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00:00Hawaii, a paradise for sun seekers and surfers.
00:13But hidden on this beautiful island, there are scars from a day of infamy.
00:23The attack on Pearl Harbor.
00:30World War II was fought on vast landscapes across the planet.
00:39Where we're going, we don't need roads.
00:43But the evidence of that war is disappearing fast.
00:49That is one of the coolest things I've ever seen in the water.
00:53That's it.
00:54Congratulations.
00:55Now, technology expert Pete Kelsey and military historian Marty Morgan
01:04are using 21st century technology to strip away the present
01:11and reveal the buried secrets of World War II.
01:17This time, can a sunken seaplane reveal the secret to Japanese success at Pearl Harbor?
01:26Pete uses the latest drone technology to unlock the mysteries of a forgotten airfield.
01:32I can't believe it.
01:34That's so cool.
01:36And one of America's most iconic battleships is explored, scanned, and revealed
01:43as you've never seen her before.
02:02A few places that you can look at where history changed in an instant.
02:19And this is one of them, because at 8.06 a.m. on Sunday, December 7th,
02:26the history of the United States of America changed irrevocably
02:29with the destruction of the battleship Arizona.
02:35The surprise Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor lasted just a few hours,
02:41and yet it devastated U.S. forces.
02:43Twenty-one ships of the U.S. Pacific Fleet were sunk or damaged,
02:49and 188 aircraft destroyed.
02:54It was the deadliest foreign attack on American soil to that date,
02:59and second only to the terrorist attack of 9-11.
03:03So how did the Japanese achieve such an overwhelming victory
03:10against one of the world's most powerful nations?
03:16To find the answer, military historian Marty Morgan
03:20and scanning expert Pete Kelsey have come here,
03:24to the Hawaiian island of Oahu,
03:27scene of the attack,
03:29where they're setting up base
03:31for their investigation.
03:35Well.
03:36Nice.
03:37What's in here?
03:37That's another drone.
03:40How far will this one go?
03:42That seems amazing.
03:44Pete wants to see how the island itself shaped the battle.
03:49So he pulls in data from satellites and aerial LIDAR scans
03:53to create a new 3-D map of Oahu.
03:56This is cool.
04:01It reveals why this island became crucial to the U.S. military,
04:06an extraordinary natural lagoon
04:09protected by a narrow entrance, Pearl Harbor.
04:13You can see that from orbit.
04:15Yep.
04:16The U.S. Pacific Fleet makes its home here starting in 1940.
04:19This also reminds me that it's important to remember
04:22it's not just the Pearl Harbor Navy base
04:24that's attacked on December 7th.
04:26It's all military installations across Oahu.
04:28So the U.S. Army had major posts
04:31at Fort Shafter and Schofield Barracks.
04:33The Army had airfields at places like Hickam
04:36and Bellows and Wheeler.
04:39So this is an extraordinarily well-defended island,
04:42and yet an attack still descends on it.
04:44The whole place is,
04:45it's one big military installation,
04:48a fortress.
04:48The reality was Oahu was a very well-defended place.
04:52And yet, the Japanese not only caused a huge amount of damage,
04:57they suffered very few casualties themselves.
05:02The Americans lost over 2,000 men,
05:06the Japanese just 64.
05:08How did they achieve this astonishing feat?
05:13Pete and Marty's mission is to find out.
05:22Crucial to the success of the attack
05:24was the element of surprise.
05:26The huge Japanese fleet had traveled
05:29over 3,500 miles in complete secrecy.
05:34An astonishing achievement.
05:35But how much of a surprise was it really?
05:41Did the Americans miss a vital clue
05:43that would have given them a crucial warning?
05:47One man believes they did,
05:50and he claims to have found the evidence to prove it.
05:54He's submarine explorer Terry Kirby.
05:58This thing is spectacular, Terry.
06:01It's our baby.
06:02Yeah.
06:03Pisces 5 and our sister, Pisces 4.
06:05How deep can they go?
06:072,000 meters, 6,500 feet.
06:10Is it possible to go inside?
06:12Definitely.
06:13Let's check it out.
06:14Cool.
06:16Using his Pisces submarines,
06:18Terry has been searching the waters around Oahu
06:21for the shattered wreckage of World War II
06:23that still lies at the bottom of the ocean.
06:28Pisces 5, Pisces 4.
06:29Go ahead, over.
06:30Go ahead, over.
06:33Okay, Pisces 5 will be moving to the south.
06:37Over and out.
06:39Roger that.
06:39Okay, okay, Pisces 4, do you copy?
06:41Over.
06:41Copy, over.
06:42And just here, three miles outside Pearl Harbor,
06:46he discovered something extraordinary.
