Okay, this is seriously cool — scientists just discovered a mysterious structure hidden beneath one of the pyramids! It’s been sitting there for thousands of years and nobody knew it was even there. Using advanced scanning technology, like ground-penetrating radar, researchers picked up something big and oddly shaped underground. Some think it might be an ancient hidden chamber or even a secret tunnel system. The wild part? No one really knows what it was used for — it’s all a mystery for now. Whatever it is, this find could change what we thought we knew about how the pyramids were built! Animation is created by Bright Side.
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FunTranscript
00:00This is not a dune set. This is a very real desert in Niger.
00:10Jado was probably built by the nomadic Sao people and is filled with Xars, which are fortified houses made of salt and clay, with giant walls and secret passages.
00:22Located deep in the desert, it was once a vital stop for trans-Saharan caravans, but is now a hotspot for smugglers and bandits.
00:31The site has been off-limits since 2002 due to its dangers. The origin of the Kassars remain a mystery.
00:39No archaeological studies have been conducted, leaving many questions unanswered.
00:43Even today, shifting sands reveal and conceal parts of these ancient ruins, fueling local speculation about what might still be hidden beneath the desert.
00:57Speaking of connective tunnels, scientists were blown away by the discovery of lava tubes in Saudi Arabia.
01:05These underground passages form when molten lava cools down.
01:08Researchers believe that ancient nomadic groups may have utilized these tunnels to survive the super-harsh desert climates.
01:17While excavating the tunnels, archaeologists uncovered artifacts, rock art, and skeletal remains.
01:24The art and animal bones show that the people who used the tunnels were probably sheep and goat herders.
01:30They're still piecing together whether these groups lived in the tunnels for extended periods or just used them as temporary shelters.
01:38The Great Pyramid of Giza has been standing for thousands of years, but it's still hiding secrets.
01:47Using special scanning technology, scientists found two hidden structures under an ancient burial ground.
01:53The first is a shallow L-shaped structure, and below it is a much larger space that could be a final resting place or a chamber.
02:02The smaller structure was filled with sand on purpose, while the deeper one might be an empty chamber.
02:09Experts believe the two are connected, possibly as an entrance leading to a secret chamber.
02:16This is big news because it might give us some more insight into who built the pyramids and why.
02:22The world is full of ancient writing, but some messages refuse to give up their secrets, like the mystery of the Bash-Plemy tablet.
02:34This unusual stone, pulled from a lake in Georgia, is covered in symbols no one can read.
02:40Even with modern technology, experts are completely stumped.
02:44The tablet is about the size of a book, with 60 symbols carefully carved into its surface, but 39 of them don't match any known language.
02:54Some resemble scripts from ancient civilizations in the Middle East, India, and Egypt, but none are an exact match.
03:03To make things even trickier, part of the tablet is broken off, meaning a piece of the puzzle is missing forever.
03:09To rule out a hoax, scientists studied the tablet closely.
03:15They confirmed it's made of vesicular basalt, an extremely tough local rock.
03:21Whoever carved these symbols must have been really skilled.
03:25Based on similar archaeological finds, experts believe the tablet could date back thousands of years,
03:31possibly to the late Bronze or early Iron Age.
03:35Some symbols repeat, which could mean their numbers.
03:38Maybe it's an inventory list, a record of battles, or even an offering to the deities.
03:44Until someone cracks the code, the Bash-Plemy tablet remains an unsolved mystery from the depths of history.
03:53Experts are still stumped with what this Minoan disk might mean.
03:59The Phaistos disk is one of the most mysterious finds from the Minoan civilization.
04:03This 6-inch clay object, discovered in 1908, has strange spiral markings that no one has fully decoded yet.
04:13The disk has 241 symbols on both sides, showing everything from people and animals to tools and plants.
04:21Experts have come up with many theories about what the symbols mean.
04:24Some think it's an early form of Greek.
04:27Others suggest it's a prayer or a hymn.
04:31And some even believe it could be a letter from a king in Anatolia to a Greek ruler.
04:36Let's see who will be the first to figure this out.
04:39It's always a fun day at an archaeologist's office when they find something as big as a 2,000-year-old marble head.
04:49A French archaeologist's mission went digging inside an old medieval house near Alexandria in Egypt
04:55and found a statue's head depicting an old, possibly ill, man.
04:59This statue dates from the last Egyptian dynasty, before it became part of the Roman Empire.
05:06And the site where it was found is associated with the likes of Cleopatra and Mark Anthony.
05:12For archaeologists, even the smallest finds at this site means a lot.
