MEDI1TV Afrique : Zoom sur les résultats des législatives au Sénégal - 18/11/2024
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00:00Let's take a look at the latest news from France.
00:20The Senegal election is coming up and, as expected, the party in power should be in the lead by tomorrow evening.
00:33In any case, 8 months after the presidential elections, more than 7 million Senegalese voters were called yesterday to elect 165 deputies who will sit for a period of 5 years.
00:45The Senegalese president's party and the Prime Minister's party would have won three quarters of these seats at the National Assembly, according to several provisional partial results.
00:58Observers also agree that the Prime Minister Sonko is the master of the game, especially since he will be able to count on an entirely acquired majority since his party has campaigned without an alliance.
01:11However, a high-tension campaign is held in a turbulent socio-economic context.
01:17The economy is almost at a standstill, unemployment is at a record high and inflation is galloping.
01:21Public accounts are in the red and, to make matters worse, the International Monetary Fund is suspended.
01:27A Senegalese aid program?
01:29So, with a stable majority in the Assembly, how can the Pan-African duo of the left, Fay and Sonko, keep the promises of a prosperous, fair and transparent Senegal?
01:40I ask for answers tonight with our guests.
01:43First of all, on the set, my colleague and specialist in public relations, Bachir Thiam.
01:47Good evening and welcome to you on this set of Q&A.
01:50Good evening already. Thank you also, it's always nice to be with you on the set.
01:53It's a pleasure to share, dear Bachir.
01:56And joining us from Dakar, the specialist in political science and international relations, dear Sadi Boundiaye.
02:02Good evening and welcome to you too with us tonight.
02:06Good evening, thank you.
02:08I will start with you by recalling the context of these anticipated elections
02:17and we will perhaps start by recalling the dissolution of the Assembly.
02:24As you know, Senegal went through some difficult situations from 2014-2017 until 2024.
02:33It was necessary to organize presidential elections that were practically hectic and difficult to get out of their midst.
02:39Now, after these presidential elections, the president of the club saw practically this program being blocked at the level of the National Assembly
02:47and he went through the dissolution of this Assembly to call for anticipated elections.
02:51So, these elections saw his party, PASTEF, led by Osman Sonko, reflect practically the future.
02:59Today, we are talking about 130 or 140 deputies for this presidential majority.
03:04So, this symbolizes a renewal of the Senegalese executive, but also at the level of legislative power,
03:09because there will be a change, there will be the entry of new young deputies and other things too.
03:15So, to put it simply, there is a paradigm shift, a generational shift that is taking place in Senegalese democracy.
03:23And this is also another test of the robustness of this democracy, Bachir Tiam.
03:28It is not a surprise, in the end, that the ruling party largely wins the majority in the Assembly.
03:40It is a tradition, we can say that.
03:43Yes, it is a tradition, it is historical.
03:45Maybe not largely, but it won, yes.
03:47It won every time, since Senegal is Senegal.
03:50Because the party that wins the presidential election automatically wins the legislative elections.
03:55This is how it is done.
03:57It is in the movement of this momentum of support, and popular in general,
04:01because the Senegalese also vote by affection.
04:03They go for the candidate, then it becomes the party for the legislative elections, in this case.
04:09And generally, it gives that.
04:11So, we expected, yes, we expected a victory.
04:13I expected it, but maybe not to that extent.
04:16Not to that extent, announced anyway.
04:18Not yet confirmed, I repeat, but in any case, announced.
04:23And most likely, we are heading towards the three quarters of the Assembly,
04:28the seats of the Assembly, which will therefore be assigned,
04:32or which have been scrapped by the elected representatives of the past.
04:37Why, why so much?
04:39Why this momentum, in your opinion?
04:41I don't know how to explain it.
04:43First of all, it is because they may have stayed in the same movement.
04:46Because we must remember that in the presidential election,
04:49President Djamal Faye was elected in the first round.
04:52This is very rare, or it is very rare at this level of proportion,
04:56because he was elected with 54%, a little more, 54.28%, I think.
05:00Professor Ndiaye will correct us if this is not the case.
05:03So, elected in the first round, which was not the case in general.
05:08Either it was elected in the first round with 99.99%, and then it was settled.
05:12Now that everything is democratic, everything is clear and transparent,
05:16to go from the first round to this proportion, it was not easy.
05:20He did it.
