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Short filmTranscript
00:00What is the meaning of life in the human body series?
00:08This is the second episode, Mr. Tamori.
00:10Yes.
00:12The candle is a little shorter than the last one.
00:16I wonder if it will last until the next episode.
00:19I wonder.
00:21In the last episode, we looked at each cell.
00:25Today, we are going to think about the life of humans.
00:31It's a little scaled up.
00:33It's pretty scaled up.
00:35Our human life, which cannot be described with just one cell,
00:42That's the theme of today.
00:46The cells that make up all the organisms that live on this earth.
00:57In the last episode, I told you about the world of mysterious substances,
01:03the cells that move one cell.
01:07But your body is not made up of just one cell.
01:17The cells that create the light of complicated and delicate human life are about 40 trillion.
01:28For example, the cells of the body that have been seen with the latest visualization technology.
01:36The process of millions of cells gradually changing their formation and becoming the shape of a finger was captured by the revolution.
01:48We multicellular organisms are very complicated and completely different from one cell.
01:55How do multiverse cells that shape the human body work together?
02:03It's being unraveled one after another.
02:08All cells?
02:09Wow, I don't know.
02:13However, in exchange for getting this body, we also had a big destiny.
02:22It's death.
02:26When the cells gather and begin to shine as the life of man,
02:32Why did you have to carry death at the same time?
02:38I'm approaching the truth of life at the bottom of your body.
02:48How can I complete this life?
02:53The smallest unit of life, cells, is a miracle that has been inherited from the beginning of life a long time ago.
03:04Why are we alive?
03:08Let's find the source of the shining life.
03:22The Story of Destiny
03:27Today is the story of destiny that carries the life of man.
03:41It's too strong.
03:43It's sad, but it's sad.
03:45It's too early to be sad.
03:48I'm sorry. I'm sorry.
03:52It's a little hard to cut from behind.
03:56Here you go.
04:02Kobayashi Kenichiro is 85 years old, the world's leader with the mysterious power of the sword of fire.
04:11He continues to shine on the stage, but on the other side...
04:21I'm scared when I stumble.
04:26When I went to perform at the London Philharmonic,
04:31there were seven steps to the entrance.
04:36I stepped off the seven steps and fell to the first step.
04:41My legs didn't move, my hands didn't move.
04:45My face was covered in blood.
04:48My hands didn't move, my face was covered in blood.
04:51Since then, I've been scared of the stairs.
04:58The story of destiny that no one can escape.
05:09Is it hard?
05:11It's a little hard.
05:13Let's open it.
05:16It hurts.
05:18It hurts, doesn't it?
05:19Yes.
05:23A serious offer came to Kobayashi Kenichiro.
05:30It's a concert that takes half a day to play all nine songs in a row.
05:43You can't just stand there.
05:45You can't do this.
05:49Do you do it all?
05:50Yes.
05:51I don't know.
05:53Twelve hours.
05:55I see.
05:56That's a lot.
05:58When I was told to come out, I had no choice but to go.
06:05I was terrified.
06:09It was the end of my life.
06:14That's the saddest part.
06:21Thank you very much.
06:28What is Oito?
06:32In fact, the truth will be revealed when we go to the site of the latest science.
06:44The mechanisms of aging are being unraveled by research.
06:50In the past five years, not only cell-level research,
06:54but also medical applications targeting humans have been dramatically accelerated.
07:02Now, medicine to treat aging has appeared.
07:07The clinical trial has begun.
07:11When applied to an elderly person who has a tendency to lungs,
07:15the exercise function has recovered.
07:20The mouse experiment has yielded even more results.
07:26Comparing a mouse that has aged to the age of 70,
07:31and a mouse that has been given medicine for a month,
07:37the mouse that has been given medicine does not fall easily.
07:43It has shown a surprising effect of recovering muscle strength, endurance, and various internal organs.
07:55This medicine was made because it was found to be one of the important factors leading to aging.
