英雄たちの選択 2025年1月20日
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TVTranscript
00:00:00The Data Transfer Center
00:00:04The Data Transfer Center at Tokyo University.
00:00:12The precious data from the Edo period are stored here.
00:00:21The Dokai Koushuki.
00:00:24The first one was rated over 200 people.
00:00:27It is a so-called messenger of the lord.
00:00:34There is a record of a certain group written there.
00:00:39In the military and military affairs,
00:00:43they are doing the right thing and doing the right thing,
00:00:47and they are doing it to the servants and the people.
00:00:51However, they go to all kinds of places,
00:00:54and go to all kinds of evil places,
00:00:56and they always have a bad reputation.
00:01:00Who are they talking about?
00:01:03They are Mito-Chunagon Minamoto-no-Mitsukuni-kyo.
00:01:09Yes, they are the famous Mito-Koumon,
00:01:12Tokugawa-Mitsukuni.
00:01:15Speaking of Koumon-sama,
00:01:17he is a man who travels the country with his wife and children,
00:01:20and he is familiar with the evil.
00:01:24However, the real Tokugawa-Mitsukuni
00:01:27spends most of his life in Edo and Mito-han,
00:01:30and he does not go to all kinds of places.
00:01:33His personality is also very different
00:01:36from the image of Koumon-sama's high schooler.
00:01:41He surprised the people with a bold reform
00:01:44that was not caught in the precedent.
00:01:48He pursued his own goal,
00:01:50even if he had to break the gold of the shogunate.
00:01:53He had a very easy-going personality.
00:02:00The life work of Mito-Koumon-sama
00:02:03was the reform of the national history.
00:02:08From the time of Emperor Jinmu to the unification of the north and south,
00:02:12he did not care about the age,
00:02:14but he tried to make the history of the people
00:02:17written by the emperor and the people
00:02:20for the first time in our country.
00:02:24However, this reform business was a huge project
00:02:27that Mitsukuni came up with
00:02:30and Mito-han carried out on his own.
00:02:35It was the wealth of Mito-han
00:02:38and the lives of the people that were at stake.
00:02:44In the studio, he approaches the creation of Mitsukuni,
00:02:47which is unknown to the public.
00:02:50Mitsukuni is trying to make a new program
00:02:53in place of the old one.
00:02:56Here, Mitsukuni and Mito-han
00:02:59live on the characters, their children,
00:03:02and their daily lives.
00:03:04Mitsukuni did something incredible.
00:03:07He is not just a grandfather who is in labor.
00:03:11The national history reform business
00:03:14that Mitsukuni put his life on the line for.
00:03:17What has it brought to the history of this country?
00:03:41The History of the People
00:03:56Good evening, everyone.
00:03:58At the turning point of history,
00:04:00the choice was made by the heroes.
00:04:02What did they think about
00:04:04and what did they worry about?
00:04:07And what would you do?
00:04:09Here is today's hero.
00:04:11Mitsukuni Tokugawa, also known as Mito-han.
00:04:15He is very different from the image
00:04:18of Mitsukuni Tokugawa in the TV series.
00:04:21I think he is very different.
00:04:23He didn't do the national history reform business.
00:04:26He didn't?
00:04:27He didn't have the time to do it.
00:04:29Mitsukuni was a curious person.
00:04:32He had to meet a lot of people
00:04:35and see a lot of things.
00:04:37He actually traveled a lot.
00:04:39I see.
00:04:40I worked at Ibaraki University for 8 years.
00:04:43At that time, I was surprised to see
00:04:46Mitsukuni Tokugawa's costume set.
00:04:49What?
00:04:50I was surprised to see it in the documentary.
00:04:53For example, there was a rope to get out of the castle.
00:04:56There was a costume set to get out of the castle
00:04:59without Mitsukuni Tokugawa's knowledge.
00:05:02That's what the lyrics say.
00:05:04I don't think Mitsukuni Tokugawa did that.
00:05:07Mitsukuni Tokugawa's national history reform project
00:05:10is the one that gets the spotlight.
00:05:13What should we pay attention to?
00:05:16In China,
00:05:18Mitsukuni Tokugawa tried to do something
00:05:21that was only allowed by the emperor.
00:05:24Mitsukuni Tokugawa tried to be the ruler
00:05:27of Japan's history and time.
00:05:30Mitsukuni Tokugawa tried to do something
00:05:33that was only allowed by the emperor.
00:05:36That's Mitsukuni Tokugawa's ambition.
00:05:39I want you to see Mitsukuni Tokugawa's ambition today.
00:05:42Let's take a look at Mitsukuni Tokugawa.
00:05:45Let's take a look at Mitsukuni Tokugawa.
00:05:51Mito City, Ibaraki Prefecture
00:05:54A museum in the corner of Tokiwa Shrine
00:05:57dedicated to Mitsukuni Tokugawa
00:06:03Here is a piece of clothing that Mitsukuni wore.
00:06:12It's not a flashy decoration.
00:06:15It's a piece of clothing that's easy to move.
00:06:18It's a piece of clothing that's easy to move.
00:06:21It's a piece of clothing that's easy to move.
00:06:27Mitsukuni's clothes were made of samurai clothes.
00:06:30It was a piece of clothing that was made of samurai clothes.
00:06:33It was a piece of clothing that was made of samurai clothes.
00:06:39In the 5th year of the Kanyei period,
00:06:42Mitsukuni was born as the 11th son of Ieyasu,
00:06:45the first son of the Mito clan,
00:06:48and the 3rd son of Tokugawa Yorifusa.