05:19You've heard of Lucy, right?
05:21The Australopithecus that was an early ancestor for us humans.
05:25Well, scientists found some of her species' footprints somewhere in Tanzania.
05:31The so-called Laetoli footprints are over 3 million years old.
05:36The trail stretched 88 feet and has about 70 footprints,
05:41left behind when a bunch of early humans walked across some wet volcanic ash.
05:46What's cool is that these early humans were already walking on 2 feet, like us,
05:51not all hunched over like apes.
05:53The close spacing of the prints shows they probably had short legs
05:58and a shorter stride than we do today.
06:04In an ancient Egyptian temple, archaeologists uncovered a shrine unlike any other,
06:10a place dedicated to falcons and two mysterious deities.
06:14One deity had a falcon's head,
06:16while the other wore a crown with a sun disc and cow horns.
06:20But the most baffling discovery was an inscription that read,
06:24It is improper to boil a head in here.
06:28At the heart of the shrine,
06:29there are 15 headless falcons carefully arranged on a pedestal,
06:33likely as offerings to the falcon-headed deity.
06:37One theory suggests the birds were boiled first,
06:41perhaps to pluck their feathers,
06:42before being placed in the shrine,
06:45following the strange rule carved into stone.
06:47Archaeologists also found a 13-inch iron harpoon nearby.
06:53Its true purpose remains unknown,
06:55although the shrine also held remains of fish, mammals, and bird eggs,
07:01suggesting that their rituals may have included feasting.
07:04And speaking of ancient Egypt,
07:09meet Hathor.
07:10Scientists named her after the ancient Egyptian deity of motherhood, music, and singing.
07:17This wooden statue, housed at the Metropolitan Museum of Art,
07:20was thought to be just a beautiful artifact,
07:23until a surprising secret was uncovered.
07:26Using an X-ray machine,
07:28experts found a mechanical operating system inside it,
07:31with pulleys and axles connecting her shoulder to her left leg.
07:37When activated,
07:38the system made her hand raise and lower,
07:41an engineering marvel from over 3,000 years ago.
07:44The statue was created during Egypt's Middle Kingdom,
07:47around 1800 BCE,
07:50and is often compared to 19th-century automata,
07:54due to its advanced design.
07:55It's believed the statue was used in religious ceremonies,
07:59symbolizing Hathor's role in dance and music.
08:05An unexpected discovery happened in northern Kuwait,
08:08where a Kuwaiti-Polish team uncovered a mysterious 7,500-year-old statue.
08:15The statue features an elongated skull,
08:17no mouth,
08:18narrow eyes,
08:19and a flattened nose.
08:21This feature is thought to be an Ophidian figurine,
08:23named after the Greek word for snake,
08:26and it was likely made by the Ubaid culture,
08:29a civilization known for their pottery skills.
08:33While no one knows exactly what role this weird statue played,
08:37it might have been linked to rituals or symbolic practices.
08:40Some scientists think these figurines,
08:43found in homes or final resting places,
08:45were tied to important cultural beliefs.
08:47We couldn't mention unresolved mysteries of this world
08:53without speaking about these elongated skulls.
08:57In the deserts of Peru,
08:58researchers uncovered five ancient skeletons,
09:01two with unnaturally elongated skulls.
09:04While head-shaping was common in many cultures,
09:08these skulls defy explanation.
09:10Local legends tell tales of the so-called Gentiles,
09:15a mysterious race banished underground by the powerful deities.
09:20Some say this is what the skulls represent.
09:23Others think this is some type of genetic anomaly,
09:26which was confirmed after finding an infant skull,
09:29too large to be artificially shaped.
09:32There are mysterious plasma bubbles floating around the pyramids of Giza.
09:41As bizarre as that might sound,
09:43let's get one thing clear right off the bat.
09:46There's nothing extraterrestrial going on here.
09:50Plasma bubbles are those weather anomalies
09:52that form in a layer of Earth's atmosphere,
09:55called the ionosphere.
09:56This is an invisible layer surrounding our planet
09:59that stretches roughly from 50 to 400 miles above Earth's surface,
10:04right at the edge of space.
10:06In this layer,
10:07the sun, being the giant hot power that it is,
10:10basically cooks gases,
10:12splitting them into electrically charged particles,
10:14called plasma.
10:16Here's where it gets interesting.
10:18At night, especially near the equator,
10:21these charged particles get disturbed,
10:23and when a bunch of them suddenly vanish at the same time,
10:26it forms what we call a plasma bubble.