08:03The key is the cell that has stopped division, the aging cell.
08:13It has become clear that aging cells, which increase with age,
08:18produce unique chemical substances and cause inflammation in the surrounding cells.
08:26The characteristic of aging cells is that they cause membrane inflammation in the surrounding cells.
08:32As a result, the function of the organs and tissues decreases.
08:36This is what we call aging.
08:40The medicine that can remove these aging cells is that aging medicine.
08:47I would like to aim for a society where the elderly only get sick as much as people in their 20s and 30s.
08:57In addition, there are researchers who are trying to approach the essence of aging by stepping into the fundamental mechanism of the human body.
09:06This is Dr. Izupis A. Belmonte, a biologist.
09:11This is a photo with my friend, Shinya.
09:18Dr. Belmonte is doing research using the technology of iPS cells.
09:25What caught his attention was the mechanism of division.
09:31The cells start to be divided into different cells.
09:37Every cell starts to have its own function.
09:42Every cell starts to be divided into different cells.
09:46Every cell starts to have functions that differ from the other.
09:51That process that we call differentiation.
09:56Your cells start to be divided into different cells.
10:01Gradually, they acquire certain abilities.
10:06If you follow this path to the end, you will become the ultimate expert.
10:13For example, the cells that smell inside the nose.
10:18If you compare it with the ovarian, you can see that the shape has changed completely.
10:28Once it becomes like this, it can no longer be divided.
10:34If that happens, all you have to do is rub it off and leave it.
10:40This one-way system is called division.
10:48In fact, Dr. Yamanaka's iPS cells were a revolutionary discovery related to this division.
10:56They rewind the time of the cells, reset the shape and function, and return them before they are divided.
11:09Now, Dr. Belmonte has developed this technology further.
11:14He is doing research to reverse the aging and disease by rewinding only the age of the cells.
11:26In the early stage of the experiment using a mouse, we were able to see the growth of life.
11:35If you think about the possibility of returning the cells to their young state,
11:40you can't imagine anything more surprising.
11:46This research has unprecedented potential for human health.
11:57Amazing things are happening.
12:01I can't believe this is happening.
12:04That's right.
12:05We can see that the aging of the cells leads to life.
12:10That means that if the cells don't get old, there will be no aging.
12:15That's right.
12:18In the background of many diseases, aging is lurking.
12:23By reversing the aging caused by common diseases, we can cure diseases.
12:30Many researchers are aiming to extend the lifespan of health.
12:37The culture is deeply related to aging.
12:43When the cells start to work professionally, the shape becomes unique and interesting.
12:49This is the inside of the ear.
12:52There is hair inside.
12:55When you hear the sound, the hair vibrates.
13:00The cells feel the movement, send signals to the brain, and feel the sound.
13:07This is a very successful system.
13:11But when they get older, they look like this.
13:15What is this?
13:17I feel like I failed to grow bean sprouts.
13:22If this happens once, it won't come back.
13:27When the cells split and stop splitting, the rest of them shrink.
13:34So, if they don't split, they won't age?
13:39In fact, there is such a creature.
13:44This is the colon.
13:47When they split, there is no distinction between the two cells.
13:51There is no parent or child.
13:55There is no concept of offspring.
13:58So, I have an ultimate question for you.
14:04I'd like you to compare it.
14:07Which is better, the human colon or the colon?
14:13The colon has no offspring.
14:16The colon has no offspring.
14:19The colon has no offspring.
14:22The colon has no offspring.
14:25Does the colon have no offspring?
14:28Basically, no.
14:31What about the old colon?
14:34I've never seen the old colon.
14:37But this is the ultimate choice.
14:40The colon is also good.
14:44Speaking of pleasure, it's pleasure.
14:49The culture of cells is a mechanism that leads to offspring and death.
14:54But on the other hand, humans have gained something very important.
15:01For example, when you listen to beautiful music,
15:07in the back of your ears, the hairy cells rub off the important hair and deliver sound.