06:49So on that day, I was in Pisces 4,
06:53and another pilot was in Pisces 5,
06:55and we had spent a couple of days doing searching.
07:00Pisces 5, you copy?
07:02Copy.
07:05Yeah, here we are, coming across it.
07:07Yeah, so that's Pisces 5.
07:08Oh, my God, it just comes up at you.
07:10Yep.
07:11Look at that.
07:11And there it is.
07:16That's it.
07:17Roger, roger, I understand.
07:18I can't believe it.
07:21Moments in history.
07:26So that was a thrilling day, and we are so excited.
07:32Oh, I knew that was it.
07:34Terry had found a Japanese mini-submarine,
07:42large enough to carry two people and armed with torpedoes.
07:47But what is it doing here?
07:50To find out, Marty looks into the U.S. military records,
07:54and he finds something intriguing.
07:58Early morning on December 7th,
08:00the warship USS Ward is on routine patrol.
08:06At 6.37 a.m.,
08:08it spots something in the water
08:11that looks like a small submarine.
08:14The commander of the ward realizes it could be hostile,
08:18and so they fire at the sub using their 4-inch guns
08:21and drop depth charges.
08:28Could this be the submarine
08:29that Terry Kirby has found?
08:33To investigate,
08:35Pete is going to create
08:36the first ever 3-D scan of the craft.
08:39He is taking high-resolution images
08:42captured using a remote-operated vehicle,
08:45and he's using a technique called photogrammetry
08:48to analyze them.
08:50To start with,
08:52it looks at every pixel in every image,
08:56and I've got thousands of them here.
08:58It looks for patterns
08:59that enables it to actually stitch the photographs together.
09:04You can see how the software has figured out
09:07the position where each photograph was taken,
09:10and then you just begin to see a hint
09:12of the model that it's going to create.
09:15And then from there,
09:19this is where it gets really, really cool.
09:22It actually creates a mesh
09:25or a model
09:25of this mini-sub,
09:27which is just an amazing piece of history
09:30and a piece of this story.
09:32And, of course,
09:33the value here
09:34to figure out what happened,
09:37you know,
09:38how did she go down.
09:41I mean, look at that.
09:42So, Terry,
09:54I can't think of anyone
09:56I'd rather show this to.
10:01Wow.
10:02That really is unbelievable.
10:04It's unbelievable
10:04that you can get this kind of detail,
10:07generate a 3D image from photos.
10:10Does this do it justice?
10:11Oh, this is amazing.
10:13The first question
10:14is whether the mini-sub
10:16completed its mission.
10:18And here the scan
10:20reveals the answer.
10:22Look at those torpedoes.
10:24Yeah, so these are the noses
10:26of the torpedoes.
10:27Are they live?
10:28And, well,
10:29they have 780 pounds
10:31of explosive in each one,
10:33and nobody really wants to see
10:34how sensitive they might be.
10:36So the mini-sub
10:37never fired its weapons.
10:39The real mystery
10:41is why this mini-sub
10:42is lying on the bottom
10:43of the ocean.
10:48I am curious about
10:50something I saw
10:51when we were building this.
10:53There is a hole
10:55right here
10:58in the conning tower.
11:00Could this hole
11:01be the result
11:02of the shot from the ward?
11:04The weapon that they fired
11:07at this submarine
11:08was a 4-inch,
11:08.50-caliber gun.
11:10It fired a 38-pound projectile
11:12that was traveling
11:13about 2,000 feet per second.
11:15And if you look closely
11:16at the rule,
11:17you can see that
11:18there's been a little key holing,
11:19so the hole is a little bit
11:20bigger than 4 inches,
11:21but the size is correct.
11:23No one could have survived
11:24the impact of this round.
11:26So this is the Japanese mini-sub
11:29spotted by the ward
11:30and fired on
11:31more than an hour
11:34before the main Japanese attack
11:36on Pearl Harbor.
11:39And Pete's scan confirms
11:41that this hole
11:42was the result of that shot,
11:44the first shot
11:46of the Pacific War,
11:48fired not by the Japanese,
11:50but by the Americans.
12:00If the significance
12:02of the encounter
12:03with the mini-sub
12:04had been realized,
12:05the Americans
12:06would have had
12:07a valuable warning
12:08that the Japanese
12:09were about to attack.
12:12But instead,
12:13on the mainland,
12:15it was a sleepy
12:16Sunday morning.
12:18No alarm was raised.
12:20They had no idea
12:21what was about to hit them.
12:24Just after dawn
12:25on December 7th,
12:27the Japanese
12:27launched the first wave
12:30of their attack.
