Pourquoi Les Pays Riches N'Ont Pas d'Avenir

Sympa

Dans de nombreux pays riches, moins de bébés naissent que le nombre nécessaire pour maintenir la population stable. Des lieux comme le Japon, l'Italie et la Corée du Sud rencontrent les plus grandes difficultés, même si leurs gouvernements ont tout essayé, des primes en espèces à des congés parentaux améliorés. Élever des enfants est coûteux, les emplois ne sont pas toujours stables, et dans de nombreuses cultures, on s'attend à ce que les femmes assument la plupart des responsabilités parentales, rendant difficile l'équilibre entre le travail et la famille. Mais ce ne sont pas que de mauvaises nouvelles ! Des pays comme la France et les États-Unis ont trouvé des moyens de ralentir le déclin en offrant un soutien robuste aux parents, comme des services de garde d'enfants abordables et des politiques de travail flexibles. Si davantage de nations suivent cet exemple, peut-être que les taux de natalité pourront rebondir—mais cela va nécessiter de grands changements !  Animation créée par Sympa. ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Musique par Epidemic Sound https://www.epidemicsound.com   Pour ne rien perdre de Sympa, abonnez-vous!: https://goo.gl/6E4Xna​ ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Nos réseaux sociaux : Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/sympasympacom/ Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/sympa.officiel/  Stock de fichiers (photos, vidéos et autres): https://www.depositphotos.com https://www.shutterstock.com https://www.eastnews.ru ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------  Si tu en veux encore plus, fais un tour ici:  http://sympa-sympa.com

Transcript

00:00Rich countries are now facing a major difficulty.

00:05Birth is insufficient.

00:07To maintain a demographic balance,

00:10each woman should have two children on average.

00:13But in fact, they often have only one, or none.

00:17This challenge is mainly based on the fertility rate,

00:21that is to say the average number of children

00:23that a woman is supposed to have during her life.

00:26If it is too low, it means that deaths exceed births,

00:30and such a situation can have disastrous economic consequences.

00:35Take the example of a rich country.

00:37The United States, Germany or Japan.

00:40Whatever the chosen country, a constant remains.

00:43Its fertility rate is less than 2.1.

00:46This represents a real problem.

00:48Let's illustrate this with Mary and John on one side,

00:51and Jack and Lucy on the other.

00:53These four people get married.

00:55Mary and John have two children,

00:57while Jack and Lucy have only one.

00:59In conclusion, the calculation is simple.

01:02One person is missing.

01:04And if this trend continues from generation to generation,

01:07the population will inevitably decline.

01:10The observation becomes particularly worrying

01:13if one is interested in countries like Spain, Italy or Poland.

01:17These nations display the fertility rates

01:19among the lowest in the European Union,

01:21with an average of one child per woman.

01:24This is a major problem,

01:26because it weakens economies as a whole.

01:29Imagine a triangle with, at its base,

01:31young people and workers,

01:33and at the top, the elderly.

01:35In many rich countries, this base shrinks rapidly

01:38due to the constant decline in births every year.

01:42The triangle therefore seems to be reversed.

01:44An active population is reduced,

01:46and the number of retirees is increasing.

01:48With fewer taxpayers and more beneficiaries,

01:50the economy struggles to maintain its balance.

01:53We witness a real domino effect.

01:56Fewer workers means fewer tax revenues.

01:59Meanwhile, the elderly population continues to grow,

02:02forming a much larger group,

02:04dependent on pensions and social security systems.

02:08This situation leads to the following question.

02:11Who will finance all these retirees?

02:14Some countries are in a more critical situation than others,

02:17and South Korea is particularly under pressure.

02:20Its population is aging at high speed,

02:22while births are rare.

02:24This country has the lowest fertility rate in the world.

02:27In 2023, it reached a historical threshold

02:30of 0.72 births per woman.

02:33One may wonder how one can get three quarters of a child,

02:36but it is the magic of statistics.

02:38If this trend persists,

02:40the Korean population could be reduced by half by 2100.

02:45Over the last two decades,

02:47South Korean authorities have injected

02:49the equivalent of 286 billion dollars

02:52to try to solve this problem.

02:54They have also put in place various incentives

02:57to reverse the trend.

02:59Among the first measures, financial aid.

03:02When a married couple in Korea chooses to have their first child,

03:06the government grants them about 10,000 dollars,

03:09distributed in monthly donations to support them.

