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  • 2 days ago
Countryfile Dyfi River
Transcript
00:00So John, what am I looking for? Well, Sean, they're brown and white, they're very big,
00:09they've got a hooked beak and huge talons. Okay.
00:30No, I can't see any ospreys, John. Ah, well, not to worry, not to worry, I'll try my look further upriver.
00:53The river Dovey rises in the small lake Claygland Dovey, flowing through the Dovey Valley to the river's estuary and the sand dunes of Ernest Lass.
01:10The river and its surrounding area is a true patchwork of habitats, of salt marshes and mudflats, ancient woodlands and farmlands.
01:20It's so special because of its amazing wildlife and landscapes that the United Nations has designated it part of a larger regional biosphere,
01:30one of only seven such places in the whole of the UK.
01:33It really is a wonderful place to visit and at this time of year there's no shortage of arrivals and the people are ready to welcome them.
01:42From the biggest local celebrity guests.
01:45Oh, what's happening there now?
01:47So we're now going to see a changeover.
01:49Oh, yeah, see, yeah.
01:51To covert visitors who came here on a top-secret mission.
01:56In fact, I came out on the day before my 21st birthday.
01:59Who would they swim in and what were they doing here?
02:02We're also meeting one of the farmers who looks after this challenging landscape for his community and its wildlife.
02:10Right, we're going to head up the hill in this and move some sheep up the mountain.
02:14Right.
02:15Proper work.
02:16Proper work.
02:17Well, in the Cotswolds, Adam is all abuzz about some new arrivals of his own.
02:23Bees.
02:24We've recently bought in Martin and he's got ten hives there to start off with that he's just checking.
02:31And I swell up like a balloon if I get stung by a bee.
02:34So I'm keeping my distance while he checks his hives.
02:47It's 4am and it's really dark and I'm really tired.
03:11One of the best places to immerse yourself in the rich tapestry of life along the Dovey River
03:16is the RSPB's Ernest Heer Reserve.
03:19And the ideal time is at dawn.
03:23It's very, very early but an early start is essential if you want to hear one of the best dawn choruses in the whole country.
03:34Much more familiar than me with early mornings is Warden Tom Kistruck.
03:39Tom.
03:40Hiya.
03:41How's it going?
03:42Good, thank you.
03:43Well, this is a breathtaking place.
03:45Tom and his colleagues monitor the sounds of Ernest Heer Reserve throughout the year
03:50to keep track of the birds that visit and reside here.
03:55How many species of birds are there?
03:57It changes throughout the year, through the breeding season, sort of over 60 species.
04:01Yeah, and then obviously through the winter it transitions into different species as some of these migrate away
04:06and others come in from the north.
04:0860 different species of birds here.
04:10Yeah.
04:11That's largely due to the diversity of habitats.
04:15There'll be the birds behind us in the kind of woodlands.
04:17There's a blackcap singing.
04:18It's a bit like a blackbird but it has a more kind of a techno element to it where it kind of, it starts off flutey and then it will go much more scratchy and scatty.
04:25I feel like I've picked that out. The description is really important, isn't it?
04:32Yeah, that's it.
04:33The flute that turns techno.
04:34Yeah, that bird that just did that sort of descending call there, that's a willow warbler.
04:41So that's a kind of bird that starts off quite enthusiastic and then sort of gives up halfway through.
04:46So yeah, if you can build little pictures in your mind, it's a great way of remembering the bird song.
04:53Yeah.
04:56We've got a chif chaff going over there and there's a grasshopper warbler you can hear out on the marsh.
05:01That sort of sounds like an insect, yeah.
05:03Yeah.
05:04You can hear it trilling away there.
05:07Grasshopper warbler is an interesting one because as people get older, actually some people lose the ability to hear it because it's at the higher frequency.
05:13So that shows I'm young, doesn't it?
05:14Basically, yeah, both of us.
05:20Why is this place so important?
05:22So in this area it sits within the Dovey biosphere.
05:24What the biosphere does is it tries to incorporate the biodiversity with the cultural heritage, with the Welsh language, with the landscape and the farming communities and tries to bring all those together.
05:35I mean, this is a real Welsh language.
05:36Absolutely.
05:37Isn't it?
05:38Yeah.
05:39There's a stone shack calling over there, which is Kloch dar Kerig.
05:41Kloch dar Kerig.
05:43That's a hard one to say.
05:44Kloch dar Kerig.
05:45So Kerig is stone.
05:47Yeah.
05:48Dar is good.
05:49Yeah.
05:50Yeah.
05:51So Kloch dar, it means sort of the ringing of the stone almost.
05:52Yeah.
05:53So it's a really nice name.
05:54And a lot of them are quite descriptive, so you get birds like a chuff, which is Prangois Kloch, which is crow red legs.
06:00So a crow with red legs, which is exactly what a chuff looks like.
06:03There's a lot of song around, so I'm hoping our sound recordist, Ellie, can help me hone in on the finer detail.
06:09Ellie is actually a wildlife sound recordist.
06:12Okay.
06:13You've bought some kit, Ellie.
06:14So this is like a sort of satellite dish.
06:16So what's happening here?
06:18There's a microphone pointing inwards, and then all the kind of sound waves are being kind of picked up in this dish and then focused into the middle.
06:31I can hear things that I wasn't really hearing.
06:37Oh, that's amazing.
06:38There's a white throat singing just over there.
06:41So what you're listening for is a kind of short little scatty song.
06:44Kind of goes and then it'll stop.
06:47And then it'll do it again.
06:49Just did it then, and then it'll stop.
06:51Oh, yeah, yeah.
06:52There's so much out there, isn't there?
06:55Yeah.
06:56Like a city, you know, all of life is here.
06:58There's so much going on.
07:00What are they saying to each other?
07:02The songs that you'll be hearing will be a combination of territorial calls, which will be male birds saying, this is my area.
07:11But also the males are demonstrating their strength to the female.
07:14They'll also be looking at the territory that the male has established for himself and seeing if it's a suitable area to raise chicks.
07:24But we're also hearing alarm calls.
07:25They've seen some kind of danger.
07:26It might be us.
07:27It might be another bird.
07:30We've got the sort of the stay off my territory calls, the romance calls, but then you've also got, you know, kids, it's time for tea.
07:37Yeah, absolutely.
07:38Just like if you're in the city, you know, you're focused on what you're doing.
07:40But if you stop and start to just notice bits and pieces, you'll see all sorts of stories going on.
