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00:00This was the theater of one of the most legendary battles of the Roman era.
00:12In Puglia, the plain of Cannae is the place of memory of a bloody fight on August 2, 216 BCE.
00:2250,000 men would die. Infantry or cavalry? They could no longer tell.
00:28This was unheard of in antiquity.
00:33The Carthaginian army was coming to challenge the Roman army on its own turf.
00:38Thanks to its military genius, Hannibal, the great Carthaginian general,
00:43would achieve the incredible feat of leading his troops across the Alps in winter on the backs of elephants.
00:51An extraordinary land odyssey that would contribute to the myth of the Battle of Cannae.
00:58To be continued...
01:26Hannibal's ghost still roams the plain of Cannae.
01:38His standing was such that this second Punic War between Carthage and Rome
01:43was also dubbed Hannibal's War,
01:46after the man who shook the foundations of Roman power.
01:49Even today, General Hannibal exercises a kind of fascination in the land of Cannae.
02:01Historians and archaeologists are still seeking to unlock the secrets of this mysterious warrior.
02:09Among them, Elisabetta Todisco, professor at the University of Bari,
02:14who returns to the site of the Carthaginian triumph.
02:19We know that he looks like his father.
02:21He had his way of speaking, his attitude, his view.
02:27He was the first to arrive on the battlefield and the last to retire himself.
02:32He's intelligent, strategic, but he's cruel, he's arrogant, he's astute.
02:38This so often romanticized character exuded natural authority.
02:44What is certain is that from a young age he was a budding military leader.
02:48Thanks to his physical presence, his temperament, and above all, his tactical know-how.
02:54We know that he was the son of Amilcar, a very good general, who gave him a very good education.
03:02We know that he certainly spoke the Greek to the perfection,
03:06that he read a lot of writings of Greek historians, of tacticians also,
03:12because the Greeks wrote on the way of fighting, on the tactics.
03:19And he had a charisma, an ascendant, a force of personality that incuteed not only the due respect to his men,
03:36who were of various cultures and various provinces, but also the desire to be equal to him.
03:45Hannibal succeeded his father, Hamilcar, at the head of the Carthaginian troops.
03:58The new commander, not yet 30 years old, was sworn to overthrow Rome.
04:04We know that his father taught him the haine of Rome.
04:11So there is the myth of the sermon that he would have taught to fight Rome until his death.
04:18It is possible, but it is not a certainty.
04:22It is possible also that this sermon had been invented by the Romans
04:26to justify and explain the harassment of Hannibal.
04:30Originally, the conflict pitied a maritime empire, Carthage, against a land empire, Rome.
04:42At stake was the economic and political supremacy of the Mediterranean basin.
04:47The first war between the two powers lasted 23 years, from 264 to 241 BCE.
04:55It turned to Rome's advantage and left Carthage weakened.
04:58Carthage perd the first Punic War, which is a war almost all over the sea.
05:07It is a war almost all over the sea.
05:09Carthage perd the Sicily, and then Sardegna and Corsica will lose.
05:16Of course, they dreamt a war against Rome.
05:21They dreamt a war against Rome, which will be Hannibal to escape.
05:25But this time, he knew the war wouldn't happen at sea.
05:32He'd have to face the Romans on their lands.
05:34The new general Hannibal's first exploit was an insane plan.
06:02An unimaginable journey that still continues to fascinate students of antiquity.
06:16This is one of the greatest puzzles in history.
06:19The unlikely terrestrial odyssey, led by Hannibal on the backs of elephants, started from Spain,
06:26crossed the Pyrenees and the Alps, to go and confront the Romans on their territory.
06:33The itinerary of this heroic ride still holds its share of mystery.
06:37How and where did Hannibal lead his troops on foot, horse and elephant?
06:41And this question still intrigue today.
06:50The same holds true at the Paris military school,
06:53where Colonel Faudet teaches officers the art of war by the great strategist Hannibal.
06:58Surtout, Hannibal a chevillé au corps cette volonté de surprendre les Romains.
07:08Et cette surprise est réalisée par les éléphants.
07:13Les Romains n'ont jamais vu pour certains des éléphants.
07:17Et puis, les Romains n'imaginent pas que les troupes cartaginoises vont cheminer,
07:23y compris au prix de pertes considérables, 50% de l'effectif sur une telle distance.
