偉人・敗北からの教訓 2025年3月15日 第84回「田沼意次・商業重視の経済政策の果て」
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00:00Although it was a coincidental victory, all the defeats were inevitable.
00:07How did the foreigners, who had colored the history of Japan, lose?
00:13What kind of causes and mistakes were behind them?
00:18This time, we will take a look at the defeat of Kanuma Okitsugu,
00:23who had enormous power in the mid-Edo period.
00:28By bold commercial policies, he reclaimed the wealth of the Waku.
00:34But he was defeated.
00:37Why did the Ratsuan politician, who built the Tanuma period,
00:41lose everything, including his position and honor?
00:46The philosophy of life learned from the failures of the defeated.
00:53The Lessons from the Defeat of the Foreigners
01:02What do we learn from the failures of the foreigners in history?
01:09I'm Yuri Nakanishi, voice of Shinko,
01:14and I'm Jun Ito, a historian.
01:17Nice to meet you.
01:20This year's Taiga drama is also very exciting.
01:24In the middle of the Edo period,
01:27there are many different dramas from the Sengoku period and the end of the Waku.
01:32In the middle of the Edo period,
01:35there are not many dramatic developments,
01:38and people tend to have a boring image.
01:41But in fact, there is a political game that is not as interesting as in other periods.
01:46This time, I would like to focus on the failure of the old beast, Tanuma Okitsugu,
01:52who is also a hot topic in the Taiga drama.
01:56Speaking of Tanuma Okitsugu,
01:59he has a strong image of being a Japanese-style politician,
02:03but it seems that he has changed a little recently.
02:06The image of Tanuma Okitsugu before was that he was a Japanese-style politician
02:11with a strong image of being a politician who did not like gold and silver.
02:15However, in the middle of the Edo period,
02:18the image of Tanuma Okitsugu has changed a little.
02:21In the middle of the Edo period,
02:24the image of Tanuma Okitsugu has changed a little.
02:27That's right.
02:29This time, we will look for lessons to live tomorrow
02:32while remembering the defeat of Tanuma Okitsugu.
02:35First, let's take a look at the life of Tanuma Okitsugu.
02:39Please take a look.
02:42Tanuma Okitsugu, who has been criticized as a wild politician,
02:47was born in Edo as the son of Tanuma Okiyuki,
02:51who was born in Hatamoto in 1719.
02:57Okitsugu, who was appointed as the next general candidate,
03:01Tokugawa Ieshige, in his youth,
03:04was appointed as the 9th general,
03:07and he became a member of the Osoba family.
03:10He became involved in the development of the country,
03:13and became the head of the Osoba family.
03:19Even after the 10th general, Ieharu, became the head of the Osoba family,
03:23Okitsugu was still appointed as the head of the Osoba family,
03:26and he became the head of the Osoba family.
03:29He became more and more successful as he grew older,
03:32and he gained great power.
03:38What Okitsugu did was to
03:40create an innovative economic policy to reduce the financial difficulties of the Waku.
03:48He recruited shareholders by merchants,
03:51and instead of recognizing the exclusive right of business,
03:54he took out taxes,
03:56and gained new resources from outside of Nengumai.
04:05In addition, he distributed the Nishugin of Nanyo,
04:08and introduced the idea of unifying the households of the whole country,
04:13and brought about the Hague era, known as the Tanuma era.
04:20However, in 1782,
04:23a great natural disaster occurred,
04:26and Okitsugu, who was in power, was struck by a strong wind.
04:36In addition, in 1786,
04:39General Ieharu, who was the greatest scholar, died,
04:43and Okitsugu, who was isolated, committed suicide.
04:47The following year, he was executed.
04:54It was the moment of Okitsugu's defeat.
04:59Even though Okitsugu was disqualified,
05:02he was severely punished,
05:04as he was accused of being a criminal,
05:07and his land was confiscated.
05:12And soon, he passed away.
05:18Okitsugu rebuilt the Waku,
05:21but why did he lose everything in such a short period of time?
05:28This time, we will look at the loss of Okitsugu Tanuma,
05:31who fell from his throne at once.