07:45That's fantastic, Ellie. Thank you very much.
07:48It's sort of, it's almost like seeing things in 2D and then suddenly getting 3D.
07:52Yeah, it's wonderful.
07:53So it's great, isn't it? Yeah.
07:54I can tell the way you're grinning.
07:55You enjoy it.
07:56My beautiful world.
07:57Yeah.
07:58Why is it important that you monitor the bird life here?
08:03So all of our monitoring is what informs our management and it also tells us an awful lot about how species use the reserve, how the way they use it is changing over time.
08:12So the blue tits and the great tits and things like that, they will start almost two weeks earlier than it would have been 20, 30 years ago.
08:19Really?
08:20And obviously the migrant birds, because they're not here all the time, they can't react as quickly to the early springs which we have now.
08:26So they tend to mismatch their migration a little bit. So they come in a little bit late and some of these other birds have already established their territories and there's competition there.
08:33And then they'll have lower survival rates and so those birds will decline.
08:37Understanding the bird populations lets the team here decide how best to adapt the reserve to their needs.
08:44The monitoring efforts of the wardens is extremely valuable, but they can't be here 24-7.
08:51It's a problem that tech savvy volunteer Michael Hennessy is helping to overcome.
08:56So tell me, what does this do?
08:58This is an acoustic recorder, Sean. This sits out here all night and all day and records bird songs and everything else.
09:06It's some circuitry with a very small microphone just there.
09:10And of course you're recording during the night, so you pick up the night chorus.
09:14During the night there's obviously owls and birds like that, night jars late in the evening into the night.
09:20But it's a lot, lot quieter.
09:22So I suppose you wouldn't call it a chorus then, you've heard?
09:24A night natter, maybe.
09:26A night natter.
09:28So Michael, how did you get into all of this?
09:30I've got a background in financial services and IT, so hopefully I can bring a different set of skills to the organisation.
09:39Michael uses specially adapted AI software to quickly identify every bird call in hours of recordings.
09:47And it decides what they are.
09:49Absolutely, with differing levels of confidence.
09:52Lots of tawny owls by the way.
09:53Lots of tawny owls.
09:54So yeah, it's 99.94% sure that it's a tawny owl.
09:59You should soon be able to hear a tawny owl sound.
10:04I'd say 99% too. I agree with the AI.
10:06Excellent.
10:08I'm hearing about this amazing technology.
10:11Yeah.
10:12How does that change things for you when it comes to monitoring birds?
10:15Firstly, the obvious stuff is the kind of night time stuff, which we can't be out all the time at night.
10:19So it's fantastic for covering some of the night time birds.
10:22There is a good chance that we'll miss some of the birds which don't call as often.
10:25So this basically allows us to be listening out for some of these more elusive species right the way through a period of a week, a fortnight,
10:31which we just couldn't possibly do in person.
10:34With constant remote monitoring now possible, Tom can really understand what needs to be done to keep the residents and visitors of Ernest Heard happy.
10:43Has the technology taught you anything new that you didn't know before?
10:47Yeah, I mean, we're finding birds in places that we didn't know what they were before.
10:51Some of the rare species which we thought were here, but which we'd never picked up on some of our traditional surveys.
10:58But it also is really good for working out presence of these birds in some of the different areas of the reserve.
11:03So the distribution around the reserve is great for that.
11:05And so Michael being able to work out ways to process them much quicker now means this is a really, really useful technology for us.
11:12You're making a grown man happy, I can see.
11:14I'm just happy to help.
11:16And of course, this all means we don't have to get up really early to hear the dawn chorus.
11:20It can be useful for that kind of thing.
11:22It has its limitations in that it won't tell us how many of a particular species are using an area.
11:26So there is still I still will have a job hopefully.
11:30And actually there was something really nice about getting up this morning.
11:33Yeah, it's the best time of the day.
11:34There's so much activity in those first few hours of the day.
11:37Yeah, it's brilliant.
11:39Stay with us until the end of the programme to hear our recording of the dawn chorus.
12:00I'm on my way to see some ospreys.
12:02Now it's hard to imagine now, but just over a century ago, these magnificent birds have become extinct in the UK.
12:10But by the early 1970s, they were making something of a comeback because of birds that migrated to the Scottish Highlands from Scandinavia.
12:20And I remember that really well because the return of the ospreys was the very first story on the very first edition of Newsround.
12:29Since then, I've been fortunate enough to follow the story of the ospreys' incredible revival,
12:36including just 25 miles from the Dovey River in the Aruri National Park.
12:41Well, this is a great spot for ospreys, isn't it?
12:44Well, yeah, it really is.
12:46The ospreys provide a service for the community.
12:48They bring people to the area, they educate and they inspire people to get outside and enjoy themselves.
12:58And now, there's another milestone.
13:00Here at the Dovey Ospreys Centre, their most successful breeding pair, Tellin and Idris, have returned once again.
13:08At ten metres high, this observation deck offers uninterrupted views of the ospreys' nest.
13:22So it's the nest in the middle. Oh, yeah, I see.
13:24And you can just about see the head of the female, Tellin.
13:26Centre manager Janine Panett keeps a watchful eye over the pair after their safe migration from West Africa.
13:36And to get an even closer look, the nest is covered by seven high-definition cameras.
13:44Where is Idris at the moment? And how are you doing?
13:46Idris is actually on a perch just down on the ground to the right.
13:50So at this stage, he'll be just guarding the nest.
13:54But his main job is to provide the food.
13:56The fish? Yes.
13:57But here, the reason it's such a good sight is they are right on the River Dovey.
14:01So the vast majority of fish that we see come from the river itself.
14:05When did they first arrive then, this year?
14:08So ordinarily, they come back last week of March, first week of April.
14:12And I suppose it's an anxious moment for you, wondering whether they will both return?
14:17Very much so.
14:19We have no way of knowing whether these birds have survived all the trials that they may face over that time.
14:25And it's always a huge sense of excitement and relief to see them come home.
14:30Who comes first?
14:32Normally, Tellin. It's always been Tellin.
14:34And then this year, Idris surprised us all and came home nine days early.
14:38It was very interesting to watch different behaviour having the male back first.
14:42He spent a lot of time rebuilding and reshaping the nest, getting everything ready so that when she did arrive,
14:48everything looked shipshape to show that he was ready to breed.
14:55Ospreys can mate for life.
14:57And this pair are now in their record-breaking sixth breeding season.
