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00:00adolf hitler is probably the most despised figure of all time he started the most destructive war
00:12in history and his perverse racial policies resulted in the deaths of millions and given
00:20the nazi regime's reliance on propaganda centered upon a carefully curated public image of the fuhrer
00:29when we think of him we imagine him somewhere like here addressing an adoring crowd of thousands
00:39but so much of the nazi regime's terrible legacy came from what went on behind closed doors in his
00:47private life in this episode i'll uncover the private life of adolf hitler i'll investigate
00:55the fuhrer's failed bid to become an artist by seeing some of his original paintings i'll tour
01:02the city of munich to find out where his political career got started and reveal the truth about
01:09hitler's shortcomings in the trouser department but one thing i think we can say for absolutely certain
01:16and that that was hitler was enormously abnormal how did hitler's troubled upbringing mold him
01:24into the man that he would become how did a personal passion for art and architecture fuel the worst
01:32excesses of the nazi regime why did most of his alleged lovers either attempt or commit suicide
01:40and what is the truth behind the tremendous self-belief that drove a down and out artist to become the
01:49the fuhrer of the third reich this is the private life of adolf hitler
02:04was born in a small town in austria called braunau am in he was one of only two of his parents
02:30his children to survive into adulthood his mother clara was incredibly warm and loving
02:36and positively doted on her only son his relationship with his father alois on the other hand
02:42was fraught with tension
02:47hitler embraced the idea that germany was what counted for all german-speaking people in europe
02:53hitler had no time for what he saw as the degenerate hapsburg monarchy in austria hitler's father
03:01was a small-time austrian official he sat in an office and he did paperwork and in his mind
03:08that was the noblest job there was hitler was having none of it hitler wanted to be an artist
03:14and hitler clashed deeply with his father over it but his father view was that hitler could not be an
03:19artist no not as long as i live their conflicts turned physical hitler's father would beat him
03:27and when his mother got in the way he most likely beat her too his father had been a brutal tyrannical
03:35man who tyrannized his entire family and beat adolf fairly regular basis
03:40but when hitler was just 13 years old alois died the conflict was at an end and hitler was now free to
03:52pursue his passions it was a liberation for him and i think that he felt freedom there's no love for
04:00hitler's father at all all his love such as it was was focused on his mother hitler was an incredibly
04:08lazy and arrogant student and he left school at 15 without any qualifications and he formed a
04:14friendship with a guy called august kubizek who was an upholsterer they would go on long walks together
04:20where kubizek often had to listen to hitler's grandstanding on politics together these young
04:26men lead a life which is very much a part of the time they spend time lounging around the cafes they
04:33talk about art and opera and books and they dream together
04:43the pair immersed themselves in the city's culture in particular their shared passion for wagner operas
04:51for hitler wagner's epic retellings of germany's glorious past struck a chord and it was this kind
04:58of past that hitler would go on to believe lay in germany's future hitler saw wagner as his muse
05:08he was obsessed by it he saw his first wagner production when he was age 12 lohengrin and he
05:13wrote in mein camp that from that moment on he was addicted he associated them with the myths of german
05:21history and they became entangled i think in his mind with what the german past was like and what
05:29the german future could be by the summer of 1907 hitler's mother had become seriously ill with breast
05:42cancer but despite this hitler moved to vienna to further his artistic ambitions and applied for a place
05:50at the prestigious vienna academy of arts to get a glimpse of hitler the artist i've come to an
05:57auction house in nuremberg to get a rare look at his original artworks
06:06wow so these are hitler's actual paintings that's incredible to see them
06:13he has different styles he painted with water color so this is a watercolor here yeah yeah this
06:21is a mixture watercolor and also used ink and this is painting in oil they're actually quite beautiful
06:32these rather pretty idyllic paintings are not at all what i was expecting of the man who would become the
06:39world's most infamous dictator do hitler's paintings come up for auction very often we sold 150 pictures
06:51wow so highest prices was 130 000 really gives me a sense of how differently things could have turned out if
07:02hitler had taken another path hitler's artistic dreams were shattered when the art academy stated that
07:13while he was good at drawing buildings he was not good enough at drawing people his application was
07:20declined hitler was utterly dejected little did the art academy know that this rejection would change history
07:33at the moment of his failure in vienna hitler received more bad news his mother's condition had
07:40drastically deteriorated he returned home where she was being cared for by a jewish doctor edward bloch