00:06:53He was adopted by his older brother.
00:06:56Mitsukuni was trained in strict martial arts.
00:07:06Later, he became well-versed in various subjects,
00:07:09such as Jyugaku, Kanshi, and Waka.
00:07:16In the 3rd year of the Kanbun period,
00:07:19when Mitsukuni was 34 years old,
00:07:22his father, Yorifusa, died.
00:07:26The Jyushin, who had served under Mitsukuni,
00:07:29were trying to take action.
00:07:34The records of that time are left behind.
00:07:40Here, you can see the word, Oihara.
00:07:43It's a custom of the Jyushin
00:07:46to cut off the belly of the dead.
00:07:49to cut off the belly of the dead.
00:07:53Mitsukuni was surprised by the action.
00:07:56Mitsukuni was surprised by the action.
00:07:59When he heard the rumor of Jyushin,
00:08:02he went to the Jyushin and said,
00:08:08Jyushin is not interested in people who can die.
00:08:11Jyushin is not interested in people who can die.
00:08:16My father was not happy when he died.
00:08:19He wanted me to be a force to be reckoned with.
00:08:22He wanted me to be a force to be reckoned with.
00:08:27In the general public,
00:08:30people were still following Jyushin
00:08:33and cutting off the belly of the dead.
00:08:36and cutting off the belly of the dead.
00:08:39It was a very beautiful custom.
00:08:42It was a very beautiful custom.
00:08:45It was a very beautiful custom.
00:08:48It was a very bold custom.
00:08:55Mitsukuni was the second great leader of the Mito clan,
00:08:58Mitsukuni was the second great leader of the Mito clan,
00:09:01following his father.
00:09:04following his father.
00:09:10This is one of the documents
00:09:13that were made by Mitsukuni's order
00:09:16to the Mito clan.
00:09:21At the time, the Mito clan had over 2,000 temples
00:09:24and the large maintenance costs
00:09:27were putting pressure on the clan's finances.
00:09:32In addition, there were temples that demanded
00:09:35a high-level education by giving a good teaching.
00:09:38In addition, there were temples that demanded a high-level education by giving a good teaching.
00:09:41and disturbed the lives of the people.
00:09:45So Mitsukuni thoroughly investigated the number of temples,
00:09:48the number of temples,
00:09:51and the number of monks and nuns,
00:09:54and made bold reforms.
00:10:00He killed over 1,000 monks and nuns.
00:10:03He killed over 1,000 monks and nuns.
00:10:08He ordered the demolition and relocation
00:10:11of all the temples and shrines.
00:10:20On the other hand,
00:10:23he protected only the right things
00:10:26by thoroughly separating the relics.
00:10:29One of them was the Yoshida Shrine in Mito City.
00:10:35The shrine was left with a bamboo
00:10:38that was believed to have been planted by the Yoshida Shrine.
00:10:45The shrine was dedicated to Yamato Takeru,
00:10:48who was also a monk.
00:10:51Mitsukuni's previous relationship with the shrine and the temple
00:10:54was that they were related by their relics.
00:10:57He chanted the name of the shrine
00:11:00and said that the temple was a temple.
00:11:03and said that the temple was a temple.
00:11:09Mitsukuni was a man of reason
00:11:12and was not afraid of rebellion.
00:11:15Mitsukuni was a man of reason and was not afraid of rebellion.
00:11:21Even if the enemy was a shogun,
00:11:24Mitsukuni did not hesitate
00:11:27even if the enemy was a shogun, Mitsukuni did not hesitate
00:11:32At that time,
00:11:35even though trade with foreign countries was restricted,
00:11:38even though trade with foreign countries was restricted,
00:11:41Mitsukuni tried to cultivate the fruit,
00:11:44such as Dutch eggplant and jagatara mandarin orange,
00:11:47Mitsukuni tried to cultivate the fruit, such as Dutch eggplant and jagatara mandarin orange,
00:11:50Mitsukuni tried to cultivate the fruit, such as Dutch eggplant and jagatara mandarin orange,
00:11:53Mitsukuni tried to cultivate the fruit, such as Dutch eggplant and jagatara mandarin orange,
00:11:56Mitsukuni tried to cultivate the fruit, such as Dutch eggplant and jagatara mandarin orange,
00:11:59Mitsukuni tried to cultivate the fruit, such as Dutch eggplant and jagatara mandarin orange,
00:12:02This was part of the Dutch order.
00:12:05This was part of the Dutch order.
00:12:11He was manipulated by his rulers.
00:12:15His rulers were very anxious about his operation.
00:12:19Actually, Itsu Royal Grand Prince Tsunayoshi
00:12:22actually repulsed him to capital baraking,
00:12:25Actually Itsu Royal Grand Prince Tsunayoshi
00:12:28This is a letter from Mitsukuni to a friend he can't seem to get a hold of.
00:12:34He sneaked out to the countryside and went after a bird.
00:12:39If the shogunate finds out, they'll think he's in jail.
00:12:44Mitsukuni refused the shogunate's order not to kill animals, and continued to hunt and eat meat.
00:13:04Mitsukuni's first researcher, Eichi Suzuki, read Mitsukuni's words as follows.
00:13:13Even if everyone thinks so, if you say,
00:13:17I don't think so, this isn't right, there must have been a better way,
00:13:22people will look at you in a strange way, but you'll completely ignore it.
00:13:28I think this is a part of Mitsukuni's mental structure as a warrior.