12:32183 aircraft
12:33that approached the island
12:35from the north,
12:36sweep around
12:37to the leeward coast
12:39of Oahu,
12:40and then began
12:41attacking their targets.
12:46For the next hour,
12:48the aircraft attack Hawaii
12:49with impunity.
12:53Despite the Americans
12:54attempting to fight back,
12:56just nine of those
12:58183 planes
12:59are shot down.
13:02Astonishingly,
13:03the Japanese carrier fleet
13:04around 250 miles north
13:07of Oahu
13:07doesn't take
13:09a single hit.
13:11Why do the Americans
13:13do so little damage
13:14to the enemy?
13:16The answer could lie
13:18with a unique airplane,
13:20the PBY Catalina.
13:22The Catalina is a seaplane
13:25with an exceptional range.
13:27It can fly
13:28over 2,000 miles.
13:30So it's used
13:32as a reconnaissance aircraft,
13:34able to search the seas
13:35and find enemy ships.
13:38It was the Catalina's job
13:40to locate the attacking fleet,
13:42but that fleet
13:43was never found.
13:46To find out why,
13:48Marty and Pete
13:49have come to the eastern side
13:51of the island,
13:52Kaneohe Bay.
13:55The PBY Catalina
13:57takes off from the water,
13:59so this sheltered bay
14:00was the perfect home
14:01for three squadrons
14:03of Catalinas.
14:06Marine archaeologist
14:08Hans van Tilburg
14:09has been studying
14:10the history
14:10of this unique airplane.
14:12This was a great step forward,
14:14a monowinged seaplane
14:15with an immense range
14:17and endurance.
14:20And it just became
14:21a real workhorse,
14:22crew of nine.
14:24It had the capability
14:25to drop bombs.
14:27It could also land
14:28on the ocean
14:29and rescue
14:29a lot of downed pilots.
14:31It really became known
14:32for the long-range
14:33search and patrol missions.
14:35I get distracted sometimes
14:36into admiring the PBY
14:38because it's an elegant
14:39and beautiful aircraft.
14:41And it makes me lose track
14:43of the fact
14:43that this was an important
14:44weapon of war as well.
14:46That's right.
14:49So why didn't
14:50the seaplanes
14:51moored here
14:52take to the air
14:53and track down
14:54the Japanese fleet?
14:57Hans has discovered
14:58the sunken remains
14:59of a Catalina.
15:01Perhaps that
15:02can reveal the answer.
15:05First,
15:06they need to use sonar
15:07to pinpoint its location.
15:08So what's the wingspan?
15:14Well,
15:14this one's had
15:15like over 100 feet.
15:16That giant parasol wing.
15:18That's why they stayed aloft
15:19and had a range
15:20of 2,500 miles.
15:22See that?
15:24Yeah,
15:25we've got some hits here.
15:26There it is.
15:26There it is.
15:27It looks like
15:28the fuselage.
15:30There's got to be a wing.
15:32Yeah.
15:32So that's our spot.
15:3550 feet away.
15:3841.
15:39Stay on target.
15:4032.
15:42Stay on target.
15:4324.
15:4521.
15:47We're over it.
15:54This bay
15:55is known to have
15:56very poor visibility,
15:58which makes it impossible
15:59to get a good view
16:00of the wreck.
16:01So Pete and his dive team
16:03are going to use
16:043D scanning
16:05to reveal the Catalina
16:07as never before
16:09and hopefully find out
16:11why it's lying
16:12at the bottom of the bay.
16:14The mission here
16:15is really,
16:16as these cameras suggest,
16:18it's all about photogrammetry.
16:19So we're going to do our best
16:21to basically just orbit,
16:25take pictures as we go.
16:28As many pictures as we can
16:30because we want lots of overlap
16:31between pictures
16:32and just get as much coverage
16:34as we can with the cameras.
16:50Pete is searching
16:51for the wrecked seaplane.
16:52At first,
16:54he can see nothing.
16:58All right.
17:00But finally,
17:02a structure appears
17:03through the murk.
17:05This looks like fuselage
17:06moving in.
17:09Torn bits of aluminum.
17:13Lack of visibility
17:14is really obvious here.
17:16I think it'd be hard
17:19to patch this together.
17:22The silt makes this
17:24an incredibly challenging environment
17:26for photogrammetry.
17:28Each photo can only capture
17:30a small part
17:31of the huge structure,
17:33which means they'll need
17:34thousands of pictures.
17:37And every movement they make
17:39risks disturbing the bottom,
17:42reducing the visibility
17:43even further.
17:45We won't know
17:46if there's enough
17:46to model it
17:47until we try
17:48to put it together.