05:21Indeed, in this dynamic, Senegal said,
05:24listen, we will go to the end, we will also entrust him with everything he wants,
05:29finally, to allow him to govern and run his program.
05:32I think it is this momentum that explains or justifies, in any case, this momentum.
05:38However, perhaps the participation rate was a little lower than usual.
05:4249.72%.
05:44A little lower than the presidential election,
05:46but, however, they made up for it, as they say.
05:49A comment precisely on this participation rate, dear Sadi Boundiaye, 49.72%.
05:56Yes.
05:57Yes, the participation rate is practically close to 50%.
06:01And besides, it is like that in Senegal, even during the last legislative elections,
06:04the participation rate was practically low.
06:06But, as Mr. Chiam said, indeed, you know, Senegal,
06:09Senegal, what it gives you is power, really,
06:12it accompanies you during these legislative elections,
06:14it gives you a lot of power.
06:15I was talking about legislative power.
06:17Now, this will allow our new authorities to really assess the program
06:23and really carry out what Senegal has gone through,
06:26as I said earlier, difficult situations from 2021 to 2024,
06:29where there were deaths, where there were demonstrations.
06:31Yes, and they always know a difficult situation,
06:33especially on the economic aspect.
06:36Indeed, on the economic aspect, all the indicators are practically red.
06:41This is why there was the transition, perhaps, of the authorities.
06:43When they took power, they carried out investigations,
06:46they held press conferences to unfold,
06:49to say quite simply what they found, really, at the level of this country.
06:54And really, the United States, you saw,
06:56the United States has practically responded negatively to Senegal
06:59in relation to these aspects.
07:00So, the Senegalese economy is currently moving.
07:03Now, it is up to its authorities to reboost the Senegalese economy.
07:06Indeed, there is a proposal of a program that was put in place by the Prime Minister
07:10with the Senegal Vision 2050 program,
07:12where he showed the ways and the contours that he wants to put in place
07:15to allow the country's endogenous development with the development poles.
07:19And this was especially noticeable during his election campaign.
07:22Because instead of doing a tour or really an election campaign
07:27that is going to be based on investments,
07:29at the beginning of his campaign, perhaps, he showed Senegal
07:33that he has a program to unfold, a vision to lead.
07:37So, this vision that is practically defined with the President of the United States.
07:41So, that's why earlier I was telling you about the paradigm shift.
07:45There is a paradigm shift, a generational shift,
07:47which is slowly taking place.
07:49Now, the actors must be able to agree on these facts.
07:53Because Senegal, as I said earlier, is a small country,
07:56but a great democracy, an exemplary democracy on the African continent.
08:00A democracy that must really succeed on all levels.
08:04Now, regarding the economic level that we talked about earlier,
08:07there are endogenous proposals that will be put in place.
08:11Moreover, in his Senegal Vision 2050…
08:13What do you mean by endogenous proposals?
08:16Sorry?
08:17What do you mean by endogenous proposals?
08:21That is, to build the country's development from within.
08:25That is, terroirs from agriculture, livestock, fishing, etc.
08:29Because these are the aspects that are really the engines of the Senegalese economy.
08:33So, the primary sector, the tertiary sector.
08:35A system must be put in place that will allow these sectors to be boosted,
08:39with financing that will allow the country to emerge.
08:43Because, what can we say?
08:45Senegal is one of the poorest countries in the world,
08:47with a very low GDP, with a very low GDP.
08:51Now, to boost this, we need to leave the areas, the terroirs,
08:54that is, Senegal from within, from agriculture,
08:57really from livestock, to strengthen these sectors,
08:59to allow a really endogenous development,
09:01a development that will allow young people and businesses to be attractive,
09:05but also young people to really have jobs.
09:08How, on the basis of these two sectors,
09:12can we build a competitive economy,
09:14as promised by the Senegal Vision 2050?
09:17What do you think, Sadi Boundiaye?
09:21The Senegalese economy is really a dependent economy,
09:24with several exogenous factors.
09:26The Senegalese economy really depends on financing from abroad.
09:32But do you think that by acting,
09:34by revealing figures that have shown that the Senegalese currency
09:39has been degraded by two notary agencies,
09:41with the repercussions that we know of for access to foreign financing,
09:47this is a decision that was taken by the Prime Minister a few weeks ago,
09:53don't you think that it might still affect
09:58this revival of the Senegalese economy?