00:13:40There is a large figure that symbolizes Mitsukuni's Hatenkoburi.
00:13:49This is the Kaifu-maru, which was made by Mitsukuni.
00:13:54This is a representation of the Kaifu-maru.
00:14:0227 strings, about 49 meters long.
00:14:07To make it strong enough to withstand windstorms,
00:14:10the shipyard, which had cutting-edge technology at the time, was gathered from all over the country.
00:14:19In fact, at the time, the shogunate forbade the construction of large ships to suppress the power of Mitsukuni.
00:14:27Nevertheless, Mitsukuni managed to build something like this.
00:14:34Its purpose was to explore the Ezo area.
00:14:44The Ezo area was known to have natural resources such as aquatic plants and animal skins.
00:14:54However, if you look at the drawings at the time,
00:14:58you can see that the Ezo area was not drawn in a precise way.
00:15:03I think Mitsukuni had a vision of something like a new land.
00:15:12However, the voyage to the Ezo area was not an easy one.
00:15:18The first voyage was interrupted by bad weather.
00:15:23The second voyage was not allowed by Matsumae-han.
00:15:28He had no choice but to go back.
00:15:32Nevertheless, Mitsukuni did not give up.
00:15:36In the third voyage, in the 6th year of Genroku,
00:15:39he persuaded Matsumae-han to go to Hokkaido.
00:15:44He arrived at Seigan in Hokkaido.
00:15:50The 67 crew members finally arrived at Ishikari after 4 months of sailing.
00:16:02After Kaifuumaru, they went on an expedition with local researchers and dogs.
00:16:09On their way back, they loaded a large amount of salt salmon, bears,
00:16:15falcons, and todo fish skins and returned to Mito.
00:16:24Mitsukuni received not only rare Ezo products,
00:16:28but also all the information he had gained at sea.
00:16:32He was able to deliver it.
00:16:37I think the purpose of this expedition was to find out
00:16:42how many people can operate this type of ship,
00:16:46how much water and rice it needs,
00:16:50and how many days it needs to be loaded,
00:16:54and what kind of technology it needs.
00:17:01If this was used for a long time,
00:17:04Mitsukuni would have been able to go to various areas of the sea
00:17:09and explore various lands.
00:17:17He was a rational person who was ahead of his time.
00:17:20Once he made a decision, he would go straight ahead.
00:17:26This is the story of Mitsukuni Tokugawa.
00:17:35We have two guests with us today.
00:17:38Nice to meet you.
00:17:40First, we have Mr. Toh Ubukata,
00:17:43who wrote the novel based on Mitsukuni Tokugawa.
00:17:47Nice to meet you.
00:17:48Mr. Ubukata, why did you choose Mitsukuni?
00:17:51At first, I made him appear as a side character in another novel.
00:17:55But when Mitsukuni appears, he becomes the main character.
00:17:59He has too much presence.
00:18:01And there are too many episodes.
00:18:03Usually, you just have to do a little bit of exploration,
00:18:06and that's it.
00:18:08But there are so many similar episodes.
00:18:11He has so much charm that I can't write them all.
00:18:15I thought I had to write one.
00:18:18It was hard, but I wrote it.
00:18:21Next, we have Mr. Nanabu Oishima, who specializes in swordsmanship.
00:18:25Nice to meet you.
00:18:26Mr. Oishima, what do you think of Mitsukuni?
00:18:29After the end of the Sengoku period,
00:18:32the concept and system of the stage changed
00:18:35from the stage of martial arts to the stage of literature.
00:18:38From the stage of power to the stage of literature and culture.
00:18:41When the era itself entered a new stage,
00:18:44what kind of vision did the representatives of each faction
00:18:47of the Sengoku period have?
00:18:50Normally, the representatives of each faction
00:18:53would do their best to protect their own territory.
00:18:56But in the Sengoku period,
00:18:58Mitsukuni went beyond that level
00:19:01and saw his territory and Japan as a whole
00:19:04with a new perspective.
00:19:07I think he was an outstanding leader in the Sengoku period.
00:19:11He went beyond the limitations of the Buff.
00:19:14I think Mitsukuni was like the Puchi Mitsukuni Kaihoku.
00:19:17No matter how much the Buff restricted him,
00:19:20he was a position where he could be pampered.
00:19:23The reason is that Mitsukuni's father,
00:19:26Yorifusa, was the youngest son of Ieyasu.
00:19:29In other words, he was the grandson of Ieyasu.
00:19:32He was Mitsukuni.
00:19:35Shin-kun was amazing.
00:19:38Mitsukuni's father, Yorifusa,
00:19:41was Mitsukuni.
00:19:44When Shin-kun was amazing,
00:19:47there was only one grandson left.
00:19:50What would happen if everyone else was a great-grandson?
00:19:53The grandson was the greatest.
00:19:56So if Akita's Satake or Sendai's Date
00:19:59started to make a big deal out of this,
00:20:02it would be difficult.
00:20:05It's because he was the grandson of Ieyasu.
00:20:08Mitsukuni's father, Yorifusa,
00:20:11was the grandson of Yorifusa.
00:20:14Mitsukuni's father, Yorifusa,
00:20:17was the grandson of Yorifusa.
00:20:20Mitsukuni's father, Yorifusa,
00:20:23was the grandson of Yorifusa.
00:20:26Mitsukuni's father, Yorifusa,
00:20:29was the grandson of Yorifusa.
00:20:32Mitsukuni's father, Yorifusa,
00:20:35was the grandson of Yorifusa.