15:01And with Tellin recently laying three eggs, both parents are dedicated to their safe incubation.
15:09Oh, what's happening there now?
15:11So a bit of movement. So he's just popped up to the nest.
15:15So we're now going to see a changeover.
15:17Right.
15:18So you've got both adults on the nest.
15:19Oh yeah, see, yeah.
15:20And that's the female with her wings spread.
15:23So she will hop off to the perch, have a good stretch, shake out.
15:27So Idris is saying, let me take over now.
15:30My turn, yeah.
15:31Yeah.
15:32He tucks in those very, very sharp talons as he approaches the eggs.
15:39She'll sit up there, have a good preen, a shake about.
15:43And she will dictate when she wants to go back on those eggs.
15:45She's not gone very far.
15:47They seem a very responsible bunch of parents, really.
15:50They really are.
15:51Especially once you get an established pair like this, you can see them, as we saw in that changeover,
15:56working really well together.
15:58They know that they're a reliable partner.
16:00And hopefully it should be plain sailing.
16:03Well, they're doing their very best, aren't they,
16:05to make sure that ospreys are going to be a permanent feature in this country again.
16:09They certainly are.
16:10And from having just one or two pairs around 20 years ago, we're now looking between 10 and 15 pairs.
16:17So although it's a long way short of what it could be, we are really going in the right direction.
16:22Good.
16:23Yeah.
16:26Idris and Talon haven't just hit the headlines for the most consecutive breeding seasons.
16:32They've achieved celebrity-like status, with more than 18,000 subscribers around the world,
16:39to a live stream of the cameras focused on their nest.
16:45Well, not many media stars have seven cameras focusing on them.
16:49What kind of reaction do you get from the fans?
16:51Generally, people do have a soft spot for ospreys.
16:54Perhaps because they are only fish eating.
16:56Perhaps because of the romantic nature of the migratory chasing an endless summer.
17:01And people are watching and waiting for them to come back on migration.
17:05And this must be good for the future of the bird, to get such social interest in them.
17:11It's so important to get the engagement of the wider world,
17:15and everyone to feel value to having wildlife, be a part of their life,
17:20and have a sense of ownership of it.
17:22It's so wonderful to share them with absolutely everyone.
17:25Idris and Telling are doing a great job in creating interest in this magnificent bird of prey.
17:31But there's more work to do to firmly establish the osprey across Wales.
17:36What would be the best number to guarantee a future?
17:40Stability, you would be looking at potentially up to 100 pairs across Wales.
17:44At the moment, we're still just focused on Mid Wales and a colony up in North Wales.
17:50You've got all of beautiful South and West Wales with wonderful rivers, lakes, estuaries,
17:55that could certainly be a great home for the future of ospreys.
18:14Flanking the Dovey River are steep mountain ranges, home to upland farmers that have been here for hundreds of years.
18:22Through their care, they contribute to making this a sought-after destination for a vast variety of wildlife visitors.
18:29But farming here can be a challenge when you want to do your bit for nature and make a living.
18:38A challenge accepted by farmer Rodri Lloyd-Williams and his family.
18:43Rodri, how are you?
18:49How are you?
18:50How are you?
18:51How are you?
18:52How are you?
18:53How are you doing?
18:54How are you doing?
18:55How are you doing?
18:56How are you doing?
18:57How are you doing?
18:58Can I help?
18:59Can I do something?
19:00Yeah, grab a fork over there.
19:01Yeah.
19:02These girls are just having their breakfast.
19:03So how long have you been farming for?
19:05It's been in the farm leaf since the 1700s, so now 400 years now.
19:09The things that you farm here, are they suited to the conditions?
19:12Because we're high up, aren't we?
19:13That's it, yeah.
19:14So the Welsh black cattle and then the hardy Welsh mountain sheep.
19:17So they're used to living on tops of hills.
19:19They can survive on very little and they're tough.
19:21They can do the cold, snowy winters.
19:23And how do you make money?
19:25Is it the cattle?
19:26Is it the sheep?
19:27Is it other things?
19:28Oh, you love.
19:29You do make money.
19:30That's a good question.
19:31We do make money.
19:32But it's an interesting time, isn't it, in farming?
19:33Because we're not quite sure what the future holds.
19:35So we're currently very reliant on subsidies and the single farm payments.
19:39Because where we farm is hard land.
19:41It's thin topsoil.
19:42And then environmental schemes.
19:44So it's something else we've always focused on.
19:46Like we've got a little hydro scheme that powers the farm.
19:48So all our electricity comes from the river.
19:50So you're sort of really buying into and using the land.
19:53So you get your electricity from the land.
19:55You're using what's around you.
19:56Absolutely, yeah.
19:57And this is it.
19:58And with the uncertainty going forward, it's worth putting eggs in baskets.
20:01Excuse the farming pun.
20:02But, you know, you're trying to spread out the risk.
20:05Yeah.
20:06And reduce our own input costs.
20:10This spring's pregnant cows are being fed with silage grown on the farm.
20:15And today it's all hands on deck as the rest of the herd is being turned out onto the hillsides for the first time.
20:22Summertime.
20:23So this is it.
20:24They're out on the fields for the rest of the summer now.
20:26This is it.
20:27Yeah.
20:28Spring and summer.
20:29Yeah.
20:30And this is an organic farm.
20:32Yeah.
20:33We've been organic for 25 years now.
20:34So it just made sense because we've got very thin topsoil and very low fertility soil.
20:39So you can try and hammer that.
20:40Try and squeeze it for everything it's worth.
20:42Or you can slow down and reduce your inputs.
20:44Using nature for your benefit.
20:45Looking up to your soil health.
20:47And not spreading expensive fertilisers and everything.
20:52Right.
20:53We're going to head up the hill in this and move some sheep up the mountain.
20:57Right.
20:58Proper work.
20:59Proper work.
21:05The farm reaches over 450 metres up the Cambrian Mountains.
21:10Exposed to the worst of the Welsh weather, it can be a challenging place to live and work.
21:15In the winter when you've got the snow coming in sideways and you're up on the top really exposed, it can feel pretty miserable.
21:24However hard it is to make the farm pay, a key part of Roger's approach to the land here is his focus on making it a desired destination for wildlife.
21:33See the very top of the farm is sort of, that's your moorlands.
21:37And then we've got our ancient woodland and then lots of hedges which we've been adding to over the last few years.
21:44So you do quite quickly see the changes and where that hedge is maybe two years old there and you can see the grasses have grown up.
