
02:04In the surface,
02:05we are not able
02:06to perceive these changes.
02:08But they could have
02:09an influence
02:10on the global rotation
02:11of the Earth
02:12as well as
02:13on the duration
02:14of the day.
02:15This important study
02:16can help us
02:17to better understand
02:18what is happening
02:19at the heart of our planet.
02:20How the internal space
02:21and external space
02:22interagis
02:23and how it affects
02:24the magnetic field
02:25and the movement
02:26of the Earth.
02:27Of course,
02:28the direct observation
02:29directs
02:30is impossible.
02:31That's why
02:32scientists use
02:33the indirect methods
02:34like the analysis
02:35of the seismic
02:36analysis.
02:37Thanks to these methods,
02:38we are able to
02:39deduce the structure
02:40and the composition
02:41of the way.
02:42As long as they
02:43traverse the different couches,
02:44they are deviated
02:45or freined.
02:46And this gives us
02:47indices on the nature
02:48of the earth.
02:50We also do
02:51experiments in laboratory.
02:52There,
02:53researchers
02:54reproduisent
02:55the pressures
02:56and extreme temperatures
02:57that we find
02:58in the noyau
02:59to study the behavior
03:00of the fer-nickels.
03:01They use
03:02sophisticated instruments
03:03such as
03:04the cellules
03:05of the diamond.
03:06They allow them
03:07to study these extreme conditions.
03:08Then,
03:09there is the study
03:10of the meteorites.
03:11The fact is
03:12that some of them
03:13come from
03:14asteroids
03:15have a similar
03:16to the Earth.
03:17Their composition
03:18chemical
03:19gives us
03:20some of the elements
03:21present in the
03:22depths of the Earth.
03:23The scientists
03:24also create
03:25models
03:26numeric models.
03:27In combination
03:28seismic,
03:29experimental
03:30and geochimic,
03:31they are able
03:32to simulate
03:33the internal dynamics
03:34of the Earth.
03:36But
03:37what would happen
03:38if the Earth
03:39suddenly
03:40would turn?
03:41We don't know
03:42anything,
03:43but we can do
03:44if only
03:45the internal
03:46solide
03:47would stop
03:48the answer
03:49is
03:50not
03:51anything.
03:52If it
03:53does not
03:54only
03:55its movement,
03:56the speed of
03:57rotation
03:58of the Earth
03:59will be
04:00the main consequences.
04:01Our days
04:02would become more long.
04:03With the time,
04:04it could
04:05reduce the magnetic
04:06of the planet.
04:07Which would be a bad
04:08news,
04:09but not as
04:10catastrophic
04:11if it was
04:12the external
04:13network
04:14that would turn.
04:15There,
04:16things become really serious.
04:17Without the rotation
04:18of the external network,
04:19the Earth would lose
04:20completely
04:21its magnetic field
04:22and the loss of this
04:23connector
04:24would cause a reaction
04:25in a disaster.
04:26First of all,
04:27the tectonic
04:28would start to enter
04:29in collision
04:30in a chaotic way.
04:31Imagine you
04:32in a bus
04:33at the moment
04:34when the conductor
04:35frees brusquement.
04:36You are projected
04:37against the other
04:38passengers
04:39or on the ground.
04:40but with the
04:41tectonic plates.
04:42These violent collisions
04:43would cause huge
04:44tremblements
04:45of Earth
04:46everywhere
04:47where the plates are
04:48destroyed,
04:49buildings,
04:50roads,
04:51and routes.
04:52The systems
04:53distribution
04:54and electricity
04:55would be destroyed
04:56immediately.
04:57And this would be the beginning
04:58that...
04:59Without the magnetic field,
05:01the cosmic radiation
05:02would start to hit
05:03the surface of the Earth.
05:04These particles
05:05at high energy
05:06from the Earth
05:07from the Earth
05:08with the oxygen
05:09and the azote
05:10of our atmosphere,
05:11damaging the ozone layer.
05:13And even more radiation
05:14would reach the surface
05:15of the Earth
05:16causing enormous damage.
05:17All electronics
05:19would fall
05:20in a pan,
05:21the electric networks
05:22would fall
05:23and the communication systems
05:24would be cut.
05:25But the consequences
05:27would not only be
05:28human beings.
05:29All forms of life
05:30would be in danger.
05:31Of course,
05:32many animals
05:33like the migrate
05:34and the tortoise
05:35s'orient
05:36thanks to the Earth
05:37magnetic field.
05:38Without him,
05:39they would be completely
05:40lost.