17:52Good stuff.
17:54That is a cool airplane.
17:57The visibility's not great.
18:01It might be five feet,
18:03maybe a little less.
18:04And you really, really
18:06have to be careful
18:06with your movements
18:07because one wrong flick
18:09of your hand
18:09or especially one of your fins,
18:11and you're gone
18:12because the silt
18:13is just everywhere.
18:16So, challenging,
18:20but not impossible.
18:25Can Pete turn
18:26these murky images
18:27into a 3D model
18:30and find out
18:31what happened
18:32to the Catalina?
18:41It takes more than
18:45eight hours of processing
18:46to turn the thousands
18:48of photographs
18:49into the first ever
18:513D scan
18:53of the Catalina wreck.
18:57Hans, look at the mesh.
19:00Oh, nice.
19:01This is amazing.
19:02To see it like this
19:03and not be hanging upside down
19:06in Kaneohe Bay
19:07is fantastic.
19:08The scan clearly shows
19:12one of the huge
19:13Catalina wings.
19:16The fuselage,
19:17or body,
19:18is tipped on its side.
19:21The other wing
19:22and parts of the tail section
19:24are missing.
19:27With the visibility
19:28in the water being
19:29what it is,
19:29you can't see
19:30the whole thing.
19:31You cannot.
19:32This is a 3D vision
19:33of the sight
19:34that is impossible
19:35to have today.
19:37Really?
19:37You can see the aircraft
19:38like this
19:39as it lays
19:40on the bottom
19:40of the bay.
19:42Is that cockpit?
19:44Inside the cockpit,
19:46Pete notices
19:47an astonishing detail.
19:50These are the throttle levers,
19:52one for each engine.
19:54And on the scan,
19:55you can clearly see
19:56that one of the throttles
19:57is pushed forwards.
19:59The port throttle
20:01is the starting position,
20:02which suggests
20:04that someone
20:06may have been
20:06starting the port engine.
20:10And there's another clue.
20:12The Catalina
20:13is equipped with floats,
20:15or pontoons,
20:16that stabilize the plane
20:18when it's on the water.
20:20In flight,
20:21the floats pivot
20:22and become part
20:23of the wing.
20:24So what condition
20:25is this plane in?
20:27This is the retractable
20:30wingtip pontoon.
20:33And so these are
20:34in the lowered position?
20:36Exactly.
20:37So the pontoon
20:39is a clue
20:39that this plane
20:40wasn't yet in the air,
20:42even though at least
20:43one of its engines
20:44was running.
20:45That tells us
20:48this aircraft
20:49was at its mooring,
20:51on the water,
20:52it exploded and sank.
20:54Somebody,
20:55somebody's trying
20:56to get the thing
20:56out of there
20:57because you're under attack.
20:58Absolutely.
20:59This was a surprise attack.
21:06Pete's scans
21:07revealed that this Catalina
21:08was still on the water,
21:10apparently preparing
21:11to take off.
21:13But it was struck
21:14by the Japanese
21:15before it could
21:17get airborne.
21:20And this plane
21:22wasn't the only one damaged.
21:25On land,
21:26there's evidence
21:27of just how devastating
21:29this attack was.
21:33Today,
21:34this is Marine Corps Base Hawaii,
21:37a highly restricted
21:38military facility.
21:40But Pete and Marty
21:41have been given
21:42special clearance
21:43to look for traces
21:44of December 7th.
21:47The tarmac here
21:49at Kaneohe
21:49is still being used today.
21:50This tarmac was here
21:51in December 1941,
21:53except back then
21:54there weren't Huey
21:55helicopters parked here.
21:56There were Catalinas,
21:5836th of them in all.
22:00They were tied down,
22:01some of them outside
22:02of the hangars
22:03at hard stand
22:04tie downs like that.
22:06Some of them
22:07were inside the hangars,
22:08in fact,
22:09somewhere in the water.
22:09And these aircraft
22:11were targeted
22:13by Japanese aircraft.
22:14Japanese came in
22:15strafing them
22:16with machine guns
22:17and then dive bombers
22:18and then level bombers
22:20dropping bombs on them.
22:22And at one point,
22:23one bomb landed
22:24right here.
22:25A 3D scan reveals
22:33not just the crater itself,
22:35now filled in with concrete,
22:37but scars from the fragments
22:40of shrapnel
22:41that splayed out
22:42from the impact.
22:43Yet another piece of evidence
22:45from the December 7th attack
22:47that is still with us today.
22:48Some of the Catalinas
22:52were stored indoors
22:54in these hangars.
22:56Pete wants to see
22:57if he can find evidence
22:58of the attack there, too.