07:48but nothing could be done and as she died a distraught hitler sketched her to preserve a lasting impression
07:56hitler only loved one person in his entire life and that was his mother clara in fact the doctor said that in
08:07his long experience he'd never seen such a great love for anyone as hitler exhibited towards his mother
08:14after this series of setbacks hitler's mental health was deteriorating he had a total breakdown and he
08:28went into a downward spiral until he became a street urchin in vienna resentful of the world that had rejected
08:36him when hitler was first in vienna he was able to live a fine generous family allowance that was given
08:44to him but when that money ran out he effectively became a vagrant a tramp down and out and he spent a
08:51lot of time in shelters for male vagrants like himself they had dormitories so he didn't have much
08:58privacy and he made what little money he could through selling paintings or postcards and drawings often
09:06actually through jewish middlemen
09:13hitler failed to register for austria's compulsory military service as he was unwilling to fight for
09:20the state he vehemently detested so he had to get away before he got into trouble with the authorities
09:27he left for the place he'd always believed the future lay germany settling in munich
09:36he was in munich doing roughly what he had been doing in vienna drifting he was directionless he was
09:42waiting for something to happen and in august 1914 history obliged and something did happen
09:48when germany declared war on france he leapt at the chance to fight for the country he really believed
09:59in he was posted to the western front and it would be an experience that would shape him more than
10:04any other the first world war was a disaster for most people but for hitler it seems to have given him
10:12some sense of direction in life you know after years of being alone or a drifter a tramp that said
10:19though even though he had a regiment and he had human comrades the only object really of his affection
10:25seems to have been this stray dog called foxhole he was regarded as rather unusual he didn't take leave
10:32he didn't have any girlfriends or families who he wrote to constantly and he got extremely angry when
10:39disillusionment began to creep in and people said well we can't win this war he remained from first
10:44to last an ultra patriotic uber nationalist soldier who was fanatically against any idea that germany was
10:52not going to win the war but in october 1918 the war ended prematurely for hitler a gas attack saw him
11:03get a face full of mustard gas and he was evacuated to a military hospital near the polish border but upon
11:10arrival it was the psychiatric ward that he was assigned to after four years of war the pressure
11:17had got to him while he recovered in hospital both mentally and physically he received news of germany's
11:26surrender and he had another breakdown looking for someone to blame he picked up on a feeling that was
11:33in the air at the time the idea that germany had been stabbed in the back by pacifists socialists
11:41and jews through the prism of germany's defeat his world view was starting to crystallize
11:48after leaving hospital he returned here to munich
11:58still on the army's payroll hitler came to the attention of their education and propaganda department
12:05spotting his talent for public speaking they recruited him as an intelligence officer he was assigned to
12:12spy on a new radical right-wing group the german workers party local munich guide martin schmidt
12:20redow has agreed to meet me at the spot where hitler's political journey began
12:28exactly here was the starting point of hitler's career in this very building here yes behind this
12:35window hitler has no job uh after war and was very happy that he has get this uh agent spy job for a
12:45uh propaganda section of uh german army to to observe these new parties how left or how right they are
12:56in the beer hall that formerly stood here hitler initially watched the party meeting uninterested
13:05but when one of the guests spoke in favor of bavaria becoming a separate state
13:10hitler was incensed he stood up and began to set the record straight as a speaker rhetorically very good
13:20the chief of this little party has said oh uh this guy is a very good speaker we we want to engage him
13:27so hitler had initially been sent to spy on the german workers party and he ends up joining it yes
13:37it's amazing isn't it because it's so inconspicuous you could just walk past without knowing
13:42the momentous events that happened in there
13:48hitler's talents saw him become leader of the party within a couple of years
13:53and it was renamed the national socialist german workers party better known as the nazis hitler
14:02then turned his personal attention to their branding
14:08you tracy are one of the last over living swastikas in munich but they're softer they are softer
14:17but in his early time hitler tried to develop a symbol for this nazi movement this is one of the
14:26early versions of hitler's paintings okay he looked for old aryan race symbol and he find in the hindu
14:35culture this swastika okay okay now and this are this hitler's early versions at these hitler's
14:48is from hitler personally painted because hitler's biggest wish was to be an artist he was incredibly
14:58good at branding yes it was a genius it was good for this time it was very uncomplicated to read for
15:06for everyone and still just as recognizable today yes rebranding of the party complete hitler worked