00:20:38At that time, there were many people
00:20:41who wanted to be the grandson of Yorifusa
00:20:44because of the money.
00:20:47There was a big event called Kankon-sosai.
00:20:50There were a lot of people
00:20:53who spent a lot of money on that event.
00:20:56Mitsukuni was also warned
00:20:59not to borrow money.
00:21:02Mitsukuni was also warned not to borrow money.
00:21:05Mitsukuni was also warned not to borrow money.
00:21:08The lord of Jukyo-zuki
00:21:11started to organize
00:21:14shrines and temples.
00:21:17Mito-han, Okayama-han, and Aizu-han
00:21:20were the most strict.
00:21:23In the past,
00:21:26in Japan,
00:21:30there were a lot of festivals.
00:21:33In the past, there was a lot of festivals.
00:21:39Now, there are no more houses.
00:21:42Now, there are no more houses.
00:21:45Now, there are no more houses.
00:21:48What a weird festival.
00:21:51What a weird festival.
00:21:54On the other hand,
00:21:57We have prepared a special video to show you what kind of medicine you should take when you are sick.
00:22:04This is a medical book for home use.
00:22:08This is a medical book for home use.
00:22:15For farmers with a low mortality rate, most of their crops are damaged.
00:22:25When they are bitten by a snake or when they are poisoned by a crab,
00:22:29there are many types of food poisoning.
00:22:33For example, if you get infected by a plague,
00:22:38you should take leaves from orchids.
00:22:42You should also take medicine that has a little effect even now.
00:22:47You should also take medicine that is easy to get.
00:22:54However, there are many things that are not recommended these days.
00:22:59For example, I don't want to see a rat pee in my eyes.
00:23:07What should I do when I see a rat pee in my eyes?
00:23:12What should I do?
00:23:14I don't want to see a cat drool.
00:23:18I don't want to hear that.
00:23:21So, I don't want to imitate a good cat.
00:23:27I think he is a politician who is not only a samurai but also a citizen.
00:23:32He is a politician who is a target for all citizens.
00:23:37He also said that he would spread knowledge to places like the mountains.
00:23:43I think that this awareness is connected to the fact that
00:23:48Yoshimune, the eighth general,
00:23:51is making a big impact on the country as a fund-raising measure.
00:23:55I think that he played an important role as a precursor
00:24:00to the health policy and sanitary policy.
00:24:03At that time, doctors were all bad doctors.
00:24:07They sold expensive things that were not sure if they would work.
00:24:11As Dr. Ishida pointed out,
00:24:15it was easy to get the medicine.
00:24:18It was easy to get the medicine.
00:24:20Doctors didn't have to think that medicine was expensive.
00:24:24They didn't have to believe in strange things.
00:24:27I think this is also a process of eliminating superstition.
00:24:30I think it is reasonable to think that medicine is expensive.
00:24:33Well, cat drooling is a bit...
00:24:37There was a major business that cost Tokugawa Mitsukuni his life.
00:24:45It was the distribution of national history.
00:24:53In Japan at that time,
00:24:55there were books called national history such as Kojiki and Nihonshoki.
00:25:00Until the Nara period,
00:25:02there was no newspaper that marked the period after that.
00:25:09Mitsukuni, who wanted to distribute national history,
00:25:12has a saying that shows his belief.
00:25:19If you write it down,
00:25:21it will appear from the Kancho Onozu.
00:25:25If you record the events in history correctly,
00:25:28the evil of the past will be revealed.
00:25:31If you do that,
00:25:33it will be the foundation of the country in the future.
00:25:38The purpose of Mitsukuni's distribution of history
00:25:41is not to make the past clear,
00:25:44but to build a future outlook
00:25:47and how to use it in the future.
00:25:51In other words, Mitsukuni doesn't think about the present,
00:25:56but instead thinks about the future 50, 100, or 200 years in the future.
00:26:01He always thought about what he should do
00:26:05and what he should do now.
00:26:12In fact, at that time,
00:26:14the Shogunate ordered the scholar Hayashi Razan
00:26:17to distribute the new national history.
00:26:22The form of distribution of history is the Hennentai.
00:26:26It is a system in which the events of each era
00:26:29are organized in order.
00:26:35However, Mitsukuni didn't like that idea
00:26:38and started to think about making national history in a different form.
00:26:44The way Mitsukuni aimed at national history
00:26:47was like the Shiki, a Chinese history book
00:26:50that he had been reading since he was young.
00:26:56The technical form of the Shiki is the Hennentai.
00:27:00It is a system in which the events of each era
00:27:03are organized in order.
00:27:06It is a system in which the events of each era
00:27:09are organized in order.
00:27:14In China, the history of the country was all based on the Hennentai,
00:27:18but there was no national history of the Hennentai in Japan yet.
00:27:25Mitsukuni adopted the Hennentai
00:27:28and tried to leave the national history of the people in the future.
00:27:34The Hennentai seems to have increased the number of people.
00:27:38In that sense, it is relatively easy.
00:27:41In that sense, it is relatively easy.
00:27:44However, when it comes to taking the Hennentai,
00:27:47it is necessary to examine the history of the people
00:27:50from the time they were born to the time they die.
00:27:53For example, did the Emperor of the Five Great Kingdoms
00:27:56properly govern the people as an emperor?
00:27:59Did the Emperor of the Five Great Kingdoms
00:28:02properly govern the people as an emperor?
00:28:05This is what we evaluate.
00:28:08I think this is a lesson for the people of Kosei.