07:29Il n'avait pas le choix.
07:31Il fallait qu'il passe par l'intérieur des terres.
07:35Et en plus, la traversée des Alpes, ça a montré qu'il était un personnage extraordinaire
07:42parce que personne n'aurait eu l'idée de faire ça, surtout à la mauvaise saison.
07:48Il ne pouvait pas passer près du littoral, par Nice et Gênes.
07:52En revanche, en passant par les Alpes, il était à l'abri d'une contre-attaque des Romains.
08:01Close to a hundred thousand men set off from Cartagena in Spain with about thirty elephants.
08:08The troops crossed the Pyrenees, then moved away from the coast.
08:13They suffered a few skirmishes along the way, such as when crossing the Rhone.
08:18Historians have long wondered about the route taken by Hannibal to cross the Alpes.
08:24It was on the banks of the Durance, a tributary of the Rhone, at the entrance to the Keras Massif,
08:40that historian Jean-Pierre Renaud carried out research to elucidate Hannibal's mysterious transalpine route.
08:47On est à hauteur de Mont Dauphin, on est donc dans les Alpes du Sud.
08:57C'est l'entrée du Kera qui va jusqu'à la frontière italienne.
09:00Il n'y a pas beaucoup de col, dans les Alpes du Sud il n'y en a qu'un, c'est celui-là, celui de Malhorde.
09:10Il y a des centaines de livres qui ont été écrits pour justifier le passage par un endroit ou par un autre.
09:16Nous sommes obligés de partir des textes et puis d'essayer de voir ce qui est le plus vraisemblable
09:21pour une armée qui comprend des fantassins, des cavaliers et des éléphants
09:27et qui traîne avec elle aussi sa logistique.
09:33J'ai utilisé ce que je connaissais de mon travail sur les voies antiques,
09:37c'est-à-dire d'aller sur le terrain, de repérer les endroits,
09:40de comprendre les points de passage obligés, de comprendre les ruptures de pente,
09:45de comprendre, pour justement faire mes investigations de terrain.
09:53Pour Jean-Pierre Renaud, there'd have been 18 days' march between the banks of the Durance
09:58and arrival on the Po plain.
10:01For that, the dizzying Gorge du Guille seems to be a necessary passage to the peaks of Keras.
10:09According to certain historians, Hannibal moved his troops deep into the gorges.
10:14But perhaps the truth lies elsewhere.
10:18Another possible path is this small Roman road on the mountainside.
10:23Le chemin antique était sur cette montagne et ça ne passait pas par les gorges, c'est trop, c'est impossible.
10:32Donc on le voit ici, le chemin qui monte vers le hameau de Croix et qui va monter vers le cirque de Furfonde.
10:41Et d'ailleurs c'est intéressant parce que ce chemin passe à des endroits où on peut situer la première embuscade.
10:48The itinerary proved costly to Hannibal in terms of troops.
10:58In addition to accidents and desertions, there were also victims of ambushes.
11:02All clues to the progress Hannibal's army made.
11:05These alpine attackers, identified as mountain dwellers and barbarians, struck here on the magnificent promontory of Chateau Keras, once bare rock.
11:19Working from various historical sources, our researcher was able to retrace the chronology of the movements of Hannibal and his men.
11:26Ils ont progressé très lentement parce qu'il y a eu deux embuscades.
11:31Donc si vous voulez, ils ont fait pratiquement du quatre kilomètres par jour, pas plus.
11:35Les peuples des Alpes tendaient des embuscades, jetaient des rochers sur les soldats parce que les sentiers s'effondraient, que les hommes roulaient dans les dépressions en contrebas.
11:49The presence of rocks at the bottom of the valleys would indicate that these are indeed the spots where the Carthaginian soldiers were targeted.
12:07A few kilometers further on, our historian rediscovered an ancient road.
12:12Hannibal's troops could have reached the Col de Mallor to descend towards the Po Valley in the autumn of 2018.
12:42On ne peut pas l'imaginer comme une espèce de très longue colonne, très étirée, qui monte comme ça, trois sur trois rangs, je ne sais pas.
12:57Non, ce n'est pas ça. Ils montent un peu comme ils peuvent, d'ailleurs, à leur rythme, et sans doute par vague.
