Mikroplastik gehört zu den schlimmsten Verschmutzern aller Ökosysteme und kann für alle Lebewesen schädlich sein. Wir schauen uns an, wie neue Vorschriften die Verschmutzung verringern könnten, die häufig beim Transport von Plastikpellets für die Herstellung größerer Produkte auftritt.
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00:00Musik
00:00Plastics are among the worst polluters to all ecosystems
00:17and microplastics are particularly concerning.
00:20They are from 5 mm down to microscopic levels
00:23and can be harmful to all life.
00:25Contamination of nature often happens during transport by land and sea
00:30of plastic pellets that are used to make larger products.
00:35At UDECODE we explain new regulation to reduce this pollution.
00:39Microplastics contaminate soil, which can harm agriculture.
00:44Spillage into waterways and the sea leads to ingestion by animals,
00:48including fish, which are then in turn eaten by humans.
00:52Pollution on beaches also negatively affects tourism.
00:56Recent shipping spills have occurred in northwest Spain, Galicia,
01:00and in the North Sea, affecting the Netherlands.
01:04Inadvertent consumption of microplastics can pose health issues,
01:08such as lower fertility and cancer, according to some scientific studies.
01:13Let's hear to what extent Europeans are aware and concerned about microplastic risks.
01:19I think the European Union could decide to use less plastic,
01:24as well as in the industry, as well as in our daily consumption,
01:27or even to try to sensitize more people in the EU countries.
01:34It's everywhere.
01:36Which, I mean, isn't brilliant,
01:38but I guess we don't really know what effects that will have long term.
01:41I believe that we're looking for a lot of people in the EU countries,
01:43because the spread of their spread is very long.
01:47I've heard that now they can be able to overcome a cell that we have in the brain,
01:52so they go through the circulation of our blood.
01:55They have even increased in the supply of health care.
01:58Euronews reporter Gregoire Lourie has been following this dossier.
02:02So what will be the new obligations for the companies that store plastic pallets
02:07and for those that transport them?
02:09The big companies that handle above 1,500 tons a year
02:13will have to get a certification by a third independent party.
02:17The small companies that still handle above 1,500 tons a year
02:22will have lighter obligations like one-off certification
02:26in the five years after the entering into force of the regulation.
02:30And you have the small companies that handle less than 1,500 tons a year,
02:36and the micro-enterprises, they will have to issue a self-declaration of conformity.
02:41And in practice, these companies have to do what?
02:44Train the people that work there, have more technical means when there is an accidental spillage?
02:49They will have to, indeed, because contamination can occur at different stages of the process.
02:54It can be the production, it can be the processing, the distribution.
02:56So they will have, indeed, to provide all this kind of staff training,
03:01organizing to make sure that they reduce pallets losses.
03:07Some non-governmental organizations were a bit critical,
03:11saying there are too many exemptions, too much delay to enter into force.
03:16What is at stake?
03:17For instance, NGOs argue that most of SMEs are actually representing the vast majority
03:25of making up the plastic supply chain,
03:30accounting for 98% in conversion and 97% in transport and storage.
03:37The maritime sector got an additional year for the transition,
03:42and NGOs argue that actually the vast majority of European vessels
03:47are already following the international recommendations.
03:51And finally, why will non-EU companies also be included in this regulation?
03:57So, pallets are very mobile.
04:00They can be dispersed by air, water, land.
04:03It can occur at all stages of the supply chain.
04:07And the highest risks are actually in the loading and unloading.
04:11So, the EU wants to make sure to get all the companies within the regulations.
04:17Each year, the equivalent of up to 7,300 truckloads of plastic pallets
04:22are lost to the environment.
04:25The new rules are expected to reduce plastic pallet losses by up to 74%.
04:30But plastic pallets rank third among the largest sources of microplastic release
04:34after paints and tires.
04:36Textiles and detergent capsules are other significant sources of this pollution.
04:42Let's talk more about this topic with one of the shadow operators for this regulation
04:47in the European Parliament, Spanish Socialist César Luena.
04:52How can we guarantee that companies apply these norms, especially those that do not belong to the European Union?
05:03Out of the territory of the European Union, we can't guarantee anything.
05:06But those outside companies that work, that operate within our territory,
05:11will have to have an authorized representative
05:14to explain how to comply with the European laws
05:17to every competent authority in the EU.
05:20So, if there is an accident or an accident,
05:25immediately we will see the company and we will have this representative authorized.
05:29Why does the maritime transport will have three years to comply with these norms,
05:34instead of two, like the other companies, when the contamination of the sea is so high?
05:39Well, because countries like, I can name them, no problem, like Chipre, like Grecia, like Malta, like Croatia,
05:49yes, they would ask for those three years because they would need more time.
05:52In other words, we decided that the Consejo,
05:54that the countries members would accept, for example,
05:57the proposal of the Parliament on the etiquette,
05:59that they would have the etiquette clearly where they describe the materials,
06:05and the dangers that they could have if they lose those materials,
06:08if they lose them, if they lose them, if they lose them, if they lose them, or if they lose them.
06:12For 2030, the Uniós should reduce the liberation of microplastics to the environment in a 30%.
06:19Are they evaluating adequately other sources of contamination to achieve that objective?
06:26Yes, I think that yes.
06:28All the proposed in the European Pacto Verde-European,
06:31from the policies of circular economy to the policies that talk about urban waste,
06:39of water, of paint, textiles, etc.
06:43So, if we apply what we had planned, we will arrive and we will be able to do it.
06:48But if we doubt about it and we will be able to do it in the extreme right direction, maybe not.
06:54The European Union has prohibited the plastics of one single use,
06:58and there are innovations such as biodegradable materials.
07:02But the European Union should not be more active in the promotion of alternatives to plastic for consumers?
07:08We have, on the one hand, the co-design regulations, the work in the Horizon Europe program,
07:15and a regulation that was reviewed in the past mandato,
07:18on the recycled materials and of a single use.
07:23I think that this set of three things should have a unique vision, a unique plan,
07:29and therefore, I think that we would be more effective.
07:33Violations of the new rules on storage and transport of plastic pellets could lead to fines above 3% of the company's turnover in the EU.
07:43The governments retained the initiative to initiate criminal proceedings in case of severe contamination.
07:50But the bigger challenge remains persuading people to use fewer plastics in our daily lives.
07:56If there are new rules, you can make sure there are more things that are appropriate for them to use.
07:58Even in a detailed way, you can make sure there are no barriers to the past and somebody may have put them in the past and the past.
07:59If there are no barriers there can be cut down.
08:01As per企画 the price, you can make sure there is no barriers to the past.
08:02Regardless of what you would be more effective in the future,
08:04the more Black people's vents, you can make sure there are no barriers to the past.
08:06That is the same rule for health to the past.
08:06And you can make sure there are no barriers to open the past.
08:08You can make sure there are no barriers to those making sure that you are about this.