00:28:11I think this is a lesson for the people of Kosei.
00:28:17However, due to the need for a huge amount of work,
00:28:20Mitsukuni's own Hennentai business did not progress.
00:28:23Mitsukuni's own Hennentai business did not progress.
00:28:27There was a big incident that shook Edo.
00:28:30There was a big incident that shook Edo.
00:28:35The decline of the Meireki.
00:28:37The decline of the Meireki.
00:28:39It burned down 60% of the city of Edo.
00:28:42It burned down 60% of the city of Edo.
00:28:45There was a great disaster that killed more than 100,000 people.
00:28:48There was a great disaster that killed more than 100,000 people.
00:28:51The Bakufu Shoko disappeared in this fire.
00:28:54He lost his documents and everything he had.
00:28:57He lost his documents and everything he had.
00:29:00It is said that Lazan lost his life in this shock.
00:29:03It is said that Lazan lost his life in this shock.
00:29:06We should not be sad.
00:29:09Mitsukuni takes this incident as an opportunity
00:29:12to turn his own Hennentai business into a real deal.
00:29:18Just a month after the decline of the Meireki,
00:29:21Just a month after the decline of the Meireki,
00:29:23and set up a branch office in order to carry out the distribution business in the area.
00:29:29They set out to carry out the national distribution, which is a life work.
00:29:36The first thing they did was to conduct a survey and collect temporary materials.
00:29:43Mitsukuni dispatched researchers to Kyoto and Nara,
00:29:47and conducted a search for the materials stored in various places.
00:29:53However, the survey was not conducted anonymously, but by Mitsukuni.
00:29:59There were many people who were reluctant to show their old documents and records.
00:30:07The documents were stored at the Yoshimizu Shrine in Nara.
00:30:20This is a letter from Mitsukuni's office.
00:30:27Thank you for showing me your old documents.
00:30:38I would like you to take even more advantage of this opportunity.
00:30:49Mitsukuni wrote a letter of gratitude and sent it to the shrine.
00:31:00Mitsukuni, the grandson of Ieyasu,
00:31:03worked on his old documents by himself.
00:31:08This led to the creation of valuable temporary materials.
00:31:15The collected materials were thoroughly examined and used for the national distribution.
00:31:22At that time, a certain ingenuity was carried out through modern historical research.
00:31:30This is the first part about Emperor Godaigo.
00:31:36Emperor Godaigo's name is written here.
00:31:41Emperor Godaigo's name is written here.
00:31:46Emperor Godaigo's name is written here.
00:31:52Emperor Godaigo's name is written here.
00:32:08Emperor Godaigo's name is written here.
00:32:21Emperor Godaigo's name is written here.
00:32:32When a document was found,
00:32:34it was written which material was used and the date of publication.
00:32:39This allowed the history to be re-examined and verified.
00:32:46In addition, Mitsukuni was not the only one to write about Emperor Godaigo
00:32:51and other powerful people of his time.
00:32:55There were also many women, such as Shikibu Murasaki and Nagon Seisho.
00:33:05The magnificent history book, which should have been the property of the future,
00:33:10was gradually taking shape.
00:33:15Mitsukuni dispatched a team of researchers to dig up some documents.
00:33:22Mr. Yuzukata, this is a huge undertaking, isn't it?
00:33:26Yes.
00:33:27Mitsukuni's character, his upbringing, and his daily activities are all alive in this book.
00:33:33For example, Mitsukuni's rationality makes him look for documents.
00:33:38As I mentioned earlier, Mitsukuni's job was to make sure that
00:33:43new documents would not be found in the future.
00:33:49At that time, Japan had a lot of small countries.
00:33:55If he dispatched people to various places, people would think he was a spy.
00:34:01Or he was just in a bad mood when people from other countries came to Japan.
00:34:07At that time, Mitsukuni was the grandson of Tokugawa Ieyasu.
00:34:14What is good about being the grandson of Ieyasu is that
00:34:17people from other countries and his grandchildren have a high rank.
00:34:21In that case, people who have such old records,
00:34:25such as Mr. Okuge from Kyoto,
00:34:27or temples and shrines in Anara prefecture,
00:34:31would come to Japan and visit Mitsukuni.
00:34:36This is not normal.
00:34:38Mitsukuni is easy to be seen.
00:34:40I see.
00:34:41Until then, Mitsukuni aimed to make a national history in Kirentai, which did not exist in Japan.
00:34:47Mr. Oishi, this is a point that Mitsukuni could not give up.
00:34:53Yes.
00:34:54In the case of Hennentai,
00:34:59although there is a long and a short period,
00:35:03we do not put too much emotion into it in a digital way.
00:35:10If there is a document, we line it up.
00:35:14In the case of Kirentai, it is analogous.
00:35:18It is easy to feel that this part is long and this part is short.
00:35:23I think that is the charm of Hennentai.
00:35:26To be honest, Hennentai is the most difficult to use as a document for a novel.
00:35:32Difficult to use.
00:35:34There is no reason.
00:35:36Why did it happen? Why did you decide so?
00:35:39Why couldn't you do this?
00:35:41There is no reason at all, and there is no reason.
00:35:44I have to imagine everything.
00:35:47I think that learning only chronology is not enough to learn history at all.
00:35:54I see.
00:35:55I don't know where this historical movement came from.
00:36:00There are a lot of documents.
00:36:02Kito-den.
00:36:03First of all, what is Kito?
00:36:05This is like a special axis that rotates the universe among humans.