21:50So this rotational grazing we're doing, part of it is to get more of a mix of diverse sward, which is good for the animals, it's good for ecology and it's good for the roots and the soil.
22:02What's the different wildlife that you see here?
22:04We see all kinds of birds of prey which I always get excited about.
22:07So right literally over where we're stood now, I saw a hen harrier last week, a female hen harrier fly over.
22:12That's pretty special isn't it?
22:13Yeah, I haven't seen many of them over the years.
22:15Peregrine falcons nest on the farm, we've had kestrels roosting in the quarry.
22:19So peregrine falcons, you know, hen harriers, I mean these are, this is good that you've got this stuff here.
22:24It shows that there's obviously stuff that they're feeding on.
22:27As you say, if you've got those apex predators it means you've got a functioning ecosystem below them.
22:32But we've had the trail cams out the last few years and we've seen sort of pine mountains, stoats and weasels and otters in the river.
22:41So you can see that it's alive.
22:43Why is it important that you look after wildlife when you're on your farm?
22:47We've brought over farmers to produce food and that's what we're trying to do here.
22:50But I also think those two things aren't mutually exclusive.
22:53So if you can get biodiversity functioning in your soils and vertebrates and everything, then that benefits the stock.
22:59So the whole thing should tie together.
23:02I think there is an onus on us as landowners to look after the nature that is here and has been here for a long time and hopefully will remain here.
23:10Yeah. I'm just watching the, they've sort of been around, I think the dogs have had to round them up again.
23:16The sheep did a little runner to come back here.
23:18Oh yeah, they tend to fall off downhill.
23:20It's not an easy job, is it?
23:22No.
23:23This farm has to sustain the family today, but work done to the land now also impacts the future of the farm and the next generation of the Lloyd Williams family.
23:33Ellen, what do you like about living on the farm? Do you like it?
23:36Yeah, I do, yeah. I quite like the nature of it. I don't know if I'd be a farmer, but I couldn't really imagine living anywhere other than the farm.
23:45Keeping it the way it is and keeping it to do with working with nature is important.
23:50Sheeran's one thing I'd like to do.
23:53So you'd like to be the farmer, would you?
23:54Yeah.
23:55Yeah, Ari, do you see lots of nature around?
23:58Yeah, lots. Sometimes foxes. The hares as well. And owls.
24:04When I was talking with Roger earlier on, he was talking about how the farm had been in the family for 400 years.
24:10I do worry about the future. It is uncertain. Having that uncertainty is difficult.
24:15We need to produce food, but we're also trying to work with nature and make that a key focus for us as well. That's really important.
24:24Later, I'll be seeing how Rodri has got his community on board to find a way forward that benefits the farm, nature and the people who live near the Dovey River.
24:33Creating something special with wildlife is also a plan for Adam in the Cotswolds.
24:52Summer is coming up fast. Everything's turning green and we're busy looking after the crops we planted in the autumn and spring.
24:58One of the big jobs we've got on at the moment is hoeing between the rows of wheat and barley to try and control black grass, a weed that really hurts our yields.
25:09But its success is limited. Last year, our black grass was so bad across one part of the farm that we've had to avoid growing crops there this year to take back control.
25:17So across the whole of this area, when we were growing wheat last year, the black grass swamped it out and the yields were atrocious.
25:26And so with such a large seed bank of black grass, what we've decided to do this year was to let it germinate a bit after harvest, spray it off and cultivate it.
25:35And now what we'll do is plant a legume cover crop, but it doesn't produce any money. There's no harvest to be had. And so what we really need is a very good break crop.
25:46Cover and break crops help us to control weeds and diseases, allowing the next wheat or barley crop to thrive.
25:55They both cost a farmer money to grow, but the difference is harvestable break crops can be sold.
26:01And one of those we used to grow a lot of was oilseed rape. Unfortunately, due to the flea beetle which eats the young plants, we've had to give up on oilseed rape altogether.
26:11So we're currently searching for a replacement break crop to use in fields like these. And one of the most promising is sand foin.
26:20Sand foin is great because it produces forage that we can feed to our animals or we can sell.
26:25And then the seed that comes from it, we harvest and sell to a seed merchant. So there's money to be had, there's profit to be made out of the sand foin.
26:32Due to all the wet weather last year, the crop wasn't successful. It needs pollinating insects and bees especially to produce seeds.
26:43And last year, we just didn't get enough wild insects to do the job.
26:47So with this year's better weather getting our crops off to a great start, we can now try to boost pollination.
26:54And today, Martin Wilson, a local beekeeper, is here to help.
27:00This is a field of grass and sand foin that we planted three or four years ago and it's still lasting really well.
27:07And sand foin produces a pink flower that needs pollinating and that's where bees come in.
27:13We've recently bought in Martin and he's got ten hives there to start off with that he's just checking.
27:24And I swell up like a balloon if I get stung by a bee, so I'm keeping my distance while he checks his hives.
27:31And when the sand foin comes into flower and produces beautiful pink flowers, I understand it's rocket fuel for bees.
27:37So those hives will grow in size as the colony increases and hopefully produces lots of lovely honey.
27:46As you can see, I'm keeping my distance with your bees that are probably a little bit annoyed now you've disturbed them.
27:52Yeah, I've been through them just checking that they're all doing what they're meant to be doing.
27:56And how long have you been keeping bees?
27:57So I've been doing it around ten years, yeah.
28:00Since you were five?
28:01Yes, exactly that, yeah.
28:04So what have you been checking on?
28:06So at the moment I'm really looking for swarming or any signs of swarming, making sure the bees have got enough space,
28:12making sure that they're all healthy and happy.
28:15Why would they swarm?
28:16It's the bees' way of reproducing.
28:18So if a swarm leaves a colony, there's two colonies.
28:22Sure.
28:23And how do you know when they're going to go, just because they're a bit restless?
28:25You can see the creation of the new queens.
28:28So once you start seeing the creations of the new queens in the queen cells, that's the time to make sure that you do your management.
28:35So how do you manage that, just by making the hives bigger?
28:38If I've noticed that the signs of swarming, the only way I manage it is by taking the queen and some bees away to replicate the swarming process.
28:46Really?
28:47I mean, with that horrible weather we had last year, our sand fawn crops, where we're hoping to harvest the seeds, we need that pollination, just didn't work.
28:55I mean, there just wasn't enough bees or wild pollinators.
28:58And so I'm really hoping it's going to make a big difference this year.