10:02You know, every start is difficult,
10:05because from the beginning, really,
10:08as soon as they took power,
10:10they made the Senegalese aware
10:12that they didn't want to start on false foundations.
10:15They simply wanted to show Senegal the truth,
10:18that figures have been hidden.
10:20That's what they say, up to now,
10:22that figures have been hidden.
10:24That's what they say.
10:25So, is it true or not?
10:26In any case, what is true is that today,
10:28Senegal will have a hard time aspiring to the service of international debt.
10:34Indeed.
10:35Already, the debt service is very expensive in Senegal,
10:37almost 5 billion per year.
10:39It's something that really complicates things, I mean.
10:44So, it's important for these new authorities to start on new foundations.
10:48That's why they set up the Senegal Vision 2015 program,
10:51to start on new foundations.
10:53And I think that by giving them the majority at the assembly level,
10:56the people have done everything.
10:58Now, the ball is in their court, as we say.
11:00So, it's important for them to get results here in a few years.
11:04Because we also know that we can't build a country that lasts 7 months,
11:08or 8 months, or a year.
11:09It takes time to set up mechanisms
11:11that will allow us to boost these different sectors that are practically in the red.
11:15Exactly.
11:16Because the Senegalese economy has plummeted.
11:17So, really, the debt that is plummeting, and other aspects.
11:20Now, of course, there is really the entry of oil and gas.
11:24So, this will contribute to boosting the Senegalese economy.
11:28But that doesn't mean that…
11:30It doesn't happen overnight, either.
11:33Yes, indeed.
11:34So, as you know, the oil and gas sector,
11:37these are really factors that will weigh on the country's economic weight.
11:41And this will perhaps allow Senegal to get out of it.
11:44Now, we shouldn't just rely on oil and gas.
11:48So, they understood that.
11:50That's why, in their program, they talk about development
11:53by focusing on land, agriculture, fishing, and livestock.
11:58So, well, by 2050, we must already respond to emergencies.
12:04Now, we are talking about, as I said earlier,
12:06the introduction of an economy that is almost at a standstill.
12:09A great athenticism, an unemployment that reaches this record of 20% of the population,
12:15on average, of course, a lot among young people.
12:19We have a new assembly that has just been elected,
12:24with a large majority to be announced for the PASTEF party,
12:32the leading duo.
12:35There is the budget, there is the approval of a contested amnesty law,
12:40the renegotiation of the Leonin contract with foreign partners,
12:44the transformation of the state of justice.
12:47How will these priorities take shape with the new Don,
12:53with a majority of the party in power at the National Assembly?
12:57In any case, on the strictly institutional level,
13:00so constitution, etc., it is certain that they have a clear shot.
13:04That must be said.
13:05If they have, as Professor Ndiaye mentioned earlier,
13:09between 120 and 130 seats, they are a large majority, out of 165.
13:14We agree on that.
13:15So, they can carry out the reform as they see fit.
13:18So, we will no longer ask this question,
13:21because it is the one that prevailed at the dissolution of the assembly,
13:24because it was not possible, after five months already, to take place.
13:27So, they said it was impossible.
13:29We have to go back to elections.
13:31They did it, they won.
13:32Now that they have all the latitude to take place,
13:35we will wait for them at the turn.
13:37Just a small minus, I think too,
13:39because to say outright that the country is on the ground,
13:42according to the figures that have been revealed,
13:45in addition, other figures from the African Development Bank,
13:48that I consulted too,
13:50prove today that this is not true at all.
13:53We are not really on the ground.
13:55It's true.
13:56The economy has regressed, indeed,
13:58because we have gone through a huge health crisis.
14:01We have to remember that.
14:02And then there is a long political crisis
14:04that settled in Senegal between 2021 and 2024.
14:07They didn't work.
14:08They spent their time doing politics.
14:10The politics of the street, in addition.
14:12And it gave what it gave as an image and as a consequence.
14:16But one of the consequences, perhaps positive,
14:18is that which made the PASTEF,
14:22which was at the time in opposition,
14:24in power and which pacified,
14:26you mention the law of amnesty,
14:31which pacified politics a little
14:34and allowed the PASTEF to be in power today.
14:37Now that they are in power, they have full power,
14:39we will remind them too, it is up to them to take place.
14:42And the reforms proposed by...
14:45There are some that will be made without consequences.
14:48It doesn't need a budget, etc.
14:50Reforming an administration is easy.
