Avez-vous déjà remarqué comment les pays les plus riches du monde tendent à avoir des climats plus froids ? L'Allemagne, la Suisse, la Norvège et la Suède possèdent toutes un PIB par habitant élevé, tandis que de nombreuses régions plus chaudes—comme l'Afrique subsaharienne, l'Amérique centrale et l'Asie du Sud-Est—font face à des difficultés économiques. Des études montrent même que pour chaque augmentation de 1°C de la température moyenne d'un pays, le PIB par habitant diminue de 762 dollars par an ! Les raisons ? Les hivers rigoureux ont peut-être poussé les nations plus froides à développer des infrastructures plus solides, une meilleure gouvernance et une planification à long terme. Pendant ce temps, la chaleur extrême peut affecter la productivité, l'agriculture et même la santé. 🌍❄️🔥 Animation créée par Sympa.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Musique par Epidemic Sound https://www.epidemicsound.com
Pour ne rien perdre de Sympa, abonnez-vous!: https://goo.gl/6E4Xna
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Nos réseaux sociaux :
Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/sympasympacom/
Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/sympa.officiel/
Stock de fichiers (photos, vidéos et autres):
https://www.depositphotos.com
https://www.shutterstock.com
https://www.eastnews.ru
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Si tu en veux encore plus, fais un tour ici:
http://sympa-sympa.com
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Musique par Epidemic Sound https://www.epidemicsound.com
Pour ne rien perdre de Sympa, abonnez-vous!: https://goo.gl/6E4Xna
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Nos réseaux sociaux :
Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/sympasympacom/
Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/sympa.officiel/
Stock de fichiers (photos, vidéos et autres):
https://www.depositphotos.com
https://www.shutterstock.com
https://www.eastnews.ru
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Si tu en veux encore plus, fais un tour ici:
http://sympa-sympa.com
Category
😹
FunTranscript
00:00For each rise of one degree of the average temperature of a country,
00:04the GDP per capita falls by at least 1.1%.
00:09In other words, the further you move from the North Pole towards the Equator,
00:14the higher the heat and the lower the wealth.
00:19If life in glacial areas can seem rough,
00:2374.2% of the world's billionaires are concentrated in the Northern Hemisphere.
00:30Four major theories attempt to explain this phenomenon.
00:34The most elementary theory is based on biology.
00:37The cold would limit the propagation of germs,
00:40which would promote health and productivity.
00:43A seductive hypothesis, but it deserves to be questioned.
00:47Then comes the theory of laziness,
00:50formulated in Greek Antiquity and interesting for the climate as a whole.
00:54The Greeks believed that a temperate climate contributed to their prosperity,
00:59while warmer regions were less conducive to inventiveness.
01:04The third hypothesis is based on economic and anthropological research.
01:09Specialists have found that cold countries had inclusive institutions
01:14supposed to guarantee equal opportunities and protect markets as well as private property.
01:20Such a framework would promote healthy competition and stimulate prosperity.
01:24The last theory extends the previous one.
01:27In summary, the richest countries would better distribute their resources
01:31thanks to these inclusive institutions,
01:33while the poorest countries would often be subjected to extractive structures
01:37where an elite concentrates wealth.
01:41If these explanations seem convincing, they flirt with the absurd.
01:46Let's take the idea that cold would eliminate germs
01:49and limit diseases in the coldest regions.
01:52Sorry to spoil the mood, but the reality is quite different.
01:56Low temperatures favor their propagation.
01:59In winter, we tend to confine ourselves in closed spaces,
02:03which facilitates the transmission of microbes.
02:06In addition, the dry air of this season
02:09constitutes an ideal environment for the proliferation of the flu virus.
02:14Humans develop an increased resistance to viruses and bacteria from their own environment,
02:19because a constant exposure strengthens their immune system.
02:24Remember your history lessons.
02:26Most British settlers had difficulties with the climate and microbes of the New World,
02:31while the indigenous peoples were much better adapted to it.
02:35As for the theory of laziness, it deserves to be delayed.
02:39There are still people in the 21st century to advance that the inhabitants of the hottest regions
02:44would naturally be less inclined to effort,
02:47which would explain gaps in development.
02:50However, the sun does not slow down work.
02:53Sure, heat can cause a slight drop in diet by dehydration,
02:58but the human body adapts to the climate of its birthplace.
03:02A Canadian will easily tolerate the cold and will be adapted to it,
03:06while a Brazilian will better withstand high temperatures and will not be affected.