15:16to build support with anti-capitalism anti-marxism even anti-semitism all in the air in germany at this
15:25time he found a captive audience and as the country's economy struggled to recover from defeat in the
15:32first world war more and more people bought into the nazi's message in november 1923 hitler decided the
15:41time was right to take power by force it became known as the munich putsch and culminated in a showdown
15:50in the center of the city so what happened here here come 2 000 nazis armed they wanted to come to
16:00the bavarian defense ministry and here were a policeman chain of 120 policemen right and they had machine
16:11gun so the nazis outnumbered the police forces so why did hitler fail because this was a narrow
16:22narrow place here and they have had a machine gun only four policemen were dead but 50 nazis
16:32the munich putsch had ended in disaster while hitler managed to escape in the chaotic aftermath to a
16:39friend's house his reaction to the defeat was extreme pistol in hand he contemplated suicide but
16:48he was taught round arrested and put on trial there his talent for public speaking won over the court
16:56the result was the most lenient sentence possible a mere five years in landsberg prison
17:03landsberg prison really was more of a hotel than a jail in fact one visitor who came to his cell said
17:11that hitler's quarters were more like a a delicatessen than anything else piled high with wine flowers
17:17chocolates you know everything that he could want and in fact hitler seems to have put on weight while he
17:22was in prison while at landsberg hitler was given a medical by a prison doctor the report that was produced
17:33is incredibly thorough and revealing he weighed 77 kilos he still had a shoulder injury from the
17:41munich putsch but the key detail was that it seems that he only had one properly descended testicle so
17:49a certain saucy song that was sung by british soldiers during the war may have had more than a shred of truth
17:55hitler's prison medical report unsurprisingly remained a closely guarded secret but he was far more open
18:06about the importance of his time there he called it his university paid for by the state and it was a
18:13period of rest and reflection he began to see himself not as the drummer of the national socialist cause
18:23but as the messiah who would deliver it he dictated his ideas to loyal party member rudolf hess and the
18:31result was a book hitler wanted to name it a four and a half year struggle against lies stupidity and
18:40cowardice a reckoning with the destroyers of the nazi party movement it wasn't the catchiest title and hitler
18:50was persuaded to rename it my struggle mine camp the title says it all my struggle this is the story of
19:00how hitler felt the world was against him and yet he triumphed it's about how he developed the views
19:06that he has it's a mad book but in it is distilled the entire essence of hitler's views and of his program
19:14so by the time hitler was granted early release from prison in december 1924 he had a clear mission in
19:25his head and through mein kampf a manifesto since the munich putsch had gone so badly wrong this time
19:34he was going to try and take power through the ballot box but before he started campaigning for votes the
19:41first step was to overhaul his wayward dress sense his image in the early days was all wrong he would
19:52pose in austrian lederhosen he would wear a shabby raincoat he would carry for reasons which still seem
20:00a bit bizarre a whip around with him hitler started working with our photographer heinrich hoffman and he
20:08had very specific notions of the image that he wanted to present one of the problems of course was
20:15that hitler his own appearance did not adhere to this nordic ideal and so he and hoffman came up with
20:24the idea to just focus on the hypnotic quality of this leader's eyes which was supposed to persuade
20:32people who were looking at his pictures that he was this great force
20:41image overhaul complete and with the party coming increasingly under his control hitler went on the
20:48campaign trail the carefully curated public image masked a very different man behind closed doors
20:56on a holiday in the oba salzburg in the autumn of 1926 he came into contact with a girl called maria reiter
21:09maria or mimi as she was known was a 16 year old hitler was 37 she was attractive charming in a
21:19youthful naive kind of way and hitler flattered her and toyed with her affections according to her own
21:26account he once took her to a remote forest glade such as this stood her against a tree to admire her
21:32from a distance called her his woodland spirit before kissing her passionately and declaring undying love
21:40for her hitler however soon returned to munich and the world of politics but by playing with mimi's
21:54affections he had left a deep impression she wanted to marry him for hitler she was little more than a
22:02distraction and he soon dropped her in her despair she attempted to hang herself while she was unsuccessful
22:12a similar story was to play out much closer to home to tragic ends
22:20in 1929 hitler moved into a large new apartment in the building behind me here
22:27and his niece gaily raubel came to join him during the next two years they were seen together frequently
22:35and rumors soon started to spread about the nature of the relationship between uncle elf and his niece
22:42behind closed doors what actually went on in private is subject to guesswork and speculation but in public