14:52They had promised, before coming to power,
14:55to name us now, from now on,
14:58in any case, in front of the public agencies,
15:01only by appeal.
15:03Appeal to candidacy, sorry.
15:04To candidacy, yes.
15:05That's it.
15:06Which has not been respected since the first nominations.
15:10So, it still raised doubts in the public opinion.
15:14All this allows the Senegalese to come today,
15:18because the PASTEF is in power,
15:20they have full power, they have nothing to do,
15:22that's how the Senegalese will wait for them, I think,
15:24at the turn of what is happening now.
15:26Because it will not be settled overnight, that's clear.
15:30They have five years, if it is renewed twice,
15:32it will take ten years.
15:33– But if they have five years,
15:34why put in place a plan for 2050?
15:37It's a simple question, a little naive.
15:40– Yes, absolutely.
15:41– But here we have a mandate that ends in five years,
15:45but we have a plan for 2050.
15:47– Yes, it's simply because life continues after men.
15:50Men leave and institutions remain.
15:52These are visions on the long term.
15:54– These are visions that also depend on the people who decide,
15:58the decision-makers of their mandates, of their political agenda.
16:01– Absolutely.
16:02– Let's remember that every decision-maker
16:03has a political agenda behind it, doesn't he?
16:05– Absolutely, I agree.
16:06But at the same time, we may have to project ourselves
16:08on the long term to be able to decline,
16:10because we can't build a highway in five years.
16:13We can't build ports and airports in five years.
16:16– What does Senegal need today?
16:18– Under the control of Professor Ndiaye, Senegal…
16:20– I was going to ask him the same question, but I'll start with you.
16:22– Senegal needs to put education back in its population.
16:26That's what they need.
16:28They need to put education, training back in.
16:30That's the basis of all African countries in general.
16:34– It's not part of the New Deal promises.
16:36– Precisely, that's where I get the doubt in my head.
16:40How to manage a country that should develop
16:44thanks to natural resources,
16:46if we don't have the necessary frameworks to manage it?
16:50Today, most of the Senegalese frameworks are abroad,
16:55they live abroad.
16:57Do we need to bring them back?
16:59In which case, what do we do with those who are there?
17:01So I think there is a strong dose of training
17:03that needs to be put in place to, as we say,
17:05upgrade human resources.
17:07We need that, and that's what Senegal is missing.
17:10It can be heard in speech, it can be heard in practice,
17:13it can be seen in the behaviour of Senegalese every day.
17:16And today, we almost fell into the irreparable.
17:20I think it has been saved.
17:22Mr. Ndiaye said it.
17:24The strength of this democracy has saved us again.
17:27– In extremis.
17:28– He said it.
17:29– Let's remember, eight months ago,
17:31on the eve of these elections,
17:33with all the violence, etc.,
17:35which unfortunately accompanied this electoral campaign.
17:38Dear Sadi Boundiaye, I make you react too.
17:41I ask you the same question.
17:43What is the absolute urgency today?
17:47What does Senegal need today, in your opinion?
17:51Is it aligned with the promises and the action plan,
17:55at least in the short term, not in 2050,
17:58of the new executive, with the absolute support of the Assembly?
18:04– As Sidi said, Senegal needs education.
18:09As I also used to say,
18:11development is simply satisfying primary needs.
18:15What are the primary needs?
18:16It's education, investing in education, in training.
18:19It's also health, it's also peace and stability.
18:22It's just that, development in short.
18:24So if you govern a country,
18:26you really have to have long-term methods
18:29regarding education, health and other aspects
18:32that practically govern the active life of the population.
18:35If you don't succeed in this sector,
18:37I think you have failed.
18:38And this new government is fully aware
18:41that Senegal needs these aspects.
18:43– Yes, but this new government is not 25 years old.
18:47– No, you know…
18:49– It's not supposed to be 25 years old.
18:53– The people pass and the institutions remain.
18:56They may have their vision for 2050,
18:59which they will try to make come true.
19:01Now, when others will come,
19:03they will also try to see how to continue this program,
19:06how to reinforce, renew or put in place our program.
19:09It's as simple as that.
19:10So they have the right to have a vision for 2050,
19:13how they see Senegal,
19:15what are the engines and sectors that really need to be boosted,
19:18that need to be put in place to allow the country
19:20to have a development that is no longer focused
19:23on these multinationals,
19:25which are practically, excuse me for the term,
19:28that suck our economy.