05:37Now, let's look back at the main events of Okitsugu Tanuma's life.
05:42First of all, Okitsugu Tanuma, the Tanuma family,
05:45is said to have been the heiress of Yoshimune from the Kishu Hanshu era.
05:49However, Okitsugu's father, Okiyuki,
05:52was found by Yoshimune, who was still in his room,
05:55and was executed.
05:57This is the beginning of the Tanuma family.
06:00Even though Yoshimune was still in his room,
06:03he was executed.
06:05Okiyuki was exiled from the Kishu Hanshu era
06:08and was given 600 land titles.
06:12Okitsugu was the eldest son of Okiyuki.
06:15When Okitsugu was 14 years old,
06:18he went to Yoshimune to pay his respects.
06:22At that time, there were 20 people
06:25from the second generation of Kishu Hanshu
06:28who paid their respects to Yoshimune.
06:31So, Yoshimune was not treated specially from the beginning.
06:35Yoshimune was 16 years old when he was executed.
06:38At that time, three out of the 20 people
06:41were executed.
06:44In other words, Okitsugu was executed
06:47at the beginning of the Kishu Hanshu era.
06:50Okitsugu was designated as the leader
06:53of the Kishu Hanshu family.
06:56In that sense, Okitsugu won the competition.
06:59It was because Yoshimune and Iesugi
07:02had strong trust in Yoshimune that Okitsugu
07:05was able to succeed in the competition.
07:08Okitsugu ascended to the throne of 57,000
07:11Okitsugu had a strong reputation as an old man
07:14of Yoshimune prefecture.
07:17He had excellent economic sense
07:20and communication ability.
07:23Please take a look at this.
07:26Okitsugu has been described
07:29as a great politician.
07:32It is thought that this image
07:35was actually created by Kosei.
07:42In the Edo period,
07:45prostitution was prohibited on the surface,
07:48but it was widely recognized
07:51as the pure oil of human relations.
07:55The person who was a member of the prostitution politics
07:58was Sadanobu Matsudaira,
08:01the founder of the Kansei no Kaikaku,
08:04who took over the government after Okitsugu.
08:08Mr. Oishi, who is familiar with the politics of the Edo period,
08:11said this.
08:14The Sadanobu administration
08:17spread the information widely
08:20and emphasized Tanuma's prostitution as evil.
08:23This has been going on for a long time.
08:26The Meiji elementary school textbooks
08:29said that Tanuma was a bad politician.
08:32Sadanobu Matsudaira corrected that.
08:36What kind of person was Tanuma Okitsugu?
08:39A portrait of him in his 40s
08:42was left in Makinohara City,
08:45Shizuoka Prefecture.
08:49This is a portrait of Tanuma Okitsugu.
08:52He was a prostitute politician,
08:55so he had a very evil face.
08:58This is a portrait of Tanuma Okitsugu.
09:01This is a portrait of Tanuma Okitsugu.
09:04I think it has an image of a bad person.
09:07But when you look at this portrait,
09:10it is a modern portrait
09:13that gives the impression of a pervert.
09:19There is a legend of Okitsugu's handsome face.
09:26Every year, in the spring,
09:29the ladies of Ooku-ji, Edo-jo,
09:32would paint a picture of their faces
09:35and throw it on the floor.
09:47But one year,
09:50when Okitsugu came,
09:53the ladies forgot about it and fell in love with him.
09:57Okitsugu was fascinated by Ooku-ji
10:00with his sweet mask.
10:03He was also a popular politician.
10:07He became a famous figure
10:10from the Hato-moto of 600 countries
10:13to the Rouju-ni of 57,000 countries.
10:18He rose to the position of Rouju-ni
10:21in charge of the students
10:25and he was the only Okitsugu
10:28in the long period of Edo period.
10:34Why did Okitsugu
10:37become a famous figure?
10:40The reason is that he was favored
10:43by the former Shogun.
10:47The former Shogun,
10:50who was 17 years old,
10:53had great trust in Okitsugu.
10:59Mr. Sekine, who studied Okitsugu
11:02for 30 years,
11:08said that there was a special relationship
11:11between Okitsugu and Ieshige.