22:52gaily was the only person hitler ever allowed to become center of attention he took her everywhere
22:59with him and it seems that for the only time in his life hitler became emotionally dependent on a woman
23:08she's about 19 years younger than him but she's practically a prisoner she describes her own uncle as a
23:14monster and says you know you cannot believe what he demands of me the relationship between hitler
23:21and geely became more and more obvious and unhealthy it became suffocating for her until she got so
23:29desperate that it appeared there was only one way out
23:35in september 1931 gaily was found dead in hitler's apartment his political enemies had a field day and
23:44almost immediately stories of sex arguments and violence filled the newspapers there were even
23:51allegations that hitler had murdered her hardly likely as he wasn't even in munich at the time or that
23:58he'd ordered her killing again not likely that he would have ordered her to be killed in his own flat
24:06so it's more likely that his treatment of gaily had led her to take her own life
24:15hitler fell into a deep depression he spoke about giving up on politics and those around him feared he
24:22was suicidal but after paying a visit to gaily's grave he felt able to move on and renew focus on his mission
24:32hitler's relationship with a woman had threatened to derail his bid for power but as the great depression
24:39impacted households across germany women became an important part of his support base he decided to
24:47keep future relationships very much behind closed doors hitler believed that his appeal to women in in
24:56in germany was that he belonged to germany to the reich and and to the fork and and part of that was
25:03was not marrying was a belief that every german woman could own the furo
25:10but of course there was one woman who was to stick with him throughout all that was to come
25:15eva brown she was middle class munich girl working as a sales assistant to hit this personal photographer
25:23hoffman it's alleged that hitler walked into hoffman's shop one day and saw her standing on a ladder
25:30putting photographs away and liked the look of her legs especially she at first didn't even know who
25:38he was he was going under the pseudonym of herm wolf but quite quickly in fact after the death of
25:45gelie rabel she had a place in hitler's life she was very much in the mold of hitler's other women
25:5623 years younger a bit feather-brained very much a plaything so hitler didn't pay her all that much
26:03attention that was until august 1932 when she shot herself with her father's pistol
26:11she was taken immediately to hospital where hitler visited her and brought her a large bouquet of
26:19flowers it's likely that she'd been trying to get his attention rather than to actually kill herself
26:27and it worked she became the chatelaine the housekeeper if you like at the berghoff at his
26:33mountain home at bett's garden and the relationship was known about among hitler's close circle she was
26:40certainly kept out of the limelight as far as the general public were concerned so most germans would
26:46never even have known of her existence on the 30th of january 1933 hitler became chancellor of germany
26:57and in august the following year assumed total control over the country and became the furo and with
27:04power came money hitler got very rich off the back of being in power so for example he got royalties
27:13for allowing his face to appear on stamps he got royalties for mein kampf they were given away when
27:20people got married so he even got money for that he was made tax exempt which meant that he could keep
27:27all of this money he didn't have to pay any of it to the state so he was really rolling in it
27:34the transformation from failed artist to führer of the third reich was complete and the man who had
27:41been utterly directionless now had a mission the recollections of his valet karl wilhelm krauser
27:49provide a glimpse behind closed doors into hitler's daily routine at this time
27:55at 8am he would place the day's reports and newspapers on a stool outside hitler's bedroom
28:02hitler's arm would come out through a crack in the door and pull the papers into his room
28:07his actual wake-up call wouldn't be until 9 30 and soon after the valet would arrive with a rather
28:15unusual breakfast here we have breakfast fit for a führer according to his valet
28:24it would consist of two cups of lukewarm whole milk up to 10 leibniz biscuits and a third to a half a
28:34tablet of chopped up semi-bitter chocolate hitler tended to eat all of this standing up while in his
28:43library reviewing the day's lunch menu which would consist of one option for guests and three for
28:50hitler himself after morning meetings lunch would usually be served around one or two o'clock and
28:58was a highly choreographed affair hitler always sat in the same spot and would choose two guests to sit
29:06next to him the propaganda minister goebbels usually sat opposite after the meal hitler would pick one
29:13guest to walk with him in the garden and talk some more while the other guests retired for cigarettes
29:19and coffee two things which hitler resolutely avoided once the afternoon meetings were over
29:28there would be dinner when hitler would hold court and expound his views on topics from vegetarianism to
29:36autobahns to troop numbers and the people around him would take note he wanted to deliver long monologues
29:44of course it was completely forbidden to interrupt him even magda goebbels the wife of the minister goebbels