29:01Yeah, and hopefully, I think we're going to put sort of 30, 40 colonies up here.
29:06It should be enough here to make a difference.
29:10And so it's great, these are doing well, and you've got some more hives for me?
29:13Yeah, we've got another ten in the truck that need putting out.
29:15Great, I'll give you a hand.
29:18We're setting up more hives across the farm, by the sand fawn that let us down last year.
29:23So do I need to get suited to help out with this?
29:26It's quite low risk, but probably it's worth getting suited, there's no point taking a risk.
29:31Have you got something I can borrow?
29:32Yeah.
29:33The sand fawn comes in to flower next month, so we want the bees to settle in, because we're relying on them to prevent a second crop failure in a row.
29:42Oh, wow, look at that.
29:44You can hear them in there.
29:46The buzzing work.
29:47They really are buzzing.
29:48So these are just temporary transport hives?
29:51Well, these are six-frame nucleus colonies, so a full-size hive is 11 frames.
29:57These are six frames, and you sort of overwinter them in this, so you can make new colonies in this,
30:03and it's very quickly for them to build up the polystyrene that they're in.
30:07It's great insulation, keeps them warm.
30:09Sure.
30:10And keeps them cool as well when it's hot, so it's really good for that, and then they will get moved into some full-size hives in a week.
30:17Okay.
30:18Right, shall I take this one?
30:19Yes, please do.
30:20Avoiding all trips.
30:24Okay.
30:28How many on each stand?
30:29Two on a stand, so if we go for the first stand.
30:32Okay.
30:33And they should sit quite nicely, and then I will ratchet them up later.
30:39It's a bit of an open site here.
30:43The wind does whip through, so I'll just make sure they're secure.
30:47Okay.
30:48But they're okay at the moment.
30:49Oh, no.
30:50The bees are meant to be sealed into the hives for transport, but we've got some escapees.
31:04Unfortunately, one of the lids just popped open for a second while Martin was sliding it out.
31:14Well, that wasn't very successful, was it?
31:17Yeah.
31:18And now there's some confused bees in the back of the truck.
31:21So, with my slight allergy, this probably calls for modesty over valour.
31:26So, Martin, with those few that have escaped, shall I stay out of the way for a minute?
31:32Well, it's probably best if I do this bit on me own, yes.
31:40So, I've retreated because I don't want to get stung, and he's now suited up moving them.
31:46And they'll settle down there now and make this their home.
31:51And what a beautiful home to have.
31:55Once the hives are open, all the loose bees should find their way home.
31:59With me out of the way and no more mishaps, Martin can get all the hives set up in quick time.
32:07Are you all right, Martin?
32:08I'm all right, thank you, Adam.
32:10I just retreated and left you to it.
32:12Yeah, the speed that you disappeared at was quite good.
32:16I don't blame you.
32:17From these polystyrene hives, they'll move into the hives where we saw at the previous site?
32:22Absolutely that, yeah.
32:23So, they'll go from these six-frame nukes into full-size, 11-frame brood boxes.
32:28And there'll be a queen in each hive?
32:30There's a queen in each hive, yeah.
32:32How quickly will they start to multiply?
32:34So, this time of year, the queen will be ramping up her laying.
32:37So, she can lay about 2,000, 2,500 eggs a day.
32:41Wow.
32:42And each egg is sort of, from day one, it's an egg.
32:45And then day 21, it becomes a worker bee, an adult worker bee.
32:48It hatches and emerges as a working bee.
32:51So, very quickly, the colonies expand.
32:54Goodness me.
32:55We've got these large fields of sand foin here.
32:57Yeah, yeah.
32:58So, are you hoping for good results?
32:59I really am, yeah.
33:00It's been the first time for me, having bees on sand foin.
33:03I've had borage before and oilseed rape, obviously, but never on sand foin.
33:07So, it's going to be an interesting one to see.
33:09Okay.
33:10Well, fingers crossed.
33:11So, what's the plan now?
33:12So, I'm going to go and open them up and let them go on with their work.
33:15And how many bees are you letting go?
33:17What's the sort of colony numbers up there?
33:19So, there's about 20,000 in each box.
33:21So, about 200,000 bees will be ready to go.
33:24I'm going to run that way.
33:25Oh, don't blame you.
33:26Okay, I'll leave you to it.
33:27Alright, cheers.
33:29With me at a safe distance, Martin's bees are finally free to settle into their new surroundings.
33:35And, fingers crossed, get to work helping us solve our break crop problem.
33:40Many farmers across the country are trying to make their business pay while making the land better for nature.
33:58And back here on Rodry's farm in mid-Wales, a new initiative is working to bridge the funding gap for farmers to restore it.
34:05Alice Briggs is the project lead for Tyr Canol.
34:09And Sarah Thomas is its nature officer.
34:12Alice, Tyr Canol.
34:14I'm just translating it from Welsh.
34:15So, Tyr is earth and Canol is centre.
34:18We translate it as middle ground.
34:20Middle ground.
34:21Yeah.
34:22I'm a Welsh learner.
34:23That's why I got it wrong.
34:24Sarah, on an individual farm level, what does that mean?
34:27Say for something like Rodry's farm here, what sort of things would you do?
34:31We can come up with whole farm habitat surveys and create a management plan.
34:36Part of that management could be planting trees, as you can see is happening today.
34:40It could be peat restoration.
34:42It could be putting in rotational grazing plans.
34:45It's also going to work economically for the farm.
34:48So, it's a very open conversation with the landowners as to what would be best.
34:53I'll let you get that in there.
34:56We're a partnership of lots of different organisations who come together with the same kind of vision and purpose around nature restoration,
35:04but crucially with people at the centre of that and the community and the culture and heritage of Mid Wales and the land around us at the centre of that.
35:12So, you bring farmers together with members of the community?
35:14Yeah, that's right.
35:15And it's not just about the nature recovery.
35:17It's looking at climate action.
35:19It's looking at our economy.
35:21It's looking at the potential for young people and apprenticeships in the future.
35:26So, we see it very holistically as well.
35:28The Woodland Trust is also supporting the work here with saplings.
35:35So, Laura, what is happening here? What's all this?
35:38So, lots of planting of trees, lots of planting of hedgerows like the one here at the moment.
35:42We're also doing hill planting up on the top in the gorse as well to provide new seed trees for the future.
35:48So, yeah, lots of different things.
35:50This new planting also has benefits outside the farm.