05:41They would never find
05:42their path
05:43and the tortoise
05:44would be incapable
05:45of knowing
05:46where they are
05:47where they are
05:48in their fields.
05:49Unfortunately,
05:50we have no worries
05:51to have for the moment.
05:52It is very little
05:53probable
05:54that the external
05:55of the Earth
05:56will never stop
05:57from us
05:58so we are
05:59in security
06:00from this side.
06:01But to really
06:02understand the Earth
06:03we need to go
06:04to 6 440 km
06:05below the surface.
06:07Our planet
06:08has four couches
06:09principales
06:10from the center
06:12to the surface
06:13the noyau
06:14interne
06:15the noyau
06:16externe
06:17the manteau
06:18and the croûte.
06:19Except for the croûte
06:20no one has ever
06:21explored these couches
06:22more deep
06:23in person.
06:24We have managed
06:25to be able to
06:26a large depth
06:27of 12 km
06:28and that took us
06:2920 years.
06:31At the center
06:32even of the Earth
06:33is the internal
06:34one metal
06:35solid
06:36of about 1220 km
06:37of rayons
06:38so about
06:39three quarters
06:40of the size
06:41of the Moon.
06:42It is between
06:436400 and 5200 km
06:44below the surface.
06:47Composed mainly
06:48of fer
06:49and nickel
06:50this noyau
06:51is incredibly dense.
06:52It turns
06:53a bit slower
06:54than the rest
06:55and is extremely
06:56hot
06:57atteignant
06:58a temperature
06:59of 5400 degrees
07:00Celsius
07:01like at the surface
07:02of the Sun.
07:03The pressure
07:04is more than
07:05three millions
07:06times higher
07:07than the pressure
07:08that we feel
07:09at the surface.
07:10Some research
07:11suggest even
07:12that there could be
07:13even more
07:14more small
07:15and more dense
07:16inside the interne
07:17and it would be
07:18mainly made
07:19of fer.
07:20The external
07:21is also
07:22composed of fer
07:23and nickel
07:24liquid.
07:25It is between
07:265200 and
07:271000 km
07:28below the surface.
07:29It is mainly
07:30the disintegration
07:31radioactive
07:32of elements
07:33like uranium
07:34and thorium
07:35which cause
07:36a brassage
07:37of liquid,
07:38massive
07:39and turbulent
07:40electricity
07:41which created
07:42さ
07:56an
07:57The manteau is the deepest surface surface of the earth,
07:59with almost 3000 km of depth.
08:02It begins at about 30 km below the surface.
08:07Composé of fer, magnesium and silicium,
08:10it is dense, hot and semi-solid.
08:13Imagine, think of caramel mous.
08:16Like the external noyau, the manteau also circulates,
08:19but it moves much more slowly.
08:22Plus près de la bordure supérieure du manteau,
08:25entre 100 et 200 km sous terre,
08:28la chaleur est si intense qu'elle fait fondre la roche.
08:31Il en résulte une couche partiellement fondue,
08:34que l'on appelle l'asténosphère.
08:36Les géologues pensent que cette couche molle, chaude et glissante
08:40est ce qui permet aux plaques tectoniques de la terre de se déplacer.
08:44Certains des diamants que nous trouvons sur terre proviennent du manteau.
08:48La plupart d'entre eux se forment à des profondeurs supérieures à 200 km.
08:53Mais des diamants super profonds, beaucoup plus rares,
08:57peuvent se former à une profondeur de 700 km.
09:01C'est la kimberlite, une roche volcanique riche en magnésium,
09:06qui ramène ces diamants à la surface.
09:08La partie la plus externe du manteau, plus froide et plus rigide,
09:12se comporte davantage comme la croûte qui la recouvre.
09:15Ensemble, ces deux couches forment la lithosphère.
09:18Quant à la croûte elle-même, c'est la couche la plus externe de la Terre.
09:21Elle fait environ 40 km de profondeur
09:23et ne constitue qu'un pour cent de la masse de notre planète.
09:26Et pourtant, elle abrite toute la vie connue dans l'univers.
09:30C'est un peu plus grand vu de l'univers.
09:32C'est un peu plus grand vu de l'univers.
09:34Mais je rencontre ces deux철ées,
09:36qu'ils se frentaient les plus grands dont on a pas vu dans l'université,
09:38mais je me disait,
09:39mais je l'en suis-en.
09:40Même si je prends la croûte,
09:42mais je suis connu sur le domaine,
09:44il faut que tu lois dans l'université.
09:46Les deux soupes,
09:47je suis condensée,
09:48on a des ét門 des premiers.