13:02Le chemin après-romain est de l'autre côté. On le voit d'ailleurs, on le voit assez bien grâce à des restes de soutènement et de pierres, là, qu'on voit un peu en guirlande.
13:16Il est dit dans les textes qu'à partir d'un certain point, les soldats montent où ils peuvent. Ils ne montent plus sur le chemin.
13:24Voilà, ça c'est intéressant. Donc il y en avait partout, il y en avait beaucoup plus haut, sur tout le flanc, là, ils avançaient à leur façon.
13:54Winter was near, and the first snowflakes accompanied Hannibal's troops on the road to the summit.
14:05This is the famous Col de Malheur, at an altitude of 2,500 meters.
14:22On arrive sous une hauteur avancée, c'est comme ça que dit Tite-Olive, qui s'appelle la Crosse Neta.
14:28Et ça, ça a une importance. Cette hauteur avancée a permis à Hannibal de rassembler son état-major,
14:43parce que dans les textes, Polype, justement, a rapporté un discours d'Hannibal parlant du mur de Rome.
14:51Il leur dit, voilà, vous allez franchir les murs de Rome.
14:54Et ces murs, tout simplement, c'est le fond de cet amphithéâtre qui est vraiment très raide.
14:58C'est le fond de l'Hannibal, c'est le fond de l'Hannibal, c'est le fond de l'Hannibal.
15:04La mission de l'Hannibal a été successante, mais à quel prix?
15:08Le leader de l'Hannibal exausté ses troupes pendant cette rédition, incroyable, incroyable avant de l'enverser la plus grande armée dans l'ancien monde?
15:17Il y a le commandement, il y a le recrutement, comme il y a beaucoup d'hommes en Italie.
15:39L'Italie est une région qui est extrêmement peuplée, qui est certainement la plus peuplée de toute la Méditerranée.
15:44Quand on recrute dix soldats, on a cent jeunes gens qui se présentent.
15:49Donc on peut prendre les dix meilleurs, physiquement et intellectuellement.
15:53Nous qui avons la fanteria leggera, la plus jeune et la plus pauvre.
16:03Qui avons la première linee de la fanteria pesante, qui est composée d'autres astatis armés de l'hannibal.
16:11Qui avons la fanteria pesante de la seconde linee, qui sont les principes.
16:19Et qui avons la fanteria pesante de la troisième linee, qui sont les triari.
16:28Il y a l'armement, qui est aussi assez extraordinaire.
16:32Les Romains modifient leur armement chaque fois qu'ils découvrent une nouvelle pièce qui leur paraît plus efficace que la précédente.
16:40Et ça, c'est quelque chose d'extraordinaire dans l'Antiquité.
16:47Among these new weapons that improved over time, the lethal weapon of the Roman heavy infantry
16:53was the Iberian sword brought back from Spanish conquests, better known as the Gladius.
17:00C'est un acciaio molto migliore.
17:03C'est un acciaio qui permet de penetrer les anelles de la cotta de maglia,
17:09sia des Celtes du nord d'Italia,
17:12mais aussi des troupes qui vont à la suite de l'Anibale quand il scende in l'Italia.
17:17Diciamo che è molto pesante, ma è molto ben equilibrata, molto bilanciata,
17:23quindi è circa un chilo, un chilo e due di arma,
17:27che però viene utilizzata molto bene anche grazie a questo pomolo importante
17:31che fa presa dietro al polso della mano.
17:35Quindi questo rende l'arma possibile di essere utilizzata sia di punta,
17:48sia con dei fendenti dall'alto o dal basso.
17:52Ecco perché i Romani avevano bisogno di spazio tra le file per combattere
18:00e vedremo dopo che a Canne sarà fondamentale questa mancanza di spazio.
18:05With battle experience, the shield had also improved.
18:09It was no longer a wooden defensive weapon, it was also an assault weapon.
18:14In questa maniera qua.
18:19At its center, it was fitted with a 500 gram metal ball,
18:23allowing the soldier to retaliate.
18:26The heavy infantry armor had been strengthened.
18:28The iron chainmail was now lined with a protective layer of leather.
18:33The Roman army therefore seemed invincible.
18:36Hannibal had to devise a manoeuvre to exploit his enemy's slightest weakness.
18:46The incredible crossing of the Alps had clearly diminished Hannibal,
18:50who left Carthage at the head of 100,000 men.