35:55In 2012, a month's worth of rain fell in just 24 hours, flooding the village of Talabont, a few miles down the valley.
36:04Linda Denton leads a tree planting group from the village.
36:08People had to leave their homes for up to a year whilst all the repairs were made.
36:12The tide line on one of my friend's houses is about eight feet high.
36:15Tumble dryers washed through the house, things brushed over.
36:20So, what's actually happening then when you plant a tree to prevent or to try and minimise flooding?
36:25The current thinking is that the higher in the landscape you can address water,
36:30the more chance you've got that by the time it reaches the village it will be more moderate.
36:38As soon as you stop grazing this and stop compacting the soil, a different ecology starts.
36:44And you get more infiltration of water and that can have a big effect on flooding.
36:49So, the water would run off this hill and it would get to here where you'd have trees,
36:54less compact land and it might then flow into the ground and take a lot longer to go down to the town or the village.
37:00Yep. So, we started to contact landowners and make agreements to help them with their tree planting plans.
37:07As the new hedge grows, it will slow water flow from the hills, provide shelter for farm animals and wildlife and encourage new life in the soil.
37:19What's the benefit of doing a worm count?
37:21So, we're just looking at how long it takes for those roots to get into the pasture and start helping the soil to reduce its compaction,
37:30allow better water infiltration and improve the soil health.
37:33We're using a method that's quite straightforward and easy to do so that we can then repeat it in 10, 20 years' time and hopefully see a difference.
37:41I mean, he's quite… shall I untie him or will he know what to do?
37:45I think he'll be fine.
37:47I think he'll be fine.
37:48He or she will be fine.
37:49Save the worm.
37:50So, I'm going in here am I?
37:51Yep, yep.
37:52And Monica, you're getting involved as well with the grandkids.
37:56This is something you enjoy doing?
37:58Absolutely, yes.
37:59I've been on the farm for 50 years and I really love it that people come out here.
38:04And I suppose that idea with the kids is really important because we could do all we like, our generation,
38:09but if young people don't grasp this then it won't be carried on.
38:13So, that is actually really important work isn't it?
38:15It's really important.
38:16It's a way of sort of explaining and connecting.
38:19Oh, so this is when we see our treasures?
38:21Yes.
38:22Now we're coming.
38:23One, two, three, four.
38:28Great.
38:32Rodri, is it difficult balancing looking after nature and farming?
38:37No, I don't think it is really because I think the way we farm and the place we farm in,
38:42those things just naturally work side by side.
38:44And we've just been watching people planting trees.
38:47Why are you so pro planting trees?
38:49First and foremost I do it as a farmer, as a farming tool,
38:53because I think the hedges create shelter for the stock from the hot sun in the summer
38:58and in the winter we get the winds and the rains and the snows and they can hide behind that.
39:02It also extends the shoulders of the growing season, keeps the soil a little bit warmer in the spring and the autumn.
39:07And obviously every year then when the leaves fall off the trees you get this big dump of nutrients onto the soil.
39:13So, it's a win-win in the sense that it's really good for the farming and then it's really good for the biodiversity.
39:19The things that you're doing to help wildlife right across your farm,
39:23is that something you think more farmers should be doing?
39:26I'm always nervous of the word should because I'm conscious that every farmer's got their own vision of what they want their land to be.
39:32But I think if you can have conversations and learn from each other then, yeah, eventually I think what you can create is something really special.
39:41Thank you very much. Thank you.
39:43The salt marshes and grasslands of the Anasir RSPB reserve merge into ancient oak woodland.
40:04Year round, visitors to these woods are treated to the sights and sounds of its permanent residents.
40:17Such as blue tits, great tits and the great spotted woodpecker.
40:25But my visit is for a tiny bird that's made an epic journey here to the woodlands along the Dovey River.
40:34I'm here hoping to see the much anticipated arrival of the pied flycatcher.
40:45Molly Harvey is the RSPB warden who has the important job of ensuring their success.
40:53Well, how's my timing, Molly?
40:55Impeccable timing. We've been out yesterday checking in on the progress of our pie flycatchers
40:59and they're well on their way to breeding this year on the reserve.
41:02So they've arrived safely?
41:03They've arrived safely after their epic journey.
41:05Where have they come from?
41:06They've come from sub-Saharan Africa.
41:08So it takes about 40 hours for them to fly across the Sahara Desert.
41:12And they're small birds, aren't they?
41:14Absolutely dinky. They're slightly smaller than the house sparrow that you see in your garden.
41:18That's incredible, isn't it? I mean, I've been looking at ospreys earlier on
41:22and they're big birds and they do the same sort of journey
41:25but for these tiny little ones, I mean, that's a miracle really.
41:28It's one of nature's great events, the migration.
41:31And what attracts them to this woodland in Wales?
41:35So we're really absolutely blessed with the oak woodland here in Anasir.
41:39We've got lots of mature trees with lovely features like little holes that the pie flycatchers like to use to nest in.
41:45They particularly love old woodpecker holes.
41:47Oh, right. So they pinch somebody else's hole to put their nest in.
41:50Cheeky.
41:51And do you help as well?
41:53Yes. So it's been found that pie flycatchers readily will nest in nest boxes which have been designed just for them.
41:59And it helps them out because it's slightly better defended against predators
42:03and it gives us absolutely invaluable data about how they're doing and what we can do to help them.
42:09These man-made homes are created by volunteer John Howarth.
42:14We've got about 360 boxes on the reserve.
42:17It's in a very wet climate, so they can rot very easily.
42:20So over the years, we've found just to reduce the number that we have to keep replacing,
42:25we've started making them from larch, which lasts a lot longer.
42:28And we've found that the tops of the boxes, the lids and the backs,
42:32were always the ones that would rot because they're sat against the tree trunk or exposed to more of the weather.
42:37So we put these rubber tops made of recycled tractor tyres on the top and then on the back
42:42and that makes the boxes last a lot longer.
42:51Ex-volunteer and former car quality inspector David Williams
42:55has also brought his expertise to Unisgier to help the pied flycatcher flourish.
43:02In 1992, I was here at Innes Heer volunteering, being asked to count the birds,
43:07so I was going round the boxes and I was shocked by watching a great spotted bird
43:11woodpecker come down and start pecking away at the hole and his head was in the box
43:16and he was able to pull out the baby pied flycatchers, which was a bit of a shock to me.
43:20So that gave me the idea of supplying the reserve with some metal plates.