29:50said it was tedious beyond belief hitler disliked issuing written directives a lot of his policies
29:58was interpreted by his followers from his monologues around the table he just laid down general laws
30:06what he wanted done what his opinion on for example vivisection women's makeup all sorts of subjects
30:14and his acolytes interpreted those and actually put those into law thinking that they were working
30:20towards the fuhrer that they were actually putting into effect hitler's own wishes and desires
30:29this method of government was proving rather successful at the end of the 1930s
30:34as the nazis began to march across europe and in hitler's mind they could not afford to wait
30:43he commented that he could no longer delay his plans and that only he could achieve them since
30:49a genius is only born once a century back in 1922 one of the senior party members had said that hitler
30:57had megalomania halfway between messiah complex and the emperor nero and as the victories mounted up
31:05hitler's sense of self-belief reached new heights
31:12in 1938 hitler achieved a dream he'd held since childhood
31:17when the anschluss saw austria incorporated into the third reich the country that had produced
31:24the father he so hated and that had rejected his younger self's artistic talents was now under his
31:31control austrian jews soon found themselves on the receiving end of hitler's warped racial policies
31:39but there was one jew whom hitler could not help but make an exception for
31:43the doctor who had nursed his dying mother hitler never forgot dr bloch's care for his mother he
31:54later called him the noble jew and claimed if all jews were like him there would be no jewish question
32:02after the anschluss with austria in 1938 hitler ensured bloch was safe until he helped him to emigrate
32:10to the united states in 1940 and avoid the fate that awaited his fellow jews
32:20the union with austria had been achieved without a shot being fired but this was all to change and
32:27hitler's very private act of mercy towards dr bloch was not to be repeated hitler high on his personal
32:35popularity was ready to unleash destruction and in september 1939 his invasion of poland
32:44sparked the second world war hitler's titanic self-belief was what drove him to think he could achieve
32:52what he'd set out to do for himself and germany but so many of nazi germany's objectives stemmed from
33:01hitler's private life one key example concerned art and architecture hitler's taste in art was incredibly
33:11parochial he liked anything that was german or that had classical themes to it the one thing he couldn't
33:18abide was modernism or anything that challenged his view of what art should be
33:24almost from the moment hitler came to power in 1933 his personal taste in art became law and so
33:34modern art was banned and any artists who wanted to work in germany had to register with the government
33:41to ensure their work fitted with hitler's own preferences but the nazis went further as they
33:48swept across europe they plundered art from every country they occupied on a scale never before seen
33:56in history hitler had his failure as an artist thrown in his face throughout his youth but now
34:04as fuhrer he believed he could write that terrible wrong but the problem is that everything he did
34:10showed what a philistine he was and that included the theft of precious works of arts and it was almost
34:15as if he thought that by having those paintings and those sculptures by great artists that this
34:22would somehow rub off on him and make him a greater artist as fuhrer
34:29some of the art stolen by the nazis was sold off or destroyed but if it met with hitler's approval
34:36then much was destined for what was planned to be the biggest art gallery in the world
34:41the fuhrer museum to be located in the city he'd grown up in linz
34:49as a teenager hitler had wandered the streets with his friend august dreaming of remodeling it to his
34:57designs and now that he was führer those dreams seemed to be within his grasp but he set his sights
35:05further other german cities including berlin munich and hamburg were also to be substantially redesigned
35:14in fact hitler the artist with a particular talent for drawing buildings saw his chance to stamp his
35:22architectural ideals across europe
35:25his architectural plans were as symptomatic of his megalomania as his territorial ones
35:35influenced by the classical world everything had to be bigger larger grander than every other building
35:44to stamp his mark on the world for centuries to come
35:48but these were not just pipe dreams they were a key driver of the concentration camp networks the
35:55persecution of jews and peoples of occupied territory and even of the course of war itself
36:04the concentration camps in fact became an integral part of the german economy obviously unpaid slave labor
36:11we can draw a connection between hitler's own love of architecture and his desire to build these grandiose
36:17constructions with the work that went on in concentration camps the fact that camps like
36:24mauthausen in austria and flossenberg in germany were built next to quarries where the stonework
36:29that would go into the building projects was actually dug out
36:32concentration camps came to be used to an even more devastating effect but when it comes to the
36:43instigation of the holocaust there is no paper trail leading directly to hitler himself quite typically