23:01And in the stairwell
23:02at the back,
23:03he discovers
23:03something fascinating.
23:06Oh, yeah.
23:07So this is a hangar one.
23:11And rumor has it
23:12that there's damage
23:14in here from
23:15December 7th, 1941.
23:17Interesting angles in here,
23:24but really no problem
23:25for the scanner
23:26because the laser goes out
23:27in all directions
23:28at about 2 million times
23:30per second.
23:31The laser scanner
23:31loves interiors.
23:33So we'll get
23:34really rich,
23:36photorealistic,
23:37three-dimensional data
23:39of everything
23:40in this space.
23:42So 10 minutes from now,
23:43we're going to have
23:44some really amazing
23:45three-dimensional data.
23:48The 3D scan
23:50reveals that
23:50the metal staircase
23:51still has bullet holes
23:53from 1941.
23:56These must have come
23:58from Japanese aircraft
23:59firing machine guns
24:01at the hangars.
24:02look at this.
24:05So that's either
24:07because the shape's
24:09a little odd,
24:09it's either a round
24:10that struck somewhere else
24:11and tumbled into it
24:12or maybe a bit of shrapnel.
24:15There's one here.
24:17Looks like that.
24:18and another one right there.
24:22That sort of sends
24:23a chill up your spine,
24:24right?
24:25And not even indoors
24:26are you safe.
24:27So you're even
24:28in this concrete stairwell.
24:30Bullets are flying
24:31and you can tell
24:32that this is the entry side.
24:35So the bullets would have
24:36been coming in this direction.
24:38That's just amazing.
24:39So the Japanese
24:45attacked the base
24:46with bombs
24:47and bullets.
24:48It was a devastatingly
24:53successful raid.
24:55All 33 of the Catalinas
24:57on the ground
24:57or in the water
24:58were damaged.
25:00Many beyond repair.
25:02There was now no way
25:04for the Americans
25:05to find the Japanese fleet.
25:07But that didn't mean
25:09they couldn't fight back.
25:11The Americans
25:12had more than
25:13150 fighter aircraft
25:15stationed at airfields
25:16around Oahu
25:17ready to protect
25:18the island.
25:20But the Japanese
25:22were prepared.
25:24At the same time
25:26as they destroyed
25:26the Catalinas,
25:27they also attacked
25:28these airfields.
25:30The result
25:31was devastating.
25:41The Japanese plan
25:42was to first take out
25:43the island's air defenses
25:45even before
25:46the more famous attack
25:48on Pearl Harbor itself.
25:50Today,
25:51most of the visible evidence
25:53of that attack
25:54is lost.
25:56But Pete and Marty
25:57are hoping to find traces
25:58in one of Hawaii's
26:00forgotten airfields.
26:02Southwest of Pearl Harbor
26:04in a place
26:05called Ewa.
26:06It's visible
26:10on the LIDAR scan.
26:12If you strip away
26:13the vegetation,
26:14you can still make out
26:15what looks like
26:16a runway.
26:22People don't get to come here.
26:23It's a little bit off limits.
26:24This obviously looks like
26:30tarmac to me.
26:31I mean,
26:31runway or a parking ramp
26:33or something.
26:36This is definitely
26:37an airfield.
26:40Wow.
26:41What do you think?
26:52Wow.
26:52I think it's big.
26:56So this must have been
26:57airplanes everywhere.
27:00That's how you've got
27:01a couple of layers of history
27:02all superimposed
27:03to over one another.
27:04This airfield
27:08was home to nearly
27:0950 planes
27:10on December 7th,
27:11including fighters
27:13and bombers.
27:16There don't appear
27:17to be any visible
27:18traces of battle,
27:20but Pete thinks
27:21he might be able
27:22to find some
27:23using a bit of air power
27:24of his own.
27:29Whoa!
27:30What all's in here, Pete?
27:33Tripods for the GPS.
27:34landing pads.
27:37Some pretty important stuff.
27:39Ooh.
27:40So where do you put
27:41the rockets
27:42and the machine guns on it?
27:42Woo!
27:48So what benefit
27:49does a drone
27:50of this size
27:50and complexity
27:51give you
27:52that the smaller drones
27:53don't?
27:53Coverage.
27:54Because it can transition
27:56from hover to fixed wing,
27:57and when it does,
27:59you will see it
28:00take off.
28:04Pete wants to get a scan
28:07of the large concrete area
28:09where aircraft were kept.
28:13Oh, my God.
28:15Pete, that was so cool.
28:16Ha, ha, ha.
28:20He's hoping
28:21that his 21st century tech
28:22will detect
28:23will detect long-lost scars
28:25of battle.