11:14Why did Okitsugu become a famous figure?
11:20As you know, Ieshige was a
11:23physically challenged person
11:26and his language was unclear.
11:29The only one who could understand
11:32his language was Okatadamitsu,
11:35a senior of Okitsugu.
11:38At that time, only Okatadamitsu
11:41could understand Tanuma Okitsugu.
11:44Moreover, Tanuma Okitsugu
11:47had a political sense,
11:50so Ieshige could give him
11:53a lot of advice.
11:56Okitsugu had a great trust in Ieshige
11:59and he trusted him wholeheartedly.
12:04Okitsugu had a great chance
12:07to become famous.
12:11So Okitsugu was asked to
12:14give a trial on the Gujo-han.
12:18In addition to the Gujo-han,
12:21Okitsugu was asked to give a trial
12:24on the Bakufu Jushin-tachi.
12:27Okitsugu didn't have a choice
12:30but to punish the elderly
12:33and the young.
12:41Okitsugu was praised as
12:44a man of invention
12:47for his brilliant judgment.
12:54Ieshige, who had been
12:57using Okitsugu all his life,
13:00said this about Okitsugu
13:03just before he died.
13:06He was a man of great integrity.
13:09He should have been served
13:12with a heart of gold.
13:15He was a man of integrity
13:18and an honest man.
13:21I think it was a great honor
13:24for the Shogun to use this word
13:27for his vassal.
13:30It was all thanks to Okitsugu
13:34After Ieshige died,
13:37Okitsugu became the Shogun.
13:40Since the beginning of the Bakufu,
13:43Okitsugu has been in charge
13:46of the Shogun.
13:49He was in charge of both
13:52the Shogun's top servant, Sobayounin,
13:55and the student's top servant, Rouju.
13:59Originally, Sobayounin was supposed
14:02to be in charge of Rouju,
14:05but he was the only one in charge.
14:08Sobayounin was in charge of Rouju,
14:11so Okitsugu might have been
14:14a little out of control.
14:19Okitsugu was a man of great integrity,
14:22but the Shogun's jealousy
14:25for Okitsugu was growing.
14:30Okitsugu was about to start
14:33a great reform of the Bakufu.
14:38At that time, the Bakufu's financial situation
14:41was in a dire strait.
14:44Under the Kinshuku policy,
14:47the financial crisis could not be solved,
14:50and the rural area was devastated
14:53and the society was at its limit.
15:00So what was Okitsugu's
15:03revolutionary policy?
15:24At that time, the tax system was at its limit,
15:27and the tax system was at its limit,
15:30and the tax system was at its limit,
15:33Okitsugu's policy was...
15:36I asked Mr. Okada,
15:39an economic critic,
15:42who has a book called
15:45The Economic Policy of the Tokugawa Bakufu.
15:48I asked Mr. Okada,
15:51who has a book called
15:54The Economic Policy of the Tokugawa Bakufu.
15:58Okitsugu's policy was to
16:01make the Bakufu's income
16:04through the economy of the people.
16:09Okitsugu's policy 1.
16:12The funeral of the Kabunakama.
16:15The first thing that caught the eye
16:18was the small businessmen who had been
16:21neglected by the farmers.
16:24They formed the Kabunakama
16:27of the same businessmen,
16:30and instead of recognizing
16:33the exclusive right of business,
16:36they gave them a pension.
16:402. The unification of the farmers.
16:432. The unification of the farmers.
16:46The farmers who had been neglected
16:49were divided into the Kinto,
16:52which was centered in Edo,
16:55and the Gin, which was centered in Osaka.
16:58So what Okitsugu came up with was...
17:01This is the silversmith
17:04called Nanryo Nishugin,
17:07which was minted by Okitsugu Tanuma.
17:10The letters are written here.
17:13Nanryo, Hachihen, or Hachihira,
17:16can be exchanged for
17:19Koban Ichiryo.
17:26These 8 silver pieces
17:29can be exchanged for 1 Koban.
17:33Okitsugu created
17:36a revolutionary currency
17:39that unified the western economy.