18:52He left the Alps with only a quarter of his troops.
19:0026,000 infantry and cavalry combined.
19:0326,000 men, it's already bad.
19:08Surtout that it's already trained soldiers who have already experienced the fight.
19:12He arrives in Italy, he is weak, of course.
19:16He is very weak, but he arrives in Italy
19:20and almost immediately he has reinforcements from the Cisalpina Galli.
19:26Though Hannibal's numbers swelled by more than 10,000 men going into future battles,
19:36symbolically, he was deprived of the weapon that contributed most to his mythology,
19:42the elephant.
19:42It's a weapon, it's not a way of transport, it's a weapon of combat.
19:49The elephant, when it's launched, is a real assault rifle.
19:53It can't be stopped.
19:55It's flying in the lights of the fantassins that are in front of them.
20:00There were a trentina of elephants, of small size,
20:07and they were in part survived Alfredo.
20:11He passed the winter in a region of Italy called the Trurie
20:17and in a rocky zone to be calm, to be safe, to be sure that the Romans would not attack him.
20:23In this rocky zone, all elephants are dead, except one alone, and it's the only one who survived.
20:31Hannibal's military genius was revealed to the Romans during the battles that marked his descent of the peninsula.
20:56After his first successes in Ticino and Trebia in winter,
21:03Lake Trasimeno was the scene of a tactical demonstration
21:06ten months before the big clash between the two armies in Cannae.
21:15Giovanni Brizzi is the author of the latest theory on the course of the Battle of Trasimeno.
21:20Siamo al malpasso.
21:29La strettoia che i Romani imboccano appena certa luce, cioè appena sorta l'alba,
21:37la imboccano restringendosi progressivamente perché escono in una formazione,
21:43dobbiamo immaginarli in una formazione piuttosto larga.
21:46Le regioni in marcia, in una formazione sempre più stretta, a file sempre più ridotte
21:54e prendono questa strada che sanno essere stata presa da Hannibal e la notte,
22:02la sera, il pomeriggio precedente.
22:04Il 21 giugno del 217 a.C. è l'alba e il lago è coperto di nebbia.
22:22L'ho vista io la nebbia in quella stagione, in questa stagione, in estate, all'inizio dell'estate.
22:28E i Romani si incamminano in mezzo alla nebbia in un mondo ovattato
22:39in cui credono che Hannibale sia già lontano, in realtà Hannibale è qui ed è tutto attorno.
22:46Hannibale è qui, i galli sono qui, sono appostati su quel basso rilievo che voi vedete qui di fianco,
22:57sono acquattati in cima aspettando che i legionari passino sotto di loro.
23:05Qui al Trasimeno è l'imboscata perfetta.
23:08According a Professor Brezzi's thesis,
23:15the Roman troops were marching here along the lake
23:18when they were attacked on their flank by the Carthaginian infantryman,
23:22posted on the reliefs.
23:26This first offensive wave was followed by a second assault
23:29a few hundred metres further on,
23:31this time by Hannibal's cavalry,
23:34charging down from the neighbouring hill.
23:36The Roman army was therefore cornered with no escape
23:43as the lake blocked all chance of flight.
23:51The casualties were considerable.
23:56The only remnants of this conflict are these funerary pits dug into the hill,
24:01Hannibal, intended to cremate the remains of the many victims,
24:05estimated to be more than 16,000 on the Roman side.
24:10This latest massacre sent a clear message throughout the ancient world.
24:16Hannibal had found the solution
24:17to thwarting the supposed superiority of the Roman army.
24:21Hannibal had adopted the models of the great Hellenistic generals,
24:28that is, how are they winning?
24:30They win either with the force or with the courage,
24:34what you call the rues de guerre,
24:37that is, the Greek genius genius genius genius genius.
24:40was the roman army therefore
25:10doomed to suffer the tactical superiority of Hannibal as the great battle of this second
25:16Punic war loomed?
25:2311 months later in the summer of 216 BCE, 500 kilometers to the south of Trezimeno, not
25:30far from the Adriatic Sea, Hannibal the strategist would deploy a new, unstoppable tactic.
25:40The first reflex of a good strategist is the choice of battlefield.
25:44It would be the plain of Puglia, close to Bari and Barletta.
25:49For Giuliano Volpi, professor of archaeology at the University of Bari, the choice was significant
25:55in the progression of Hannibal's troops.