19:29So it is important to collaborate,
19:31to cooperate with these multinationals
19:34and other banks and so on.
19:36But it is also important to build a solid,
19:39endogenous economy.
19:40Because if you don't succeed,
19:41and that's the target of Africa,
19:42because most African countries
19:44have economies that are practically
19:46linked to other aspects that are exogenous.
19:49So if African countries succeed in putting in place
19:52mechanisms or sectors in their country
19:55that will allow for an endogenous development
19:58on education, on science.
20:00Because today the world is open.
20:02So they can cooperate with everyone.
20:05With Beijing, with Washington, Moscow, and so on.
20:08So the doors are really open.
20:10Now this new government is aware of this.
20:14So that's why in the Vision Senegal 2050 program,
20:17we are participating in this Senegal development
20:20in different pools.
20:21But also education, as you mentioned earlier,
20:24you said that maybe this new government
20:27has not fully taken care of education.
20:30I say yes.
20:31Because in many of their speeches
20:33and in many of their speeches,
20:35they still talked about education,
20:37what they plan to put in place
20:39in relation to the Senegalese education system,
20:41the modernization they will put in place
20:44in relation to universities in the south,
20:46the reinforcement of new universities
20:48to allow access to Senegal,
20:50to young Senegalese, to these universities.
20:52And also to training.
20:54Because you have to know that Senegal
20:56is also a country full of young people.
20:58Senegal will reach,
21:00according to the NSD, by 2030,
21:0225 to 30 million inhabitants.
21:06So you can say that it is an almost young country.
21:08It is a country that has a future.
21:10So for that, you really need
21:12quite responsible authorities
21:14who will define aspects and plans
21:16that will really allow these young people
21:18to get by.
21:20Despite the fact that we are talking about
21:22the discovery of gas and oil,
21:24I think these are things that will reinforce
21:26the Senegalese economy.
21:28But we know that right now,
21:30all the indicators are practically in the red.
21:32And it is important for these new authorities
21:34to have a manoeuvre.
21:36But this also does not prevent the Senegalese
21:38from having a say in what these authorities will do.
21:40Because the Senegalese electorate
21:42is someone who is very conscious,
21:44someone who knows what they are doing.
21:46And if the results do not follow
21:48the political actions that have been imposed,
21:50I think that the Senegalese electorate
21:52is capable of sanctioning,
21:54and is also capable of manifesting
21:56to speak, to see, and to say
21:58that there are really shortcomings
22:00that have been noted.
22:02So Senegal is a country that has
22:04an active political life,
22:06with a strong civil society,
22:08and a young country
22:10that also has people
22:12who are responsible,
22:14from the independents to our day,
22:16from Senegal to Aboulaoua,
22:18to Maguissal and Diomaïs.
22:20I think that the Senegalese administration
22:22has always been at the top.
22:24Certainly, there have been shortcomings
22:26that have been noted by the new regime.
22:28And in any case,
22:30we hope that they will be corrected.
22:32But after a few years of this,
22:34I think that if the results are late,
22:36it is up to the Senegalese electorate
22:38to choose in a democratic way.
22:40Senegal is very resilient.
22:42The Senegalese electorate has accompanied
22:44this new regime in resilience
22:46since 2021, with all the problems
22:48that have arisen in this country.
22:50Now, they belong to these leaders
22:52who have practically all the aspects
22:54in hand, really to unfold
22:56and to leave a bit of
22:58political politics.
23:00Speaking of that,
23:02leave political politics.
23:04I want to call on you on this slogan,
23:06this promise made in the name of,
23:08I quote, a left-wing pan-Africanism.
23:10Do Senegalese people need
23:12economy or ideology today?
23:14Senegalese people need economy.
23:16Ideology is good because any economy
23:18is also accompanied by ideology.
23:20Because Senegalese people,
23:22I mean in general,
23:24are really aware of the ideology
23:26that the past party has brought them
23:28concerning self-donation,
23:30self-donation for the country,
23:32and so on.
23:34And by the way, this has been
23:36going on for generations,
23:38because ideology has not only
23:40come with the past,
23:42it has been with the independents,
23:44with the socialists, the liberals.
23:46Yes, but we are in 2024.
23:48The independents are more than
23:50five, six decades old.
23:52We don't understand what
23:54pan-Africanism is doing for some.