17:44He also planned
17:47trade with Russia
17:50and worked on the development of the Edo area.
17:55This is how Okitsugu evaluated
17:58his ideas.
18:01Yoshimune and Sadanobu
18:04realized that it was important
18:07for people to be able to
18:10understand each other's ideas.
18:13It was interesting to see
18:16Tanuma break that tradition.
18:21Okitsugu did not boast
18:24of his great power.
18:30He did not care about status
18:33or honor for those who visited his mansion.
18:36Instead, he would joke about
18:39how he was the most popular
18:42among all the people.
18:51I wish I could be
18:54the Minister of Finance.
19:00Okitsugu was one of the
19:03most important figures
19:06in the Edo period.
19:09In the middle of the Edo period,
19:12Kansai and Kanto were
19:15rich in gold and silver.
19:18When trading in the east and west,
19:21people had to trade in both directions.
19:24The gold and silver exchanges
19:27would fluctuate, so merchants
19:30would look at the movement of the exchanges
19:33Is there a difference between
19:36the euro and the dollar?
19:39Okitsugu realized that
19:42the economy was stagnant.
19:45He wanted to break the foundation
19:48of the east and west, and stabilize the market.
19:51The Kabunakama system,
19:54the exchange of gold and silver,
19:57and the export-export strategy
20:00contributed to his wealth.
20:03In the first half of the Edo period,
20:06Okitsugu had more than 3 million takoyaki.
20:09This was a huge achievement for Okitsugu.
20:12Yes, it was.
20:15It seems like Okitsugu was
20:18trying to save money
20:21and protect the economy.
20:24But Okitsugu's reform was aggressive.
20:27He was a genius.
20:30Was there anything else?
20:33There was a venture capital group
20:36called Kanjosho.
20:39It's not a name,
20:42but it's like Yuto now.
20:45They wanted to invest in
20:48all kinds of venture capital.
20:51They were called Yamashi.
20:54Yamashi has a bad connotation.
20:57Yes, it's like a gambler.
21:00But it wasn't like that at the time.
21:03It was more like a company.
21:06One of the Yamashi was
21:09Hiragana Gennai, famous for
21:12the restoration of Erikiteru.
21:15Yamashi was famous for
21:18the Tanuma policy.
21:21It was a new development for Okitsugu.
21:24However, they misunderstood
21:27that Okitsugu was trying to
21:30increase the government's income.
21:33At the time, many people thought
21:36that rice was the only source of income.
21:39Okitsugu's activities were
21:42like a gamble.
21:45The economy of Okitsugu
21:49was influenced by the
21:52lifestyle of the Edo people.
21:55Yes, the Edo culture
21:58became more mature
22:01during the Tanuma period.
22:04During the Tanuma period,
22:07Kabuki, Yukio, Kyoka, and Gesaku
22:10were very popular.
22:13Not only that,
22:16but also the Japanese spirit
22:19was formed.
22:22The Japanese spirit was formed
22:25during the Tanuma period.
22:28The people were freed from the
22:31fear of the upper class.
22:34It's a great achievement.
22:37When things are going well,
22:40self-esteem and vigilance
22:43become weaker.
22:46Let's be careful not to
22:49fall into the hands of our rivals.
22:52Okitsugu got the position
22:55that everyone envied.
22:58However, the situation
23:01of losing the power
23:04will happen again and again.
23:07It's a countdown to failure.
23:10The free economic policy
23:13that broke the old system
23:16began to be distorted.
23:20It's great that the new merchants
23:23are breaking the rules and
23:26becoming freer.
23:29But at the same time,
23:32the gap is widening.
23:35We need to be more considerate
23:38of the people's needs.
23:44The people began to complain
23:47about Okitsugu,
23:50who brought the society to a standstill.
23:53The people were not the only ones
23:56who complained about Okitsugu.
23:59He monopolized power
24:02and took over the traditional
24:06The feudal lords
24:09and feudal lords
24:12were furious.
24:22In 1779,
24:25General Iemoto,
24:28the son of General Ieharu,
24:31suddenly fell ill and died.