03:12If this idea was founded,
03:15how to explain that the Colombians work on average 200 hours more per year than the United States?
03:21Moreover, the inhabitants of Cambodia, Burma and Mexico
03:26are among those who accumulate the most hours of work in the world.
03:31Hot countries have also developed an effective response to heat-related fatigue.
03:37This is called nap.
03:40After a hearty meal, like those found in Spain or Italy,
03:44it is natural to feel a drop in energy.
03:47This is why these cultures have established nap after lunch,
03:51a short rest that promotes concentration and memory.
03:56It may seem that a nap reduces work time,
03:59but in reality, it only changes schedules.
04:03While some countries end at 6 p.m.,
04:07in Spain, the 2-hour lunch break pushes back the end of the day to 8 p.m.
04:13This system avoids the hottest hours and integrates a beneficial rest.
04:19The past is full of flourishing civilizations despite extreme climates.
04:24Ancient Egypt, for example, was one of the richest in history,
04:28despite oppressive heat and persistent drought.
04:32Its development proves that prosperity does not depend only on the climate.
04:38The Aztecs are another example of success under a torrid climate.
04:42Their capital of Tenochtitlan, located in present-day Mexico,
04:46was larger than London or Paris at the same time.
04:49This demonstrates that a civilization can reach a high level of sophistication
04:53without ideal climatic conditions.
04:57Many scientific and mathematical advances come from hot regions.
05:01Mesopotamia and India, for example, laid the foundations of essential knowledge,
05:06which then contributed to the wealth and progress of other civilizations.
05:11To simplify the conclusions of economic and anthropological studies,
05:14let's start with an obvious observation.
05:17Hot countries often rely on the exploitation of their natural resources.
05:22Contrary to industrial nations, their wealth is frequently concentrated
05:26in the hands of a restricted elite, which leads to a lower GDP,
05:30thus reducing the classic indicators of prosperity.
05:34We have mentioned the importance of inclusive institutions in rich countries,
05:39laws that guarantee fair access to employment, housing and decent wages.
05:44Developing countries, on the other hand, struggle to establish these structures,
05:49not out of a lack of will, but because of historical heritage,
05:53such as those left by the Age of Great Discoveries and the colonization that followed.
05:58If your history lessons have not left you with striking memories,
06:01let us remember that the Age of Great Discoveries, between the 15th and 17th centuries,
06:05was a period when European nations mapped the oceans
06:09and established colonies around the world.
06:12Although this may seem far-fetched to some,
06:15many ancient colonies did not gain independence until the 20th or 21st century.
06:20It is largely for this reason that some developing countries struggle to develop solid industries.
06:26Their institutions are inherited from the colonial era.
06:29Decades of exploitation have exhausted their resources
06:32without offering them infrastructure suitable for a sustainable economic growth.
06:36In addition, claiming that private property reduces economic inequalities is debatable.
06:42Developing countries such as Brazil and South Africa
06:45show considerable gaps between wealth and poverty,
06:49but even in the United States, the richest 1% earn 139 times more than the poorest,
06:55and more than 700,000 people were homeless in 2024.
06:59On a global scale, 1% of the population owns more wealth than the rest of humanity combined.
07:07If inclusive institutions really had such an impact on the prosperity of rich countries,
07:12there would not be more than one billion people living in extreme poverty.
07:17Claiming that private property improves everyone's life becomes absurd
07:21when so many people cannot even find a suitable place to live.
07:25In fact, the GDP, often used to measure the wealth of a country,
07:29does not faithfully reflect the social reality.
07:32It only accounts for the income generated by the industry itself,
07:36without taking into account the working conditions,
07:39salaries or the quality of life of the employees.
07:44It also does not take economic inequalities into account,
07:47thus concealing the real impact of inclusive institutions.
07:52The United States has about 835 billion people,
07:55but 11% of their population still lives in great poverty.
08:00This shows that money is far from being distributed equally,
08:04and that institutions that are supposed to be inclusive are not.
08:08In addition, the notion of wealth varies according to cultures.
08:13In London, for example, having enough to eat, dress and live
08:18does not mean being rich, but simply surviving.
08:23To be considered truly fortunate,
08:26one would probably have to own a horse race,
08:29employ house staff and have a private pilates instructor.
08:35However, for the Hawa and Yanomami tribes, money has no role.
08:39They only produce what they need
08:42and exchange their surplus with other communities.
08:46It is hard to believe, in any case,
08:49that the concentration of poor countries around the equator is only a historical coincidence.