28:27Now, it should transition.
28:29It is!
28:32What?
28:34That was cool.
28:36It's equipped
28:37with a multi-spectral camera
28:39that takes images
28:41in five different wavelengths,
28:44three visible colors
28:47and two infrared bands
28:49that the human eye
28:50can't see.
28:53The coolest, Pete.
28:55See it yaw
28:56into the wind.
28:58It is trying so hard
28:59to stay on a straight line.
29:00Ha, ha.
29:01The drone flies
29:04autonomously
29:05on a pre-programmed path
29:07so that every inch
29:09of the target area
29:10is covered.
29:12Now it's in the lane.
29:14It's going to come this way.
29:15Oh, there it is.
29:18He's just getting it done,
29:19isn't he?
29:19Yep.
29:20Turn, baby.
29:21Turn.
29:21Ha.
29:23All right.
29:24I am hitting
29:25return to land.
29:27Will it put down
29:28on that path?
29:29It will.
29:31Damn, it's straight
29:35up above it, isn't it?
29:36Yep.
29:39Thank God.
29:45I can't believe it.
29:48Are you kidding me?
29:51Pete, that was so cool.
29:53Okay, you're clear.
29:56Disarmed.
29:57And just in time.
30:01Pete has captured
30:03thousands of images
30:05at the airfield at EVA.
30:07Next, he uses
30:09image processing software
30:10to stitch them together
30:11and create one
30:13super high resolution image.
30:16And here,
30:17in the corner
30:18of the large concrete area,
30:21something has caught Pete's eye.
30:23There's a spot.
30:27It should be right here
30:28in the data.
30:30There's this, like,
30:31big sort of scar.
30:33Oh, it's right here,
30:33isn't it?
30:34Right here?
30:34Yeah.
30:35That's from high heat.
30:36So it just looks
30:37that you would otherwise
30:38just walk right over it
30:38and not even notice it.
30:39But this is basically
30:40the footprint
30:41of a burned aircraft.
30:42So a parked aircraft
30:43probably.
30:44Here's an eyelet,
30:45you see?
30:45There's a tie-down.
30:46So this was a hard stand.
30:47So you had a marine airplane
30:49that was tied down
30:50right at this spot.
30:50It was struck
30:52as the fuel
30:53inside the aircraft
30:54burned off
30:54as the airplane
30:55turned into a torch.
30:57And it left this damage
30:59that's still here
31:00to this day.
31:02Right.
31:03And militarily
31:04neutralizing
31:05your opponent's air power,
31:07which was lined up
31:09and exposed right here,
31:10makes sense.
31:11Every single one
31:13of the 49 aircraft
31:14at EVA
31:15was disabled
31:16by Japanese fighters.
31:18And across the island,
31:20the Japanese
31:21would go on
31:21to damage
31:22or destroy
31:23almost 350
31:24of the 390
31:26U.S. aircraft.
31:29The strategy
31:30had worked.
31:32U.S. air defenses
31:33had been devastated.
31:35Their eyes
31:35and teeth
31:36neutralized.
31:39Now the Japanese
31:41could turn
31:41to their main target,
31:44Pearl Harbor.
31:46It's here
31:47that the deadliest event
31:48of that day
31:49occurs.
31:57Pete's next task
31:58will be to reveal
31:59the site
32:00of that most infamous tragedy
32:02as never before.
32:05Unbelievable.
32:06The next step
32:16in the Japanese
32:16first wave
32:17is the attack
32:18on the Navy base
32:19here at Pearl Harbor.
32:21And it begins
32:22at about
32:227.55 a.m.
32:25They had expected
32:26to find
32:27aircraft carriers,
32:28but they didn't find any.
32:29And so they focus
32:30much of their attack
32:31on this,
32:33the eastern side
32:34of Fort Island.
32:37The Japanese
32:38prime target
32:39is now
32:40the seven battleships
32:41moored up
32:42in a line
32:43called Battleship Row.
32:45They attack first
32:47with torpedo bombers,
32:49flying as low
32:50as 50 feet.
32:51The battleships
32:52Oklahoma,
32:53West Virginia,
32:55and California
32:55are all hit
32:57by these
32:57800-kilogram torpedoes.
33:00Then the high-level
33:01bombers attack,
33:02dropping armor-piercing
33:04shells
33:04from around
33:0510,000 feet.
33:08And then,
33:0915 minutes
33:10into the attack,
33:11the Japanese
33:12score their
33:13most devastating
33:14hit
33:14on the
33:15battleship
33:16Arizona.
33:19Caught on film
33:20in this
33:21extraordinary
33:22footage.