36:51these horrifying plans seem to have grown out of one of the fuhrer's private chats at the dinner table
36:58hitler was having a meal with heinrich him and the overlord of the ss zeitzler who was a leading
37:05general and lammers who was a bureaucrat within the office of the chancellery and he is recorded as
37:12having said that he'd been extraordinarily merciful to the jews but he was coming to see that the only
37:18solution was extermination and this is the only actual written link that we have that hitler ordered
37:25the policy of the holocaust with the biggest genocide in history set in motion over lunch hitler then
37:36wanted to keep away from it when it came to the extermination of jews hitler was very hands-off while
37:45atrocities were being carried out in his name he never visited an extermination camp and when a train
37:52carrying jews to the camp stopped on an adjacent platform to his fuhrer train he pulled down the
37:58blinds hitler never wanted to be confronted with the brutal reality of what was going on he just wanted
38:06to know that it was being done this system of management worked while the going was good time after
38:14time he'd ignored the advice of his generals and was rewarded with success his self-belief had reached new
38:22heights and he took on the big one and invaded russia it was a massive strategic blunder as unshakable
38:30self-belief became catastrophic self-delusion any defeats on the battlefield a result of the stupidity
38:40or the treachery of his army officers or the weakness of the german people it never seems to have landed on
38:47hitler that his entire project may have been doomed from the outset defeat in russia became increasingly
38:58inevitable but the surrender of the first world war was not to be repeated hitler distrustful of his
39:06generals started micromanaging the war effort himself badly and as the allies rained bombs on berlin hitler
39:16just asked if the town hall had been destroyed because it was a building he didn't like hitler himself
39:24was to live out his final days from january 1945 in the fuhrer bunker below the ruined
39:32reich chancellery as the allies tighten the noose on the capital hitler now a frail man who'd aged
39:42beyond his years continued to live out the fantasy that things and that the nazis would win the war
39:49he frequently quoted his hero frederick the great who'd snatched victory from the jaws of defeat and
39:56only really ventured out of the bunker for daily walks with his dog blondie he was always surrounded
40:04by these portraits of frederick the great he had a particular favorite that went with him everywhere it
40:09was put in a kind of a bulky crate and even had his its own seat in his private plane hitler's hopes
40:16for a frederick the great style change in fortunes were pinned on general steiner and a relieving
40:23force that hitler had ordered to rescue him but on the 22nd of april four of hitler's top generals broke
40:30the news to him that it was not coming he did not take it well hitler as is famously portrayed in film
40:40went crazy at this point screamed shouted and swore that everyone was a traitor that he should have
40:47done with the generals what stalin did with his generals i executed them all and he more or less
40:53collapsed like a like a a sack of sawdust at the end of it i think when they left the room they must
41:00have thought you know this really is the end and it was the countdown essentially to hitler's suicide
41:06and the end of the third reich
41:12with the red army mere miles away and those in the bunker either getting drunk or discussing the best
41:19methods of suicide hitler decided to reward the woman who'd been his most loyal companion throughout
41:27his life eva brown with marriage and on the 29th of april 1945 in a simple ceremony just past midnight
41:37they were married they exchanged rings stolen from a couple of gestapo prisoners before hitler retired to
41:45his study with his secretary to dictate his last will and testament once this was complete events moved
41:57fast on a sofa in the study eva took a cyanide capsule and hitler shot himself in the temple
42:08their bodies were taken outside and once enough diesel could be found burnt a fitting honeymoon
42:15for a marriage that lasted just 40 hours just seven days later germany surrendered to the allies
42:24rumors that hitler did not die in the bunker have been advanced until the present day but suicide was
42:32totally in keeping with his personality his private life was littered with moments where he pointed a gun
42:39towards his head and when final defeat arrived he did what he always threatened to do and pulled the trigger
42:49one thing i think we can say for absolutely certain and that that was hitler was enormously abnormal
42:55but without him and without that malign world view that he had about the jews about the mentally and physically
43:02handicapped about races about germany's place in the world without that he might have been a force for
43:08good he might have been a good architect or or an artist but he had that kink that abnormality
43:14of character which brought so much destruction to the world
43:18now over 70 years later the nazi era buildings here in nuremberg and beyond are crumbling relics of a truly
43:34awful time in the world's history but they were also the pet projects of the failed artist adolf hitler
43:42himself a man whose public ideology combined with his private tastes and fanatical self-belief drove europe
43:52to the brink of destruction
44:22the
44:28so
44:31so
44:31so
44:33so
44:35so
44:41so