15:17For example, when you look at the view,
15:22in your eyes, the cells dissolve the contents and extend thinly.
15:33And when you step on the ground,
15:38the thin muscles of each cell contract together and give you great power.
15:47By the wonderful specialists in your body cooperating with each other,
15:54the high-level functions of humans are supported.
16:01Now, with the advancement of analysis technology,
16:05it has become clear that our cells are diverse enough to overturn the common sense of the past.
16:12On Wikipedia and textbooks, it says that there are 200 types of cells.
16:19But if you look at them in detail,
16:23you can see that there are so many different subtypes, cell states, and so on.
16:31For example, there are more than 3,000 types of neural cells
16:39in the human brain.
16:48These vast types of cells create your emotions and consciousness.
16:58Each cell is like an individual player.
17:03Our bodies are all working together.
17:09Our bodies are made to play as one orchestra.
17:19It's a huge price to bear.
17:25But in return, we have a rich body and mind to enjoy life.
17:31That's who we are.
17:36Great!
17:41It's totally different from what we saw before.
17:47It's really mysterious.
17:49I can't help but think about how to do one thing.
17:54There are so many cells, each of them has a role.
17:58There are eyes, nose, and ears.
18:01Our bodies experience and live in different ways every day.
18:10It's really mysterious.
18:13It's a different way of thinking.
18:15Our human consciousness is also made up of cells.
18:20That's right.
18:22The brain is made up of cells.
18:26We still don't know what our minds can do.
18:33Of course, there's a negative side to it.
18:38It's a deal with the devil.
18:43I'm not good at dealing with large-scale problems.
18:47But there are times when you can do your best.
18:52If you don't know how long you can do it, you won't be able to do it.
18:58I feel the same way.
18:59Humans are the best.
19:07New Year's Eve.
19:15Good morning.
19:21The Beethoven Concerto takes place in the middle of the day.
19:25It's finally the day of the concert.
19:31Mr. Kobaken is exhausted.
19:34The concert continued at the end of the year, and he couldn't take a break for a week.
19:44At 12 noon, more than 2,000 spectators came in.
19:52The concert is over.
20:05My son told me to come back alive.
20:11The concert is scheduled to end at 11.30 p.m.
20:16Thank you very much.
20:25It's finally starting.
20:46The next day.
20:59When he stood on the stage, his expression was different from that of an orchestra.
21:05He's so serious.
21:07He looks different.
21:16The next day.
21:28The concert lasts three hours.
21:30Some of the performers take turns, but Mr. Kobaken continues to play by himself.
21:455.30 p.m.
22:015.30 p.m.
22:04Mr. Kobaken continues to play by himself.
22:15When he returns to the dressing room, the medical team begins to prevent dehydration.
22:24However, he takes a break and returns to the stage.
22:455.30 p.m.
22:48Mr. Kobaken is like a flame.
22:52Where is the source of this energy that springs up into the human body?
23:04It's amazing to do this for 12 hours.
23:07Is that energy a mental force?
23:11I don't know.
23:13There is a tool to make it easier to understand.
23:19Mr. Ishikawa, I used to play table tennis when I was in elementary school.
23:28Mr. Ishikawa, please do it in a cool way.
23:36Thank you very much.
23:38This is the racket.
23:40This is a racket made by Mr. Ishikawa.
23:44This is 100 million times the energy.
23:47That's right.
23:49What is 100 million times?
23:51This is the energy that Mr. Ishikawa uses when he uses his muscles.
23:56This is 100 million times the energy of a muscle.
24:03I used this amazing energy in an instant.
24:09This is amazing energy.
24:11This is 100 million times.
24:13There is a secret in our cells.
24:17Thanks to that, 100 million times of energy is generated.
24:22This secret is the key.
24:28In order for our lives to shine, it is not enough to have just a variety of cells.
24:37We need a huge amount of energy to move high-performance cells.