23:56If we want to give jobs
23:58to Senegalese people,
24:00pan-Africanism is going to give jobs
24:02to hundreds of thousands of young people
24:04who don't have any today.
24:06We are not saying that pan-Africanism
24:08is going to give jobs,
24:10but we need an African renewal
24:12in everything we do.
24:14We need a real belief
24:16in these actors, in these factors,
24:18because pan-Africanism is not
24:20just an ideology.
24:22We speak like this to speak,
24:24but it is a real ideology.
24:26It is a real ideology that has been
24:28created by the great personalities of the country,
24:30like Korman, Lumumba, and so on.
24:32So, to believe in these ideologies
24:34does not mean that when you are going
24:36to hold power, you are not going to work
24:38or bring mechanisms that will really
24:40allow the country to have access
24:42to these problems that I told you about
24:44regarding development.
24:46So, if these leaders will not come
24:48with this African ideology,
24:50but with other mechanisms,
24:52either endogenous or exogenous,
24:54they will put these mechanisms in place
24:56to find jobs and to be better trained.
24:58Because young Senegalese are asking
25:00to be better trained.
25:02I think this is the only alternative.
25:04Because if Africa does not turn
25:06towards training, towards education,
25:08I think it is a total failure for the African continent.
25:10Very good.
25:12I see that Bachir Chab has
25:14put a word at the end,
25:16Bachir, precisely to close this debate.
25:18Yes, for training, because first of all,
25:20for pan-Africanism, I would have liked
25:22pan-Africanism simply, but on the left.
25:24Precisely.
25:26Because again, we fall back on the ideological
25:28traverse that you mention without going deeper.
25:30Because today, we need to eat,
25:32to work, to heal.
25:34We need that.
25:36So, this triptych must be put in place
25:38by developing what, precisely,
25:40we mentioned earlier,
25:42we must go back to solid foundations.
25:44That is, the training, the education
25:46that we had, he spoke of the 60s.
25:48We, when we were still children,
25:50President Senghor made us dream,
25:52he promised us that the year 2000,
25:54Dakar would be like Paris.
25:56We waited for that day.
25:58We said, but what was Paris at the time?
26:00We did not know, but he promised us that Dakar would be like Paris.
26:02Today, Dakar is closer to other things
26:04than Paris, we will say it like that.
26:06Because indeed, in the meantime,
26:08everything has degraded, everything is
26:10popularized around Dakar and in Dakar.
26:12Exactly.
26:14And then, the people, I will say it like that,
26:16has taken over
26:18the public space.
26:20So, the more people do not know
26:22where to go, everything is sold,
26:24everything is built, a little everywhere,
26:26there is no greenery, everything.
26:28Dakar is above all, for a beautiful capital
26:30that was to look like Paris at some point.
26:32I think that at some point,
26:34we have to stop and start again
26:36from the bottom, saying,
26:38we need an educated population first.
26:40This is the one that can behave
26:42as a model citizen,
26:44so that everything works around him.
26:46Because today, we are still in the destruction.
26:48You have seen the campaign,
26:50you have mentioned it, the campaign was very, very violent.
26:52In the debates, I follow the Senegalese media a bit,
26:54the verb is very violent,
26:56on the set, it is very, very violent.
26:58The first trends yesterday,
27:00we were talking about crushing,
27:02a crushing majority.
27:04Why are we talking about all this?
27:06A large majority, that's enough to say that.
27:08An absolute majority, that's enough.
27:10We don't realize it, but it is
27:12a verbal violence that is banalized
27:14in Senegalese society,
27:16that there is a population,
27:18a very, very pacific society at the beginning.
27:20The Senegalese did not know how to kill,
27:22the Senegalese did not see death.
27:24Today, seeing death,
27:26or seeing deaths in the streets of Senegal,
27:28it has become almost banal.
27:30For 12 years, we will say that,
27:32for 15, 20 years soon.
27:34But we have to remedy that,
27:36and for that, we have to recreate the Senegalese model,
27:38the model citizen, educated, trained,
27:40and well-educated.
27:42I think this is the B.A.B. of what is needed.
27:44This is the voice of reason.
27:46Thank you very much, Bachir Thiam.
27:50I would also like to thank
27:52Mr. Sadi Boundiaye.
27:54Thank you for being with us,
27:56and for answering our questions.
28:00This is the end of this episode of Q&A.
28:02Have a good evening.