24:36At that time,
24:39there was a rumor
24:42that Okitsugu killed Iemoto.
24:45Of course, it was not true.
24:49Okitsugu had no merit.
24:52He had a lot of people
24:55who were against Okitsugu.
24:58I think that was one of the evidences.
25:01I think the opposition was trying
25:04to spread fake news about Okitsugu.
25:09The opposition began to
25:11point their fangs at Okitsugu.
25:19As people's dissatisfaction increased,
25:22Japan was hit by a serious crisis.
25:26900,000 people were killed
25:29in Okitsugu.
25:32It was a great crisis.
25:36At that time,
25:39the local government thought
25:42that Okitsugu was doing a bad job.
25:45The Tanuma government criticized Okitsugu.
25:50However, Okitsugu could not
25:53deal with the crisis for a long time
25:56because he was a young man.
26:02In that chaos,
26:05Okitsugu appointed his son, Okitomo,
26:08as the head of the local government
26:11and a young man.
26:15He did not work as a parent
26:17for the local government
26:19or as a young man.
26:21He was more and more criticized
26:23for his power.
26:25Of course, the opposition knew
26:28that Okitsugu was doing that
26:31because he was a young man.
26:34However, Okitsugu thought that
26:37he could not continue his policy
26:40because he was a young man.
26:43He wanted to liberate Japan.
26:48Even if he was hated,
26:51he did not care
26:54because he was a young man.
26:58However, the violence caused a tragedy.
27:09Okitsugu's son, Okitomo,
27:12was assassinated in Edo Castle.
27:18The murderer was Masakoto Sano.
27:24The reason for the crime was
27:27the hatred of the Sano family.
27:32However,
27:34the public did not sympathize
27:37with the victim,
27:40and applauded Sano.
27:47There is a grave of Sano in Asakusa.
27:54This is the grave of Masakoto Sano.
28:00Masakoto Sano was called
28:03the Great Master Yonaoshi.
28:06At that time, many people came to visit him.
28:09The smoke of the flash never stopped.
28:13Immediately after the incident,
28:16the price of rice was reduced.
28:19Sano, who surrendered,
28:22was treated as a hero.
28:30The dissatisfaction with Tanuma politics
28:33was approaching its limit.
28:37In order to change the direction of the wind,
28:40the only way is to achieve great results in politics.
28:44A project to make it possible
28:48was the construction of Inba-Numa.
28:54If it succeeds,
28:57a vast temple will be built,
29:00and a large amount of rice will be brought to Edo
29:03by a cart.
29:07The completion was approaching.
29:10The construction of Inba-Numa was approaching.
29:16The construction of Inba-Numa was approaching.
29:19The construction of Inba-Numa was approaching.
29:27However,
29:30a great flood occurred just before the completion,
29:33and the dream was washed away.
29:37The flood was just one step away.
29:40I thought that if I could hold on to the situation,
29:43I could improve my political performance.
29:46I felt that the flood was a weakening.
29:55Meanwhile, General Ieharu
29:58collapsed and died suddenly.
30:01In response to this,
30:04Okitsugu was sentenced to death.
30:08At the same time,
30:11there was a rumor that Okitsugu
30:14poisoned the general.
30:18It is a rumor that the medicine
30:21that Okitsugu prescribed
30:24caused Ieharu to die.
30:28There is a letter
30:31that Okitsugu wrote
30:34with a cry of his heart.
30:40I will never forget
30:43what you did to me.
30:48There is also a rumor
30:51that Okitsugu was falsely accused
30:54of spreading fake news.
30:57Mr. Sasahara from Tokyo University
31:00of Science and Technology says this.
31:04Sometimes I tell the truth
31:07because I don't realize it.
31:10But sometimes I want to tell the truth
31:13even if I know it is a lie.
31:16I think that spreading fake news
31:19is not because I am deceived,
31:22but because I want to tell the truth.
31:25The information that Okitsugu was poisoned
31:28and assassinated by the general
31:31spread all over Edo.
31:34It caused great damage to Okitsugu.
31:37There are rumors that Okitsugu
31:40was accused of spreading fake news.