25:57We must imagine a campground dominated by wheat, by cereals, which were the great resource
26:06of this territory, the great resource of the Daunia. Canne was the great resource of the
26:16grain of the valley of Lofanto. It is why Hannibal chose this territory.
26:24This discesa through the peninsula, even if it is a victory, it is a discesa that
26:33segna l'esercito di Hannibal. I soldiers of the esercito di Hannibal muoiono per fame,
26:39e non soltanto per guerra, perché i vettovagliamenti scarseggiano e avere poco vettovagliamento
26:46significa anche rischiare la ribellione delle truppe mercenarie, proprio perché questo esercito
26:53è un esercito mercenario.
26:54L'allevamento dei cavalli era una delle attività principali dell'aristocrazia della Daunia.
27:15Il cavallo era l'altra grande attrazione per Hannibal. Trovando qui, trovava grano in grande quantità
27:27e cavalli che potevano essere utilizzati per la sua cavalleria.
27:32The choice of combat zone wasn't guided solely by logistical needs. It was also a tactical choice.
27:45Hannibal's cavalry was his sharpest weapon, and he had to choose a terrain on which it
27:49would be decisive.
27:52Nella nuova forma mentis di Hannibal era molto utile utilizzare soprattutto le staffette,
28:02le sentinelle che venivano mandate avanti di due, tre, quattro giorni per esplorare il territorio
28:09e quindi con testimonianze scritte sulle quali poi lui sviluppava la strategia.
28:15This was the theatre for the Battle of Cannae.
28:28From the hill of the archeological site extends this vast plain,
28:32which 2,000 years on has still not revealed all its secrets.
28:45We are here, on the hill of Cannae, and in the bottom of the hill of Cannae.
29:00This is the hill of Cannae, which was even more large, because in the course of time
29:04the hill of Cannae changed its shape, so it was much larger than the battle.
29:11L'identificazione della Piana dell'Ofanto come il luogo di svolgimento della Battaglia di Cannae
29:19è un dato che noi possiamo rilevare, insomma, dalle diverse, dalle innumerevoli fonti storiche.
29:26Tito Livio, nella sua opera, nella Burbe Condita, e Polibio, nelle storie,
29:32identificano chiaramente il sito di Cannae.
29:36Non ci sono comunque delle testimonianze materiali solide.
29:44Sono eventi disastrosi, ma che spesso lasciano tracce molto labili, molto evanescenti.
29:51Il sito di Cannae ha dovuto essere un posto di riduzione per la Roma.
30:01Perché la configurazione di questa vasta, flat area
30:06era, in theory, adattata alla sua fortuna e alla sua volume,
30:10come mai avanti aveva rome mobilizzato tantissimi uomini su una battaglia.
30:16E i romani hanno questa fissa, questa idea fissa, quella che voi chiamate la battaglia rangée,
30:28la battaglia en ras campagne, la battaglia campale,
30:31la grande battaglia decisiva come Austerlitz, come Wagram, come Iena, come quello che volete,
30:37e vogliono una battaglia campale.
30:42Quindi mettono insieme un'armata che è un'armata gigantesca.
30:45Un'armata fuori proporzione.
30:48Fuori proporzione che deve schiacciare l'esercito di Anniboli a campo.
30:54Solo che l'altro è un genio della tattica.
30:58È un comandante che ha pochi uguali nella storia.
31:01Come tattico è un tattico quasi, quasi inarrivabile.
31:21Si organizzano. Vogliono avere un esercito grande come quello di Annibale,
31:25anzi più grande di quello di Annibale.
31:28E quindi alle legioni che già hanno, alle quattro legioni che già hanno,
31:32ne aggiungono altre quattro.
31:34Aumentano il loro potenziale legionario
31:37e quando lo aumentano poi dobbiamo moltiplicare per due
31:40perché lo stesso numero di soldati chiederanno ai loro alleati.
31:43Sono convinti in questo modo di poter sconfiggere Annibale,
31:47con un esercito più numeroso.
31:49Arriveranno a 86.000 uomini.
31:55Annibale non aveva un corso di attenzione
32:00oltre che i suoi strumenti di guerra.
32:02L'affreddato il suo numerico inferiore
32:05con la sua capacità di adattare al territorio.