43:25Woodpeckers can break through the wood quite easily, but by having a steel plate,
43:29they can tap it a few times and then they suddenly realise they won't break into the box
43:32and then go off and eat probably natural food rather than try and predate young chicks from nest boxes.
43:40Stainless steel is the best you could probably use because it lasts a lot longer, it doesn't rot
43:44and here, with the salt air coming in off the estuary, it's helping save a lot more birds.
43:51Back in the woodland...
43:54Is that a nest box there?
43:56Molly and I have spotted something.
43:58She's there, she's right there now, she's fluttering at the entrance.
44:01Oh, there we go.
44:02I've gone on to the branch.
44:03Oh, it is, it's a beautiful female pied flycatcher.
44:08The female pied flycatcher is easy to tell apart from the male thanks to her soft brown plumage.
44:15Molly's lifting the lid on what's happening inside the nest box.
44:22So we'll have a little check knock on the side so that anything in there knows that we're coming,
44:26doesn't give it a big shock, gently open the lid and have a little peek.
44:30We'll try and limit the number of people at the box to give her her space.
44:34And actually, I've got a little screen so you can get a bird's eye view on the nest box.
44:38Oh, fantastic. So I can just sit on this bench and you do the hard work.
44:41Just sit back and relax and enjoy.
44:45There's Molly knocking on the nest box. Is anybody in?
45:00There's a perfect nest in there.
45:02Absolutely ready to receive chicks.
45:06That's great.
45:08What did you think?
45:09I've got a really good view here of the nest box and a very neat little nest in it.
45:14They are little works of art, so she spends a lot of time weaving that together and then puts that beautiful cup in the middle of it.
45:20So when can you expect to see eggs in there?
45:23So it'll be in the next few weeks. So now the nest building stage is complete, they have a little bit of time to feed up a little bit.
45:29The pied flycatcher population is doing well at the reserve, but overall the species remains at risk.
45:39Unfortunately, spring's arriving earlier and earlier every year. The leaves are coming out in the oak trees early.
45:44Yeah.
45:45And it's the caterpillars that eat the leaves of the oak trees that are so important for the chicks.
45:50Migrants have no cues back in Africa to tell them what's going on in places in Wales.
45:56So they sometimes can be arriving just slightly behind.
45:59So probably the caterpillars have gone, have been transformed by the time the chicks arrive.
46:06Exactly that. The peak has been and gone and they can be late and they can miss that peak, unfortunately.
46:11So there's nothing really we can do about that, does there?
46:13What we can do is continue with our nest box scheme. Not only is it important to us and focusing our work on the reserve,
46:19but it feeds into a long term scheme by the British Trust for Ornithology to pick out the threads of what could be done for birds here in the UK,
46:26but also globally, how they can be supported on their stopover sites and in their wintering grounds.
46:31So things that we do here are really important to that big picture as well.
46:43Well, it's been a beautiful day in the hills in mid Wales exploring Rodri's farm.
46:52Whatever you're doing this week, though, you're going to want to know what the weather's doing.
46:56Here's the country fall forecast.
47:06Hello there. Most of us have been enjoying the warm sunshine this weekend.
47:10It's been unusually sunny, warm and dry this spring so far.
47:14It's been particularly dry recently across some eastern parts of Scotland and northern England.
47:19In these places, we've not had a drop of rain for over three weeks.
47:23In some of these places, it could stay dry this week as well.
47:26Now, according to the Environment Agency, it's been the driest start to spring across England for almost 70 years.
47:32Reservoirs are still at decent levels and there's no sign of a hosepipe ban,
47:35but there is a median risk of drought this summer if we don't get any significant rain.
47:40This is rainfall accumulation over the next couple of days.
47:43And you can see most of the rain really centered towards Wales and the southwest.
47:47And that's where we've had some rain today and some thunderstorms as well.
47:51And that's because here we're closer to this area of low pressure, which has been pushing the cloud northwards,
47:56meeting with that cloud that's coming down across Scotland and Northern Ireland.
48:00But in between, well, the sunshine has been shining again and it's been very warm with temperatures into the mid 20s.
48:08Now, there's still the chance of a few thundery showers near the south coast of England this evening,
48:12but the showers do tend to die down a bit overnight.
48:14We could turn a bit wetter, though, in Northern Ireland and western parts of Scotland.
48:18Some low cloud in eastern Scotland as well, where temperatures will be down as low as six or seven degrees.
48:23Now, tomorrow, many places are still going to be dry and there'll be some warm sunshine.
48:27It may well turn drier in Western Scotland and Northern Ireland,
48:31but we will see more scattered showers developing across England and Wales,
48:35particularly across this area where they could be heavy and thundery, accompanied by some hail and some gusty winds as well.
48:43So the higher temperatures will get pushed a bit further north into Northern England across to Lincolnshire and East Anglia,
48:48again reaching the mid 20s in the sunshine.
48:52Now, we still have the area of low pressure sitting close to the southwest heading into Monday, but pressure is building further north.
48:59Now, within that area of high pressure, there could be some low cloud threatening some northern most parts of Scotland.
49:04And there's still the potential for some heavy and thundery showers here across the southwest of England and across South Wales as well.
49:12But it's warming up across Scotland. Temperatures could get as high as 23 or 24 degrees, and it's generally going to be dry and sunny.
49:21And that's been another theme of the spring so far. We've had more sunshine over the past few months than during the whole of last spring.
49:28And the way things are going, we could be heading towards the sunnier spring on record.
49:33And the rest of the week will certainly add to that sunshine because the low pressure is pushed back towards where it came from.
49:40High pressure then building down across the UK.
49:43Now, again, there could be some misty low cloud on Wednesday for some northern and eastern parts of Scotland.
49:48But it shouldn't last long. It'll break up and we'll see the sunshine coming through far and wide.
49:52And it's going to be a dry day on Wednesday.
49:54Now, the highest temperatures are more likely to be out towards the west.
49:57And it'll be a bit cooler around North Sea Coast because the wind is going to be coming in from the North Sea.
50:02Now, through the spring, it's been a blocked weather pattern that we've had.
50:05And that's what's developing again over the week ahead.
50:08This undulating jet stream. We're on the warmer side of the jet stream.
50:13And with that high pressure, that's going to be building again through the rest of the week.
50:18It's what we call a dry high.
50:20So not only is there no rain with it, there's probably not really going to be any cloud around at all.
50:25So it's looking dry and sunny and those temperatures getting up to 23 or 24 degrees.
50:30And it could be the same next weekend. Goodbye.