00:36:13This is the emperor.
00:36:15The axis is fixed, and various people appear around it.
00:36:20This is the den.
00:36:21People who go around without becoming the emperor.
00:36:25This is Kito-den.
00:36:27First of all, I have to determine the tree.
00:36:31Who is the emperor?
00:36:33In the case of Kirentai, I have to determine who this person is.
00:36:37And in the first place, is this person the emperor?
00:36:41This is a terrible story.
00:36:42You have to identify the emperor.
00:36:44In other words, if you were in the Nampokucho era at the same time,
00:36:48you are the emperor.
00:36:50You are a woman, but you are the emperor.
00:36:52You are a woman, so you are not the emperor.
00:36:55You have to identify the emperor.
00:36:57You have to make a judgment.
00:36:59This is terrible.
00:37:00One group decides who is the emperor.
00:37:06Mitsukuni did a terrible thing.
00:37:10Mitsukuni is not just a grandfather who is in labor.
00:37:13Mitsukuni is not in labor.
00:37:15It is a historical fact.
00:37:17Mitsukuni is facing a problem while he is doing a national distribution business in Mitohan.
00:37:22Mitsukuni is forced to make a choice.
00:37:28About 20 years after the project started,
00:37:32Mitsukuni was facing a serious problem.
00:37:37Lack of funds.
00:37:42Mitsukuni called scholars from all over the country.
00:37:48He called scholars from all over the country.
00:37:55According to the scholars,
00:37:58there were 200 to 400 books.
00:38:02Some of them were worth more than 10 million yen a year.
00:38:11There is another record.
00:38:16When a scholar brought 30 books and traveled from Kyoto to the west,
00:38:22Mitsukuni asked the government for 50 books in addition.
00:38:32There were more books than expected.
00:38:41Mitsukuni had to pay for most of the expenses.
00:38:46Mitsukuni had to pay for most of the expenses.
00:38:51However, the weather in Mitohan continued to deteriorate.
00:38:57There were many fires and other disasters.
00:39:04The proportion of food that the fishermen had to bear reached its peak during Mitsukuni's reign.
00:39:12Mitohan was said to have a population of 350,000.
00:39:18But it was said to have a population of only 280,000.
00:39:25Mitohan is the northern half of the current Ibaraki Prefecture.
00:39:31It's a mountainous area with no rice fields.
00:39:36It's a mountainous area with no rice fields.
00:39:41But it's a very expensive area.
00:39:46I think Mitohan was able to overcome the financial constraints.
00:39:52I think Mitohan was able to overcome the financial constraints.
00:39:57Mitsukuni tried to make the whole of Mitohan a private property.
00:40:03He saved money by cutting down on the number of meals.
00:40:08However, the situation deteriorated day by day.
00:40:15Mitohan was in a critical situation.
00:40:20Mitohan was in a critical situation.
00:40:26Is it okay to continue this huge business that costs a lot of money?
00:40:32Is it okay to continue this huge business that costs a lot of money?
00:40:45The age of war has ended.
00:40:49In the world of peace from now on, we need to hold a festival in a new way that will change the force of war.
00:41:00But there is no way that politics will be influenced by the thoughts of the Shogun of the time.
00:41:10Now is the time to learn history and clarify the past.
00:41:15It should be a guide to the way of the country from now on.
00:41:20It should be a guide to the way of the country from now on.
00:41:28But it's still a ridiculous business.
00:41:33It's still a ridiculous business.
00:41:39The people's lives are being cornered by the natural disaster.
00:41:44It is unreasonable to make more sacrifices.
00:41:48It is unforgivable.
00:41:54I think we should reduce the business here for the time being.
00:41:57I think we should reduce the business here for the time being.
00:42:00I think we should reduce the business here for the time being.
00:42:04I think we should reduce the business here for the time being.
00:42:07But can I say such a ridiculous thing?
00:42:14If my life runs out first, who will take over such a huge business?
00:42:24And I don't know when I'll be attacked by such a disaster again.
00:42:30If that happens, all the efforts so far will be in vain.
00:42:39I know that the whole country is suffering.
00:42:43If so, shouldn't we hurry to complete it all at once?
00:42:51Mitsuku was forced to make a choice.
00:42:57Mr. Oishi, I'd like to ask you before you make a choice.
00:43:01Was the national production business run by Mitsukuni such a big burden for Mitohan?
00:43:08Mitohan is a five-thirds family, so they have to face each other.
00:43:11That's important.
00:43:14As for the wealth, Edo is rich, so it costs a lot.
00:43:19In addition to that, there are various expenses, including taxes.
00:43:26This was also disadvantageous.
00:43:28Mitohan has no choice but to be poor.
00:43:31That's a pity.
00:43:33What's definitely different from other classes is that you have to be in Edo.
00:43:36It's called Edo Jo-fu.
00:43:38The lord has been in Edo for a long time.
00:43:40The national production business is also in Edo, so there are many books and scholars that are easy to do.
00:43:45But what happens when you do that?
00:43:48If you live in Mitohan Castle, you will be able to live in the Mitohan economy.
00:44:00But if you live in Edo, you will be sent to Edo.
00:44:03It's called Edo Vacuum.
00:44:05You will be sucked in.
00:44:08It's really hard for farmers over there.
00:44:12In the first place, the national production business is a business for the country.
00:44:17Can't you get support from the Ministry of Defense?
00:44:20If you get money from the Ministry of Defense, you will be ordered by the Ministry of Defense.
00:44:24You will be given orders.