31:43But Okitsugu said that
31:46it was not his fault.
31:49Okitsugu wanted to continue his political career.
31:52That's why he sued Ienari,
31:55the 11th general.
31:59Okitsugu wanted to work for his father
32:02even though he was poisoned.
32:08There was a letter
32:11that Okitsugu wrote
32:14to the general's family.
32:19The rest of the Tanumahas
32:22started to work for Okitsugu.
32:28But...
32:35There was a huge shooting in Edo.
32:39The Tanumahas were killed
32:42and the experiment was handed over to the opposition.
32:45After that,
32:48Sadanobu Matsudaira
32:51became the leader.
32:55Sadanobu said that
32:58he would take full responsibility
33:01for Okitsugu's death.
33:04So he started to pursue Sadanobu.
33:10He went to Sagara castle
33:13and killed Okitsugu.
33:16The Tanumahas were sent to Shimogura, Mutsu.
33:22Okitsugu's political life
33:25was completely destroyed.
33:31Okitsugu was defeated.
33:37The huge shooting
33:40took away Okitsugu's power.
33:43There is a conspiracy theory
33:46that Okitsugu was led by the opposition.
33:52There was nothing Okitsugu could do.
33:58The reason for the defeat of the Tanumahas
34:01is that Okitsugu was sexually abused.
34:04But the real reason
34:07is that he was a free man
34:10and he was able to
34:13free himself from the economic system.
34:16And as a result of the economic system,
34:19the common people criticized Okitsugu's politics.
34:22They said he was bad-mouthing the government
34:25and he was a bad-mouther.
34:28That's how his life ended.
34:32Mr. Sekine believes that
34:35there was no consensus between
34:38Okitsugu and the upper class.
34:43In order for things to go well,
34:46you need to put the powerful
34:49and famous people on your side.
34:54You don't have to protest against them.
34:57You can say hello to them
35:00and ask them questions.
35:03But if you protest against them,
35:06you will be crushed.
35:11Okitsugu lost everything.
35:17Fake news and conspiracy theories
35:20are the words that make you feel
35:23like you're watching a modern news program.
35:26But Okitsugu lost a lot of things.
35:29Yes.
35:32He lost his political life
35:35because of fake news and conspiracy theories.
35:38You can say he was an unfortunate politician.
35:41Not only that,
35:44he was also a victim of natural disasters
35:47such as the Asamayama eruption,
35:50the Tenmei earthquake,
35:53and the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear disaster.
35:56If Okitomu was killed,
35:59people would sympathize with him.
36:02But Taiwan thought it was a waste of time.
36:05And when Masakoto killed Okitomu,
36:08he chased after him
36:11and cut his back many times.
36:14It was a power outage.
36:17There were many people around him.
36:20But he didn't try to suppress them.
36:23The people who were there
36:26let Masakoto kill Okitomu.
36:29Okitsugu, who was born in Japan,
36:32was hated by the people.
36:35He was envied and envied.
36:38I think we can say that
36:41the Tanuma policy was crushed
36:44by the envy of the people.
36:47But I don't think that was the case.
36:52Here is Jun Ito's point of view
36:55from a historian's point of view.
37:00For example,
37:03he was deposed in the end.
37:06But he was able to resign.
37:09He was able to avoid being hated by the people.
37:12He was able to avoid
37:15being hated by the people.
37:18I think there were many ways
37:21to avoid being deposed.
37:24I wonder why.
37:27Was Okitsugu a person
37:30who was not taken care of?
37:33Or was he a person
37:36who was too greedy?
37:39I think it was either.
37:42After too much success,
37:45there is always a reaction.
37:48There is a desire to envy success
37:51behind the smiles of the people.
37:56Okitsugu, who fell from the top of the planet,
37:59left a final message
38:02for his precious family.
38:05Please take a look.
38:09In 1787,
38:12Okitsugu's grandson was deposed
38:15in Mutsu-Shimomura.
38:18The remaining Sagara Castle
38:21was completely destroyed.
38:24Destroying the castle without leaving a trace
38:27is a vile act.