03:12Although this amount may seem substantial,

03:15it is only three times the average monthly salary.

03:18However, in a city as expensive as Seoul,

03:21this is still not enough.

03:23Then, housing.

03:25The cost of rent in Seoul is exorbitant,

03:27but the government wants to prevent

03:29the inhabitants from leaving the capital for this reason.

03:32This is why it recently announced

03:34an aid of about 300 dollars per month for families,

03:37valid up to two years of the child.

03:40However, although this amount seems alluring,

03:43it only covers about 11%

03:46of the rent of a three-bedroom apartment in the city center.

03:49And finally, access to care.

03:51Hospitalization costs are taken into account,

03:54but on one condition.

03:56The couple must be married,

03:58with all the official documents required.

04:00South Korea has designed these measures

04:02to respond to demographic problems,

04:04without which its population may age,

04:06impoverish and become more dependent on care.

04:09However, looking at it more closely,

04:11all these measures are mainly

04:13linked to a strategy of financial redistribution.

04:16Despite everything, this demographic problem

04:18has not improved,

04:20which has prompted the authorities

04:22to propose more inventive solutions.

04:24They have thus set up jobs

04:26with flexible schedules for children

04:28under the age of five.

04:30In addition, these families can borrow equipment for free,

04:33such as toys or toys.

04:35So, why are so many women

04:37hesitating to become mothers?

04:39Several reasons explain this reluctance,

04:41but one of the main ones is related to work.

04:44Women access more training

04:46and professional opportunities than before.

04:49However, many jobs impose exhausting schedules,

04:52with days that end late.

04:55Many find themselves stuck in a hellish cycle.

04:58Getting up early,

05:00working,

05:01coming home late,

05:02and sleeping,

05:03to start again the next day.

05:05This prevents them from finding a partner

05:07and, even more, from taking care of a child.

05:09Education, in general,

05:11also plays a key role in reducing birth rates.

05:14The number of years spent at school,

05:16then at university,

05:18leads to an increase in the age of the first child.

05:20After finishing their studies,

05:22many women prefer to focus on their career

05:25before starting a family.

05:27They therefore no longer become mothers

05:29during adolescence or at the beginning of their twenties.

05:31And when they reach their thirties,

05:33the situation does not improve much.

05:35Even if they get a stable job,

05:37current employment policies

05:39still do not provide enough help

05:41for the care of children.

05:43But education is not the only factor.

05:45Young people are lagging behind

05:47in all aspects of life.

05:49They have a lot more trouble

05:51checking the boxes of adult life,

05:53such as getting a well-paid job

05:55or buying a house.

05:57However, these elements strongly influence

05:59the decision to start a family or not.

06:01Another major reason for the drop in birth rates

06:03is that giving birth to a child

06:05is a major financial burden

06:07and requires a lot of time.

06:09In Australia, for example,

06:11the average child care cost

06:13has increased faster than inflation.

06:15Even public schools weigh heavily

06:17on parental budgets.

06:19Between computers, uniforms, excursions

06:21and extracurricular activities,

06:23the expenses accumulate.

06:25In 13 years, parents spend more than $80,000

06:27on public education

06:29and nearly $350,000

06:31on private schooling.

06:33So, imagine having two or three children.

06:35What is the solution?

06:37Two approaches to address this problem

06:39without inciting the population

06:41to have more children.

06:43Governments can try to keep

06:45their population in better health

06:47and extend their life expectancy,

06:49as Singapore does.

06:51This country is trying to push back

06:53the retirement age,

06:55to offer mid-career training

06:57and to encourage the hiring of senior workers,

06:59including those over 69.

07:01Another option is to attract

07:03young foreign workers,

07:05a strategy widely adopted by Canada.

07:07If the goal is really

07:09to encourage women

07:11to have more children,

07:13many countries are using

07:15birth control,

07:17offering financial aid

07:19and benefits to families,

07:21like South Korea.

07:23However, some experts

07:25consider this measure ineffective

07:27because it does not take into account

07:29the needs of young adults.

07:31For these experts,

07:33rich countries must first

07:35improve the career

07:37and housing opportunities

07:39of young adults.

07:41They could encourage companies

07:43to offer flexible hours

07:45or work from home

07:47for young parents.

07:49They should also reduce

07:51the cost of housing,

07:53especially in big cities,

07:55and focus more on

07:57their families.

07:59What do you think?

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