00:44:26It's going to cost money, so let's make it a mutant.
00:44:29Let's make it a technology that goes from here to here.
00:44:32It's better to be a Tokugawa city, so don't do anything unnecessary.
00:44:36That's what they say.
00:44:38If you want to make a mutant, you have to do it on your own.
00:44:43Let's move on to the election.
00:44:45While Mitohan's economy is in crisis, what should we do about the national production business?
00:44:51Option 1. Reduce the national production business.
00:44:55Option 2. Expand the national production business.
00:44:59Which one would you choose?
00:45:02Mr. Ubukata, how about you?
00:45:04This is a really tough choice, but I would choose Option 2.
00:45:08I would choose to expand the business.
00:45:12First of all, we have to move from the military politics to the military politics.
00:45:18We have to move the people who were raised for the purpose of war to the cultural business.
00:45:26At that time, it was important to increase the number of people who could eat.
00:45:33Of course, it's not that Mitohan's people have to do it until they can bear it.
00:45:40They are trying to do something about the economic policy as a peasant.
00:45:46At this stage, I think that reducing the intellectual level of the people will be a loss for the future.
00:45:56I would choose Option 1. Reduce the intellectual level of the people.
00:46:02Mr. Ubukata, you are both a politician and a scholar with a hobby.
00:46:14I don't think it's a big problem for you to do it as a hobby.
00:46:19However, in the case of Mitsukuni, you are trying to create a new program that will change the country or oppose the country.
00:46:27It's impossible for you to do that.
00:46:31You are trying to be a member of the state as a member of the local government.
00:46:35So, if you think about it, you have to ensure the lives, production, security, and safety of the people.
00:46:44In this case, I think it was a situation that could not be reduced.
00:46:49Mr. Isora, what is your choice?
00:46:52I would choose Option 2. Enlarge the domestic production business.
00:46:58I think there are two good things.
00:47:01If you do this kind of research, you can get information about pharmaceuticals, medicine, and industry.
00:47:10You can see what kind of good production other groups are doing.
00:47:15You can spy on the production restrictions.
00:47:18If you do that, you can hire more people.
00:47:21Another thing is that if you do this kind of production business, you can hire more people and gain more knowledge.
00:47:30I think the biggest weapon to escape poverty is the head.
00:47:37Even if the economy is difficult, if you cut down intellectual aspects and culture,
00:47:44I'm afraid that the head and technology that will save us from poverty will be gone.
00:47:49I often see this in history.
00:47:54Which one did Mr. Mitsukuni choose?
00:48:02Should we reduce the domestic production business or not?
00:48:072 years later.
00:48:10According to the records, Mitsukuni has ordered a large-scale investigation of the private sector.
00:48:19He expanded the scope to the Kyushu region and thoroughly collected data.
00:48:26Mitsukuni chose to expand the business.
00:48:37In 1969, the number of private sector employees increased to 53.
00:48:45Mitsukuni rushed to completion with the economic burden on his shoulders.
00:48:54I gathered the servants, the samurai, and the family members in Mito Castle.
00:48:59We talked about it.
00:49:03I thought about it as the center of my reflection.
00:49:09I couldn't improve the difficult situation of the economy,
00:49:14and I'm sorry that I caused you a lot of trouble.
00:49:19Still, I thought about what I should do for the future 100 or 200 years.
00:49:25I thought about what I should do for the future 100 or 200 years.
00:49:30I thought about how to develop many cultural businesses,
00:49:34and how to preserve cultural property.
00:49:39I did it with a strong will that if I don't do it now, it won't be for the future.
00:49:50In the following 60 years, the main ceremony from Emperor Jinmu to Emperor Gokomatsu was completed.
00:50:00Finally, Mitsukuni's goal was achieved.
00:50:09Three years later.
00:50:16Mitsukuni passed away.
00:50:19He was 73 years old.
00:50:24Mitsukuni's will was passed on to the next emperor,
00:50:30and Mitsukuni's business with Japan continued in Mito Castle.
00:50:36However...
00:50:43Eight years after Mitsukuni's death,
00:50:46the farmers reached their limit, and they started the first wave that engulfed the whole castle.
00:50:55Even so, Mitsukuni's business with Japan continued for a long time.
00:51:08And then, in 1839,
00:51:13the first national history, the Japanese history, was completed.
00:51:24It was the first national history in Japan.
00:51:28It was used for the development of various fields, such as literature and astronomy.
00:51:36As a result, Mitsukuni became a cultural asset that opened up a new horizon for Japanese studies.
00:51:46However, in this process, Mitsukuni faced an unexpected historical tragedy.
00:51:56The idea of honoring the emperor, which was the foundation of Mitsukuni's Japanese history,
00:52:02was to develop independently within the Mito clan as a Mito school.
00:52:10It was an ideological driving force that promoted the slogan,
00:52:14Sonnojoi, at the end of the Edo period.
00:52:23And finally, the end of the Edo period, 260 years after the end of the Edo period, was struck.
00:52:33Mitsukuni's National History
00:52:37Mitsukuni Tokugawa challenged the national history of Japan with his whole life.
00:52:43What was left behind was unimaginable.
00:52:50First, let's talk about Mitsukuni's choice.
00:52:54His choice was to expand the national history business.
00:52:58Mr. Yabukata, what do you think?
00:53:00When a country's financial situation worsens,
00:53:04it may be a good idea to cut off its cultural business.
00:53:10However, what happens as a result is that the idea is narrowed down.