33:23The destruction
33:33of the Arizona
33:33causes the largest
33:35loss of life
33:36that day.
33:371,177 men
33:40are killed,
33:41more than died
33:42on all the other
33:43ships put together.
33:48Arizona,
33:49up until that moment,
33:50up until 8.06 a.m.,
33:52was this magnificent
33:53piece of national
33:55prestige,
33:55the pride of the Navy,
33:56literally.
33:59You can still see her.
34:00She's still here.
34:03The buoy there
34:05marks the bow
34:06of the ship,
34:07and there's another
34:07buoy back here
34:09that marks the stern.
34:10608 feet long,
34:12beautiful,
34:12beautiful ship.
34:13now this mighty
34:22battleship
34:23is preserved
34:24as a memorial
34:25under the custody
34:26of the National
34:27Park Service.
34:29And today,
34:31Pete is going
34:31to join
34:32Park Service
34:32divers
34:33as they scan
34:34the wreck.
34:35I never get tired
34:37of this,
34:37ever.
34:38This is one
34:38of the greatest
34:39things I get
34:40to do
34:40just to be here,
34:43but to actually
34:45contribute
34:45to some
34:46of the actual
34:46hard work
34:47and the science
34:48is just
34:48incredibly meaningful
34:51to anyone
34:51who's here
34:52and gets to
34:53get in the water.
34:59Pete is hoping
35:00the data he collects
35:01will show
35:02why the Arizona
35:03suffered so much
35:04more damage
35:05than any other
35:06ship.
35:20The first phase
35:21of Pete's
35:22investigation
35:22is to create
35:23a new 3D model
35:25of the exposed
35:26upper deck
35:27of the ship.
35:33So we're here.
35:34back in the U.S.S.
35:36Arizona.
35:37How can you not
35:38just be
35:39amazed
35:40by sight like this?
35:47These are foals
35:48that sailors,
35:50no doubt,
35:51ate out of.
35:55Beautiful,
35:55white,
35:56hexagonal tiles
35:57here in the area
35:58of the galley.
36:04here we actually
36:06might have
36:07what could be
36:09a bomb
36:09penetration hole.
36:11So the bombs
36:12came through the deck.
36:15You have
36:15the skin of the ship.
36:17You can see it
36:18curves
36:19as it exploded.
36:20a site like this
36:31is a great place
36:32where we can use
36:32photogrammetry
36:33to monitor
36:35the change
36:36that's obviously
36:37going on here.
36:39So we will
36:40swim around
36:41this site
36:42with a camera
36:43taking pictures
36:44as we go.
36:47You can literally
36:47fly.
36:56Here's that open
36:57hatch.
36:58I'll have a go
36:59with it.
37:00The right camera
37:08you can get
37:08not only
37:09beautiful models
37:10but important models,
37:11valuable models.
37:18Oh my gosh.
37:22Like a leather
37:23boot of a sailor.
37:28That's just
37:29astonishing.
37:33It really puts
37:34the humanity
37:35on the Arizona.
37:38Because
37:39everything about
37:40this
37:40being the ultimate
37:44sacrifice.
37:56Will Pete Scan
37:58reveal what happened
37:59on that tragic
38:00day in 1941.
38:08Pete and his team
38:09have taken
38:10thousands of images
38:11of the exposed
38:12top level
38:13of the Arizona.
38:14Focusing on an area
38:15in the middle
38:16of the ship.
38:17Here.
38:19Next,
38:20Pete can turn them
38:21into a brand new
38:223D model
38:23which reveals
38:24an extraordinary
38:25window into life
38:27on board the ship.
38:29He's going to
38:30analyze it
38:30with National
38:31Park Service
38:32historian
38:32and Arizona
38:33expert
38:34Daniel Martinez.
38:39Oh my god.
38:40The detail
38:41is amazing.
38:43You know,
38:43I've had the
38:44opportunity years ago
38:45to dive on it
38:46and now I'm looking
38:47at detail
38:48that I would
38:49think would be
38:50unthinkable
38:50at the time.
38:56These details
38:57reveal exactly
38:58which part of
38:59the ship
38:59we're looking at.
39:01These are huge
39:02ovens,
39:03meaning that this
39:04is the galley
39:04where food was
39:06prepared for the crew.
39:08You can even see
39:09the kitchen tiles.
39:12It's a reminder
39:13that this was where
39:14hundreds of sailors
39:15worked,
39:16slept,
39:16and ate,
39:18including many
39:19who lost
39:20their lives
39:21in the attack.
39:23A great surprise
39:24to me,
39:24there were all
39:25these artifacts
39:25that absolutely
39:29put people
39:30on the ship.
39:32There were shoes,
39:33bottles,
39:35a cooking pot.