24:45In fact, the secret is in one of the cells that we saw in the first episode.
24:57There are a lot of substances in the cells.
25:03All of them are moving in a strange way.
25:08Our lives are enlivened by the work of these cells.
25:21For example, this is kinesin.
25:23Kinesin plays an important role in carrying substances that are the source of emotions, such as our joys and sorrows.
25:35Our bodies and emotions move thanks to the cells.
25:43In addition, there is a huge amount of energy in the cells that moves the human body.
25:56This is it.
25:59It's like a huge red cod roe.
26:05Let me introduce you to it.
26:12Is this it?
26:13Yes, it is.
26:15It looks like a cod roe to me.
26:19There are a lot of them.
26:22A cod roe is enough for one person to eat.
26:26This cod roe is an energy-producing device.
26:31It sounds like a cod roe, but the official name is different.
26:39What is it?
26:41What is it?
26:43Do you know what it is?
26:45This is a cod roe.
26:50The hint is Mitochondria.
26:56That's a great answer.
26:58Mitochondria?
27:01Mitochondria was green in our time.
27:06In fact, Mitochondria contains a pigment.
27:12Here is the image of the pigment.
27:18Is this the color of cod roe?
27:20It's exactly red.
27:23Is this cod roe alive?
27:25That's a sharp question.
27:29We talked about the fact that there are no living things in the cells.
27:34However, cod roe is actually a cell.
27:38A cell?
27:39It was a cell.
27:40An ex-cell?
27:41Yes, an ex-cell.
27:42An ex-ex-cell?
27:43Yes.
27:44It's a microorganism of a single cell.
27:46A microorganism of cod roe entered into our cells a long time ago.
27:52And they coexisted with each other.
27:56I am the source of energy production.
27:59Our cells and cod roe are in contact with each other.
28:07That's right.
28:08In order for the cells of our entire body to move.
28:15Mitochondria produces a huge amount of energy in the cells.
28:23Now, let's go and see what it looks like.
28:32This is the inside of the cells.
28:35There are many lifeless characters supporting life.
28:43Oh, that's...
28:45That walking kinesin is carrying an important luggage.
28:50Mitochondria is moving these characters.
29:01Oh, there it is.
29:03It's Mitochondria.
29:06Oh, it's big.
29:09There are hundreds of cells in a single cell.
29:14Mitochondria is much bigger than other characters.
29:22Many kinesins are cooperating with each other.
29:26Oh, Mitochondria is releasing a sparkling light.
29:33What is it?
29:36It's a kinesin.
29:39It's a kinesin.
29:42It's a kinesin.
29:45It's a kinesin.
29:48It's a kinesin.
29:51It's a kinesin.
29:53It's a kinesin.
29:56What's going on?
29:59Let's go inside.
30:08The parts are lined up in a line like a factory.
30:16Oh, the particles of light are being produced.
30:20It's a molecule called ATP.
30:26It's being produced more and more every time the particles rotate.
30:35Actually, these sparkling particles are the energy that moves the characters in the cells.
30:45Pay attention to the feet.
30:48Those particles are colliding.
30:52If you look at it slowly,
30:57the particles collide with the feet.
31:00As they receive energy, they move forward step by step.
31:06ATP is a magical energy that moves the characters in the cells.
31:14Not only the kinesin, but also the cells are working by relying on Mitochondria.
31:26Mitochondria drives the cells all over the body.
31:31Mitochondria drives the cells all over the body.
31:36Thanks to its power, some people have regained the lives they once lost.
31:42Some people have regained the lives they once lost.
32:00This is Georgia Bowen.
32:02Yeah.
32:05Yeah.
32:08Georgia was born four weeks earlier than planned seven years ago.
32:18Her heart was weak, and her life was barely connected due to population anxiety.
32:27Boston Children's Hospital, the world's most advanced hospital for cancer treatment,
32:38decided to perform a new treatment for Ms. Sitaram Emani, a cardiologist.