32:08Un alleato strategicamente e tatticamente forte di Annibale qui a Canne
32:16fu madre natura.
32:17Doveva sfruttare anche il sole
32:19e dispose i suoi uomini di spalle al sole
32:23di modo che, man mano che il sole solgeva da quella parte,
32:27accecava il nemico.
32:30In più ci si mise anche il vento.
32:38Annibale utilizza anche eolo.
32:42In quel momento, quando già il grano era stato raccolto,
32:46siamo agli inizi di agosto, il grano è stato già raccolto,
32:50il paesaggio è dominato dalle stoppie del grano
32:56e il vento quindi solleva polvere, solleva stoppie che infastidiscono,
33:02che creano una sorta di nube.
33:04E i romani hanno anche questo impedimento,
33:09oltre che degli errori strategici,
33:11hanno anche un impedimento visivo
33:14che non consente di capire per tempo
33:19qual era la strategia che Annibale ha messo in campo.
33:27Hannibal would dream up a Machiavellian trick
33:30per annihilare gli adversari.
33:34E' sicuramente l'una delle battaglie
33:36che è la più studiata in le nostri amici.
33:39Hannibal's problem seemed insurmountable.
33:42How to defeat 86,000 legionari
33:45with almost three times fewer men?
33:47He set up a strategy that was, to say the least, bold.
33:51He aligned his army along the entire Roman front.
33:55Its central line pitted just 12,000 men
33:58against 70,000 Roman infantry.
34:01This is where his genius came into play.
34:03He installed a convex line
34:05with which the legionaries collided
34:07as they advanced on the tip of the Carthaginian line.
34:10Upon contact, Hannibal ordered his men to fall back
34:14to deceive the Romans.
34:16Hannibal lets enfoncer his infantry.
34:19So there is a weak movement of the infantry movement
34:22of the infantry movement.
34:24So in general, the Romans say
34:27that we have won.
34:28What should happen is reality.
34:30That means that we are going to enfoncer
34:33these poor phantassins who will finally crack.
34:38The Romans were convinced that the Carthaginians
34:41were being routed.
34:43In reality, it was they who ran into Hannibal's trap.
34:47It's an excellent confidence.
34:49It even is called the hubris.
34:51It's at a moment where I'm so sure of myself
34:54and sure of my maneuvers
34:56that I forget the essence of the tactics principles.
35:00And this is the military intuition
35:06of this great general.
35:09The Roman army moves forward.
35:12The Carthaginians move forward.
35:15So this half-luna goes back.
35:17The convexity becomes concavity.
35:23At the center of the battle,
35:25the Roman infantrymen were therefore squeezed
35:27in this pincer movement.
35:29Almost simultaneously, Hannibal's cavalry
35:32began an encirclement maneuver from the sides
35:35where both sides' cavalry were positioned.
35:38The Carthaginians, Hannibal, had 10,000 cavaliers.
35:45And they were excellent cavaliers,
35:47particularly the Numids.
35:49The Numids were inhabitants of the region
35:52that corresponds to the current time
35:55to the east of Algeria.
35:57They were exceptional cavaliers
35:59and the Numids were much more mobile.
36:01The Numids had an ancient tradition
36:04of cavalrymen,
36:06a cavalrymen,
36:08which allowed them
36:09to be particularly effective
36:11against the heavy infantry
36:13like that Roman Roman.
36:14It's a small cavalry,
36:16but very strong,
36:17very robust,
36:18which allowed these cavalrymen
36:20to be valed with the Alps.
36:22They had a direct relationship
36:24with the animal.
36:25They were mounted to the animal
36:26and they didn't have anything
36:28to do with a cord
36:29or a bridge
36:30around the collar
36:31of the cavalry,
36:32which they used even
36:34with the teeth.
36:35So they had the hands
36:37free to defend
36:38with the scud
36:39and hit them
36:40with the Giavellotti.
36:41They had no need
36:42to do anything.
36:43Their movement
36:44rapid and fast
36:45was typical
36:46of a light cavalry.
36:47Their task was
36:49to run around
36:52to the adversaries
36:54and push them
36:55until they were not
36:57in battle
36:58and, at that point,
36:59to confront them
37:01with them
37:02and, always
37:03with this series
37:04of Giavellotti
37:05that they were armed
37:07with very dangerous
37:09guns
37:10and they would have
37:11had these Giavellotti
37:12continually
37:13against the enemy.