39:36It was just
39:37really personal.
39:40The project
39:41pretty much
39:42changed for me
39:43in that moment
39:44when you see
39:45artifacts that
39:47are connected
39:48to human beings.
39:49Right.
39:51Well,
39:51that human touch
39:52just reminds you
39:55that this was
39:55a living ship.
39:57It brings it
39:58all home
39:58of this great
39:59tragedy of
40:00the outbreak
40:01of World War II
40:02for the United
40:03States of America.
40:07We're very fortunate
40:08that Arizona
40:09is in the
40:10Pearl Harbor
40:11Naval Base
40:11because that
40:12ensures its
40:13protection
40:14and so
40:15that there
40:15won't be
40:16people
40:16that would
40:18do something
40:18they shouldn't
40:19do and remove
40:19something from
40:20the ship
40:20because everything
40:21on that ship
40:22is a clue
40:23to what happened.
40:27But to figure
40:28out what caused
40:29so much damage
40:30to the Arizona,
40:32Pete is going
40:32to need more
40:33than just a scan
40:34of this one area.
40:37He needs
40:38the whole ship,
40:40which is impossible
40:41just using
40:42photogrammetry.
40:43so he's used
40:49a combination
40:49of sonar,
40:51underwater
40:51laser scanning
40:52and robotic
40:54surface vehicles
40:55to create
40:57the highest
40:57resolution scan
40:59ever of the
41:00USS Arizona.
41:03And using
41:04augmented reality,
41:06the whole
41:06of the mighty
41:07Arizona can be seen
41:08for the first time
41:10in more than 75
41:12years.
41:17So this
41:21is perhaps
41:22the greatest
41:23representation
41:24of the scan data
41:25we did
41:26of the ship.
41:27I can't get over it.
41:35All 600 feet
41:36of this ship
41:37starting right here
41:39at the prow
41:39and it goes
41:42all the way up
41:43and out
41:44and 600 feet
41:46that way,
41:47about 100 feet wide.
41:49Unbelievable.
41:50I mean,
41:52look at this.
41:53Oh my gosh.
41:56This scan reveals
41:58that the front
41:58of the ship
41:59has been blasted
42:00open by a huge
42:01explosion.
42:04So no doubt
42:05when the explosion
42:07happened,
42:08this is such a great
42:09view of how
42:10the battleship
42:12armor plate
42:13just flowered out
42:15from this
42:15massive explosion.
42:21This model
42:22shows the damage
42:23to the Arizona
42:24as never before.
42:27The force
42:28required to cause
42:29this much destruction
42:30is greater
42:31than any bomb
42:32carried by
42:33the Japanese aircraft.
42:36But the pattern
42:38of damage
42:38shows that
42:39the explosion
42:39occurred
42:40in this area
42:41of the ship.
42:43And this
42:44is the location
42:45of the magazines
42:46where explosives
42:48and armaments
42:49were stored.
42:53So a Japanese
42:55bomb from
42:55a high-level
42:56bomber
42:57must have
42:57penetrated
42:58the ship
42:58and ignited
42:59these munitions.
43:01This produced
43:03a terrible explosion
43:04caught on
43:05this remarkable
43:06film,
43:08leading to
43:08the rapid sinking
43:09and huge loss
43:10of life.
43:14and now
43:15since 1961
43:17this beautiful
43:17memorial
43:18which was built
43:19over the wreck
43:20of the ship
43:21has stood here
43:22in memory
43:22of the 1,177 men
43:25who lost their lives
43:26on it
43:27when it exploded
43:27and the over
43:29900 men
43:30who remain
43:31inside this ship
43:32to this very day.
43:34Which is,
43:35I think,
43:35why this has become
43:36such a special place
43:37because World War II
43:38only began
43:40at the moment
43:40that their lives
43:41were lost.
43:41Pete and Marty
43:46have revealed
43:47the secret scars
43:48of that day
43:49of infamy
43:50still here
43:51after more than
43:52three-quarters
43:53of a century.
43:56These traces
43:57have shown
43:57just how brilliantly
43:59the Japanese
44:00executed their plan.
44:04But America
44:05then responded
44:06with a ferocity
44:07and determination
44:08that the Japanese
44:10didn't expect.
44:11for all its
44:15apparent success
44:16the attack
44:17on Pearl Harbor
44:18would turn out
44:19to be
44:19a disaster
44:20for the Empire
44:22of Japan.
44:23to be
44:32the Empire
44:34Sarah
44:35of Hawaii
44:36sting
44:37and
44:37it's
44:39important
44:39to be
44:40up there
44:41in the
44:41the
44:42b