32:47We decided to transplant Mitochondria to the heart cells.
32:51Heart cells need a lot of energy, so a healthy Mitochondria is essential.
33:01Ms. Sitaram Emani thought that her Mitochondria was weak.
33:11So she performed the world's first treatment.
33:15First, the healthy neck cells are extracted, and Mitochondria is taken out.
33:24Then, it is injected into the weak heart muscle and sent in.
33:30Then, something surprising happens.
33:37This is the heart.
33:39The cells in the heart are weakening.
33:45Mitochondria is not producing ATP, the source of energy.
33:51At this rate, the energy will be depleted and she will be in great danger.
33:58There is a way to help her.
34:01Mitochondria is injected.
34:06Oh, it's connected.
34:12Mitochondria, which was weak, is coming back.
34:18She's starting to produce energy at once.
34:24Mitochondria, which was weak, is coming back.
34:28She's starting to produce energy at once.
34:38The cells in the heart are shining.
34:42Georgia's heart has regained energy.
34:48Mitochondria heals other injured Mitochondria.
34:53It's not a complete understanding,
34:57but Mitochondria enters the cells and moves to other cells.
35:06In recent research,
35:09we have found that Mitochondria moves from cell to cell to help each other.
35:15Mitochondria is coming back.
35:22Two days after the surgery,
35:25Georgia has successfully escaped death.
35:34I was happy.
35:37I've been looking for something that would give me hope.
35:41It was really good news.
35:43I can't find a place to rest.
35:46Every day with Georgia is like a gift.
35:52More than 10 people have undergone the same surgery as Georgia,
35:58and have shown good results.
36:05Mitochondria is very interesting.
36:09It's like a cell generator.
36:14Oh!
36:16When you were a baby and your heart was sick,
36:19they took very small versions of these.
36:23These are called mitochondria.
36:25What do you say?
36:27Thank you!
36:31This is it.
36:34It's gotten a lot better in two days.
36:37It's amazing.
36:38I didn't know mitochondria moved to other cells until recently.
36:43I was really surprised.
36:46There are still a lot of things I don't understand.
36:51There is a way to feel that mitochondria are in our bodies.
36:58Yes.
37:00You breathe, right?
37:02I didn't forget.
37:04When mitochondria make ATP energy,
37:08they breathe in oxygen and release carbon dioxide.
37:14We breathe because mitochondria need oxygen,
37:20and we need to release carbon dioxide.
37:24I've never been aware of that.
37:27Let's take a deep breath together.
37:31Let's take a deep breath together.
37:43It looks like she's happy.
37:46Mitochondria in her body is active.
37:51After exercising, she breathes in and out for mitochondria.
37:58Oh!
37:59It's shining!
38:01Mitochondria use oxygen to release carbon dioxide
38:06and supply a lot of energy.
38:09This is a chemical reaction.
38:13It's the same as when candles burn.
38:18Candles burn because of rapid oxidation.
38:22Mitochondria are the source of life.
38:27Mitochondria are the source of life.
38:33Mitochondria support our enormous energy consumption.
38:41In fact, some monoclonal organisms have mitochondria,
38:46such as reptiles and beetles.
38:50Just like us, those organisms are destined to live and die.
39:00Mitochondria produce substances that damage cells during the process of generating energy.
39:09We've come to understand that it accelerates aging.
39:13Wow!
39:18The cells that make up your body bring joy to life in exchange for aging and death.
39:29That's the true meaning of the radiance of life that we humans have obtained.
39:38I understand that the human body is complex,
39:43but I can't believe how complex it is.
39:47It's so complex that it's like burning something.
39:51I think we have to work together to make it work.
39:57The symphony played by cells is our life.
40:03Wow!
40:04It's amazing.
40:06I want to hear the symphony.
40:11Mr. Kobaken has been active in the world's first battle for more than half a century.
40:19Beethoven has been a man of admiration who has been chasing his back for a long time.