37:19Given the quantity,
37:2010.000 against 6.000
37:22and the quality
37:23of its men,
37:24the Carthaginian cavalry
37:25crushed the resistance.
37:31The advance
37:32of each size cavalry
37:33completed the encirclement
37:34maneuver,
37:35helped in this
37:36by a double lateral
37:37noose
37:38by the Libyan
37:39heavy infantry.
37:44The Roman legionaries
37:45were totally encircled.
37:47Their whole
37:48fighting technique
37:49was affected.
37:50This,
37:53despite what
37:55you can think,
37:56is the Roman order
37:57of combat
37:58an open order
37:59that allows
38:00the flag of the
38:03flag,
38:04allows
38:05to create a forest
38:06of swords
38:07that turn around
38:08the opponent
38:09and hit it.
38:10In this way,
38:11it is almost impossible
38:12to penetrate
38:13and even
38:14where one
38:15could be
38:16to penetrate
38:17a second
38:18line
38:19that
38:20hit it
38:21and
38:22this situation
38:23that allows
38:24combat
38:25a
38:26can
38:27a
38:47of
38:48the
38:49battle
38:50and
38:51so
38:52they
38:53are
38:54in a
38:55sort
38:56of
38:57rullo
38:58compressive
38:59in this
39:00position
39:01they
39:04are
39:06close to
39:07they
39:08think
39:09they
39:10think
39:11they
39:12are
39:13close to
39:14the enemy
39:15they
39:16are
39:17close to
39:18this
39:19position
39:20they
39:21are
39:22not
39:23they
39:24can't move
39:25the sword
39:26one
39:27after
39:28the
39:29the
39:40battle
39:41of
39:42Cannae
39:43lasted
39:44nine
39:45hours
39:46nine
39:47hours
39:48of
39:49ruthless
39:50confrontation
39:51the
39:52plane
39:53of Cannae
39:54is the
39:55cemetery
39:56of the
39:57Roman Empire
39:58route
40:00la
40:01descrizione
40:02della fine
40:03della battaglia
40:04nel racconto di Livio
40:05rimane fortemente impresso
40:07nella memoria
40:08una
40:09piana
40:10piena di cadaveri
40:11l'uno sull'altro
40:12ciò che avvenne
40:14su quel campo di battaglia
40:16fu talmente sanguinario
40:17fu talmente cruento
40:19che viene riportato
40:21un fatto
40:23raccontato
40:24con
40:25una
40:26crudezza
40:27di dettagli
40:28degna
40:29di un film
40:30dell'orrore
40:31corpi
40:32corpi
40:33corpi
40:34uno sull'altro
40:35non si capisce chi è un fante
40:36chi è un cavaliere
40:37commissione di corpi
40:38credo che questa immagine sia
40:39fortemente sintetica
40:40di questa battaglia
40:42qui muoiono lì
40:43sono cinquanta mila uomini
40:45che muoiono lì
40:46ed è una cosa mai vista nel mondo civile
40:52per mesi
40:53Hannibal
40:54sò
40:55terror
40:56per la peninsula
40:57dopo la massacra di Cannai
40:58era pensato
40:59di essere
41:00nelle porte
41:01rome
41:02però
41:03legenda
41:04che il grande
41:05militare
41:06e i suoi
41:07trattati
41:08per la
41:09delitti
41:10di Capua
41:11che
41:12aveva conquistato
41:13durante il vento
41:14di 215
41:15B.C.E.
41:16Rome
41:17è stata protegita
41:18per un
41:19rempart
41:20che l'on appelava
41:21Hannibal
41:23ho capito
41:24che non poterà
41:25non poterà
41:26Hannibal
41:27finiria
41:28sull'altra parte
41:29del Mediterraneo
41:30quando il generale
41:31Scipio
41:32lo torna a tornare
41:33a combattere
41:34sulle terre
41:35in Carthage
41:36questa volta
41:37Hannibal
41:38metterà
41:39un strategista
41:40che lui
41:41nella battaglia
41:42di Zama
41:43in 202 B.C.E.
41:45l'inizio
41:46dell'era
41:48e l'inizio
41:49di un mito
41:50di un
41:52tutto
41:53di un
42:13Transcription by CastingWords