38:32This is not only the envy of the people,
38:35but also the denial of Okitsugu
38:38to stabilize the government
38:41of Sadanobu Mazudaira.
38:47Okitsugu soon fell ill
38:50and passed away.
38:53Okitsugu soon fell ill
38:56and passed away.
39:00What did Okitsugu think
39:03when he passed away?
39:06I think he died thinking
39:09that his life was happy
39:12because he was able to climb
39:15to the top of the world
39:18from a low-class family to a high-class family.
39:21Of course I regret it,
39:24but I think I had a sense of accomplishment
39:27when Okitsugu passed away.
39:30The real officials were from the time
39:33of Ieyasu in Edo.
39:36They came in from the middle
39:39and led the government.
39:42I think he had a sense of accomplishment
39:45when he passed away.
39:50Okitsugu's last words to his family.
39:57Don't be hostile to people
40:00who are close to you,
40:03and don't discriminate
40:06even if they are of low status.
40:09Okitsugu's philosophy of life
40:12broke the old rules
40:15and made new reforms
40:18while communicating with everyone.
40:22The late Mazudaira Sadanobu
40:25overturned Okitsugu's policy
40:28and entered the era of closure again.
40:35In the city of Edo,
40:38there was a song like this.
40:41Shirakawa no Kiyoki ni Uomo Sumikanete
40:46Moto no Nigori no Tanuma Koishiki
40:56I think Okitsugu's last words
40:59can be interpreted in many ways.
41:02You can hear it in his last words
41:05affirming his own way of life,
41:08and it's like saying,
41:11don't be like me.
41:15I think Okitsugu
41:18finally recovered.
41:21I don't think there was anyone
41:24who didn't say that.
41:27It is said that people left Okitsugu
41:30after Okitomo was killed.
41:33It was especially cruel
41:36when people in marriage
41:39abandoned their parents
41:42and abandoned Okitsugu's daughter and son.
41:45Iwatsuki, Yoita, and Yokosuka
41:48were the ones who abandoned their daughters.
41:51Iwatsuki, Yoita, and Yokosuka
41:54were the ones who abandoned their daughters.
41:57There was a time when
42:00all 64 people in the family
42:03were Okitsugu's relatives,
42:06but they were all cut off.
42:09It may be cruel,
42:12but in the era of peace,
42:15you couldn't fight with one spear.
42:18It was a very difficult time.
42:24What did Okitsugu do
42:27to prevent his own defeat?
42:30His allies left him.
42:33I think that's the key.
42:36I think he was reluctant to
42:39increase the number of allies.
42:42There were many people
42:45who left Okitsugu,
42:48but there were no allies.
42:51It was a big reason for his independence.
42:54Now, let's take a look at the lessons
42:57we should learn from Okitsugu's defeat.
43:00The first lesson is that
43:03you should not live too long.
43:06Okitsugu took over the authority
43:09of the Shogun
43:13and Okitomo, his son,
43:16was only 33 years old.
43:19Okitomo's job was to
43:22hold ceremonies and
43:25to promote the Shogun.
43:28Even though his father was
43:31the Shogun, Okitomo was not
43:34allowed to have his son.
43:37Two years later, Okitomo was
43:40deprived of the authority of the Shogun.
43:43Even though Okitomo was not
43:46jealous of Okitsugu,
43:49it was obvious that Okitomo was
43:52overdoing it.
43:55When greed and power
43:58cross a certain line,
44:01everyone around you becomes your enemy.
44:04If you are not satisfied,
44:07you will lose.
44:10This is the lesson we should learn from Okitsugu's defeat.
44:16Okitsugu's image has changed a lot.
44:19He left a lot of lessons for us.
44:22He left a lot of lessons for us.
44:25Next time, instead of Okitsugu,
44:28we will focus on the defeat of
44:31Sadanobu Matsudaira,
44:34who was the leader of the Shogunate.
44:37By comparing Sadanobu Matsudaira
44:40with Tanuma,
44:43we can see the difference in their
44:46policies and their feelings.
44:49Thank you for your time, Ito-san.
44:55Lessons from the Defeat of the Shogun.
44:58See you next time.