40:27This is the skull of a chicken.
40:30Wow!
40:32It's tattered.
40:36I've played the piano about 500 times.
40:39I've played the piano the most in the world.
40:43But I still can't get close to Beethoven.
40:47How can I say?
40:49What's going on down there?
40:52He has been chasing his back for a long time,
40:56and now he can finally see the world.
41:06When I was in my forties, I didn't know anything.
41:10When I was in my sixties, I understood a little,
41:14and when I was in my eighties, I understood a little more.
41:17When I was in my eighties, I could feel the advent of Beethoven and Mahler.
41:24But I didn't know anything.
41:27I didn't know anything.
41:30I didn't know anything.
41:36With the members who have dedicated their lives to each instrument,
41:41he aims for one music.
41:48The concert on New Year's Eve.
41:51It's been eight hours since the opening.
42:06The last concert of Beethoven's life.
42:18After all these years,
42:21you have a great body, don't you?
42:24Yes, I have a good body.
42:35I think life is a pursuit of how far you can go.
42:43I think life is a pursuit of how far you can go.
42:48Depending on how strong you are,
42:51your body will turn to that direction,
42:54and all the cells will turn to that direction,
42:57so you may be able to see the world of one instrument.
43:09I want to do more.
43:12I think humans live in an interesting way.
43:43The last concert of Beethoven's life.
43:46The last concert of Beethoven's life.
44:16The last concert of Beethoven's life.
44:46The last concert of Beethoven's life.
44:49The last concert of Beethoven's life.
44:52The last concert of Beethoven's life.
44:55The last concert of Beethoven's life.
44:58The last concert of Beethoven's life.
45:01The last concert of Beethoven's life.
45:04The last concert of Beethoven's life.
45:07The last concert of Beethoven's life.
45:10The last concert of Beethoven's life.
45:13The last concert of Beethoven's life.
45:16The last concert of Beethoven's life.
45:21And now...
45:25My family.
45:39What an impressive face.
45:42I really did it.
45:46I was so nervous.
45:47I can't move my body, I can't see anymore.
45:51But I can understand the work that I'm facing.
46:00I hope I can live with the cells that work together to burn my energy every year.
46:15I've been playing table tennis for a long time, and I've felt some changes.
46:23But I've also had the experience of overcoming those changes in my body.
46:31When I think that my life has become richer because of the cell division,
46:38I feel that I want to cherish every day.
46:43This time, I was able to think a lot.
46:48First of all, I can't ignore mitochondria for my consciousness and sensitivity to art.
47:00I think that's what made me like this.
47:04On the contrary, the consciousness created by it has an effect on mitochondria,
47:10so I can do something different.
47:13At that time, the effect resonates with the person who is listening and doing it.
47:21At that time, I think it will be integrated and become a new law.
47:28I don't think I can do that in the first term.
47:33I think it's better to choose this one.
47:37Thank you for your hard work.
47:46Mr. Kobaken is standing on the stage of the concert at once every week after a short break.
48:02Georgia transplanted mitochondria.
48:08He has recently begun to challenge himself.
48:18How do you make your limited life shine with the cells?
48:26Can you do it?
48:33The next episode of the series is the third week.
48:40Where did your body come from?
48:43When I followed it, I could see the whole picture of the journey of life that has been uninterrupted for 4 billion years.
48:52Please take a look at the drama of cells that have surpassed humans.
49:04NHK special human body. What is life?
49:08A journey of 4 billion years of cells from surprising latest treatment.
49:13The third week is at 9 p.m. on Sunday, the 25th.
49:18NHK special. The confrontation between the United States and China deepens the Trump administration.
49:24What is the impact on our lives and the path of Japan?
49:28Sunday, the 18th at 9 p.m.
49:34The theme is salt ramen.
49:37The amazing skills of the avatars are explosive.
49:42I think it's good.
49:44Saturday, the 14th at 7.57 p.m.