50:33We've been exploring the lives and stories of visitors along the Dovey River in mid Wales.
50:47The pie flycatchers like to use old woodpecker holes.
50:50Oh, right. So they pinch somebody else's hole to put their nest in.
50:54Cheeky.
50:56And meeting the inspirational community, doing their bit to help.
51:00I think there is an onus on us as landowners to look after the nature that is here.
51:05What you can create is something really special.
51:07But there's also a hidden story here about visitors to the area who had a huge impact.
51:13Not only in this region, but for the whole country.
51:1680 years ago this month, the country celebrated the end of the Second World War in Europe and the efforts of the Allied forces.
51:29But what many didn't know, and still don't, is the role played in the war effort by a quiet village near to the Dovey Estuary.
51:40Researcher and local historian Deanna Groom has been uncovering the secrets beneath the sand.
51:47We're right down the mouth of the estuary here.
51:50And there's a sand dune system.
51:52And you can hear birds singing and seagulls.
51:55For centuries, really, there were farms here.
51:59It hadn't changed very much from that.
52:01It's quite soft ground, so you can't put big buildings up here.
52:06And it's very unspoilt in many, many ways.
52:09If you're going to do something top secret, it's kind of the perfect place.
52:14Ten years ago, Deanna was part of a team researching the history of this coastline.
52:21It was just really walking around, I started to spot rafts of concrete and old sort of military-style buildings.
52:29And that led us on to the discovery of, really, a top secret establishment.
52:35One structure in particular stood out.
52:38This building is just different.
52:43It's the same kind of bricks as the pillbox, the three-pole boxes around this stretch of coast.
52:49And it's got the same concrete roof, but it's open at the back.
52:53And these slits, they're just too big.
52:55And, you know, if you were attacking it with a machine gun, you know, you could shoot into that very easily.
53:02Whereas pillboxes, you can shoot out, but it's very, very difficult to shoot in.
53:07This structure is observing something at sea, and that's, you know, the clue.
53:14If a rocket projectile sort of shattered in mid-air, you'd be protected inside that.
53:19You'd have the concrete roof, you'd have the brick-built structure.
53:22But it's kind of protective observation as opposed to a defensive structure.
53:27Deanna's investigation led her to the National Archives, where she uncovered an aerial photo
53:36that would reveal this observation hut to be part of a much larger operation.
53:43We have photographs from May 1946, and what you could pick up from those aerial photographs
53:48are a massive sort of hut, you know, a hangar that probably was a garage,
53:53some workshops or storages for some of the propellants.
53:58And we found three documents which proposed in this last to become
54:02a special experimental rocket testing range.
54:08It's remoteness, it's very scarcely populated, and in that time,
54:12they could base a camp here that will do a lot of that research in secret.
54:18Diana's research led to the discovery of a series of reports
54:23describing a team of unexpected people arriving at Unislas.
54:29Suddenly we knew that they were women here, and we started to look further,
54:33you know, who were these women and what were they doing here?
54:36They've got to be part of the Women's Auxiliary Territorial Services, the ATS.
54:41The ATS, the Auxiliary Territorial Service, was the women's branch of the British Army,
54:48with over 250,000 members, including Queen Elizabeth II, then Princess Elizabeth.
54:56Written and audio testimonies of the ATS women of Unislas were uncovered,
55:02including that of Sergeant Marjorie Ransom.
55:07May 43, we went to Unislas.
55:11In fact, I came out on the day before my 21st birthday.
55:14It's on the corner of the Dolly Estuary, you know,
55:16and now we've just taken over the whole corner.
55:18Houses, the lot, just taking it over, and they were doing all sorts there.
55:23Sergeant Ransom was one of a handful of women highly trained in the use of film cameras.
55:28When you took the picture, it gave the angle and elevation as well,
55:35so that you've got one at each end of a long measured strip.
55:39So these were kind of an early forms of kinetic cinematic cameras.
55:43So when the rockets were launched, they would be able to, you know,
55:48frame by frame, they could work out the trajectories.
55:50And it's an absolutely key task, because if you don't catch the flight of the rocket,
55:54you can't understand the trajectory and you're not giving the data you need.
56:00The work carried out by these rocket women was of vital importance to the war effort
56:05and would even go on to influence space travel.
56:11You know, what was going on here?
56:1315 years later, we were sending a satellite into space.
56:1720, 30 years later, we went to the moon.
56:20The landscape offered a place of solace for the rocket women.
56:27I think they came here and they found sort of like-minded, lively, intelligent women also here.
56:35And I think they really enjoyed their time here.
56:37They loved being in this beautiful place.
56:39That's what comes over for me to read their testimony.
56:41The only time we heard the sirens sounded like, oh, they can't want to leave.
56:46And, of course, in the country, finally, there were all those places where you could go to get pregnant eggs.
56:52I had a very good war here.
56:55Rocket experiments continued after VE Day into 1946, when the camp was disbanded.
57:02The first thing they did when they were being done mob was going to Aberystwyth,
57:07having a good time on the pier and doing their own version of the Okie-Kokie dance.
57:12So that was 80 years ago.
57:15We may never know exactly what went on here.
57:18It's the local testimony.
57:21It's people's memories that they've written down or they've told their relatives what they did during the war.
57:27And they have to piece together the kind of snippets and clues to kind of build a picture of what went on here.
57:35Sean.
57:47Hello, John.
57:48How are you?
57:49I'm fine, thank you.
57:50Well, this is a wonderful spot, isn't it?
57:52Isn't it?
57:53You know, I must have heard at least a dozen different bird songs just sitting here in the last few minutes.
57:57You should have been at the dawn chorus, John.
57:59It was amazing.
58:01A bit early for me, Sean.
58:02Four o'clock.
58:03I'll leave you to it.
58:06Next Sunday at seven o'clock, Matt and Charlotte are in Shropshire.
58:10You're drilling the field.
58:12You've got a little spoon bit on the end.
58:17So, this is the front.
58:18Oh, so that's going on my shoulders.
58:20Yeah, it should rest my shoulders.
58:22Do I look as ridiculous as I feel?
58:24Er, yeah.
58:26You're a big part of the future of this place, Annabelle.
58:29You are, you're very important.
58:31And beautiful.
58:35So, see you then.
58:36Bye for now.
58:37Goodbye.
58:38Well, for John, and everyone at home to enjoy, here's our wonderful dawn chorus.
58:44Till next week.
58:45I'll see you then.
59:08You