00:53:14I can't help but think of NASA.
00:53:17In the United States, when something goes wrong, NASA is always criticized.
00:53:21Why do we have to look at the universe?
00:53:23They say we should take care of the earth.
00:53:25Because of the development of the universe, new technologies were born.
00:53:30That's why the country's economic power is so strong.
00:53:34Although the history of Japan is long,
00:53:39there must have been a time when Japan had a hard time.
00:53:43After that, I think Japan brought a kind of wealth.
00:53:50And after a long time, the second history was finally completed.
00:53:54Mr. Yabukata, what do you think about the significance of this?
00:53:58It is very important to have a communication system with a certain degree of logic.
00:54:03We can verify at what stage we are in the long historical flow.
00:54:13I think Japanese people have a long-term position.
00:54:18However, the logic of the previous era was interpreted in a direction that was not intended.
00:54:26In some cases, I didn't think so, but it was an overseas policy.
00:54:32Mitsukuni was actively trying to do something overseas,
00:54:35and it wasn't that closed.
00:54:38But Mitsukuni was actively trying to get rid of foreigners.
00:54:43There are other interpretations that come out later.
00:54:49Mr. Oishi, what do you think?
00:54:52If you compare it to the relationship with the Edo Shogunate,
00:54:56the Edo Shogunate became an instrument and tried to write history.
00:55:03After Sekigahara, it was the first time in Japan that the Shogunate was placed in the Edo Shogunate.
00:55:09The Edo Shogunate started from scratch, and the Edo Shogunate became so rich and strong.
00:55:15The style of praising Shin-kun and Ieyasu-kun became commonplace.
00:55:19In the case of Mitsukuni, the history of Kyoto and Kansai has been connected for a long time.
00:55:28The Edo Shogunate was not only trying to establish the Shogunate,
00:55:33but also to show the legitimacy of the Shogunate.
00:55:37The Edo Shogunate was prepared to go beyond what the Tokugawa Shogunate was trying to do.
00:55:43At the end of the Tokugawa Shogunate, the Tokugawa Shogunate was great.
00:55:48I can't explain it with just the theory that the Tokugawa Shogunate was great.
00:55:53The Tokugawa Shogunate was built on the basis of the Tokugawa Shogunate.
00:55:57That's the result of the Ito War.
00:56:00However, I think Mitsukuni's ambition to establish the Tokugawa Shogunate was fulfilled.
00:56:11Right after the Michiro War, when the Dai Nihonshi was completed,
00:56:16Emperor Showa made the Tokugawa Shogunate the heir to the Hamushaku.
00:56:23Isn't that amazing?
00:56:26The Tokugawa Shogunate, the Yoshinobu family, and the Mitsukuni Shogunate were the only three that became the heir to the Hamushaku.
00:56:35The Tokugawa Shogunate took two seats in the Mitsukuni Shogunate.
00:56:41I wouldn't say that Emperor Showa's ambition to establish the Mitsukuni Shogunate was fulfilled,
00:56:46but I do feel that way.
00:56:50How about you, Mr. Bukata?
00:56:52What's interesting about the Mitsukuni Shogunate is that it's related to the beginning of the Bakufu and the end of the period.
00:57:01I often imagine how the Mitsukuni Shogunate would have been at the end of the Bakufu at this age.
00:57:08I wonder if they would have gotten along well with the Katsukai.
00:57:12The Mitsukuni Shogunate has a completely different face regardless of their age,
00:57:17and the Mitsukuni Shogunate has a completely different face regardless of the business they promote.
00:57:22We've seen a lot of things in Edo, and we can see the characteristics of politics very closely.
00:57:27We can see Japan as a whole, and we can see the history of Japan.
00:57:31Emperor Showa and the Bakufu were the first to establish an organization and make history.
00:57:37Emperor Showa and the Bakufu were the first to establish an organization and make history.
00:57:40I think that the greatness of the Mitsukuni Shogunate will eventually become the Mitsugaku Shogunate.
00:57:46Today, we looked at the project of the Tokugawa Mitsukuni Shogunate's national history distribution business.
00:57:51How about you, Mr. Isora?
00:57:53The Mitsukuni Shogunate didn't run away from the judgment of history.
00:57:59They tried to create a Japanese newspaper with a great ambition.
00:58:03But I think that the judgment of history is ultimately a guide.
00:58:10It applies to everyone.
00:58:14When you look at the world, what kind of guide do you look at the world with?
00:58:20What kind of guide do you live with when you live?
00:58:24Now that I think about it, the guides presented at the Mitsugaku Shogunate
00:58:29are not all useful.
00:58:33They were also abused.
00:58:35So, when you look at history, or when you look at the world,
00:58:41I thought I'd take care of my own guide
00:58:45and take care of the judgment of history.
00:58:49Thank you very much for today.
00:58:51Thank you very much.
00:59:16Humanience.
00:59:17The theme this time is healthy life.
00:59:20The secret is a mysterious triangle.
00:59:23What is living?
00:59:24That is, muscle training.
00:59:26BS, tonight at 10.45pm.
00:59:31The legendary witness, Kitabep Manabu.
00:59:34He won 200 control weapons.
00:59:37Ace.
00:59:39Speaking of which, Kitabep.
00:59:41NHK BS, tonight at 11.45pm.
00:59:46Kyoju, the pot of beauty.
00:59:49Life engraved in the eternal time.
00:59:52The revival of the five sacred trees.
00:59:54Kyoju is a miracle crystal.
00:59:57Look forward to it.