10:29Imagine it like a big empty pocket
10:32where the plasma is missing or its quantity is lowered.
10:35But it's only considered a plasma bubble
10:37if this phenomenon occurs on a large scale,
10:40typically around 62 miles in size.
10:44If you're already packing your suitcase for Egypt
10:46and have put binoculars to look at the tips of the pyramids,
10:49I'm sorry to say that we can't see these plasma bubbles
10:52with the unaided eye.
10:54It's all happening way above our heads,
10:56completely invisible to us.
10:58Scientists need to use special equipment,
11:01like the Latitude Long Range Ionosphere Radar,
11:04or LARID,
11:05to detect these bubbles.
11:07This advanced technology helps researchers track
11:10and observe the movement and formation
11:12of plasma bubbles in real time.
11:14This formation, by the way, can be triggered by solar storms.
11:20That brings us to November 2023,
11:22when an impressive solar storm occurred.
11:25On a scale from 1 to 5,
11:26this one was classified as a G3,
11:29which is considered a strong event.
11:32Solar storms occur when sunspots are basically cooler,
11:36darker areas on the sun's surface,
11:38release bursts of energy into space.
11:40These flares triggered several geomagnetic storms on Earth.
11:44While this might sound like doomsday stuff,
11:47it didn't disrupt our daily lives too much.
11:50In fact, it was great news for sky watchers,
11:52since the solar storm created stunning auroras,
11:55with the northern lights visible as far south as Greece and Turkey.
11:59But this particular storm in 2023
12:02also had another interesting consequence.
12:06It caused the largest plasma bubble
12:07ever recorded by the Chinese radar.
12:11This phenomenon was so massive
12:13that it covered regions as far apart
12:15as the Egyptian pyramids
12:16and the Midway Islands in the Pacific Ocean.
12:20Now that's a huge distance,
12:22and it is a big deal for science.
12:24And that's because plasma bubbles
12:26are a growing threat to modern technology.
12:29Experts say they can disrupt satellite communications
12:32and GPS systems.
12:34So, if you're using Google Maps or Waze
12:36and suddenly it can't figure out where you are,
12:39a plasma bubble might be to blame.
12:43Great.
12:44We now know what's going on with those bubbles,
12:47detected above the pyramids of Giza.
12:49But things get even weirder
12:51inside this ancient construction.
12:54Apparently, the Great Pyramid of Giza
12:55has the ability to concentrate electromagnetic energy
12:59within its interior.
13:01A couple of years ago,
13:02a group of researchers decided
13:04to see what would happen
13:05if they took this ancient architecture
13:07and hit it with radio waves.
13:09I mean, waves that are similar
13:10to the kind your phone uses,
13:12but on a much larger scale,
13:14up to 1,900 feet long.
13:17But since they couldn't just start
13:19blasting radio waves
13:21at the actual pyramid,
13:22they did the next best thing.
13:24Computer modeling.
13:26Using these simulations,
13:28the researchers discovered
13:29something incredible.
13:31The Great Pyramid can actually concentrate
13:33electromagnetic energy
13:34within its internal chambers,
13:36as well as underneath its base,
13:38where an unfinished chamber is located.
13:40By concentrate,
13:43I mean something like trap it.
13:46For example,
13:47when you shout into a cave,
13:48you hear your voice echo back, right?
13:51The sound waves don't just disappear,
13:53they bounce around and get focused.
13:56Similarly,
13:57when radio waves hit the pyramid,
13:59they don't just pass through or around it.
14:01Instead, they get absorbed,
14:03bounce around,
14:04and focus inside and underneath the pyramid.
14:07Our list of mysterious phenomena
14:10surrounding the Egyptian pyramids
14:12doesn't end there.
14:14Inside the pyramid,
14:15there's a long, narrow passage
14:17that leads to what's known
14:18as the King's Chamber.
14:20This room sits at the center of the pyramid,
14:22and it's believed to have been
14:23the final resting place of Pharaoh Khufu,
14:26the ancient Egyptian leader
14:28who commissioned the entire thing
14:30over 4,000 years ago.
14:32When visitors step into the King's Chamber,
14:35two things normally strike them.
14:37The room's incredible acoustics
14:39and its heavy, imposing structure,
14:42which is entirely lined with red granite.
14:46Recently,
14:47scientists have started to connect these two facts.
14:49Some researchers now believe
14:51that the King's Chamber
14:52might be able to catch
14:53or pick up sound energy
14:55generated from other parts of the pyramid.
14:58In other words,
14:59this room might have been designed
15:00to amplify sound in a way
15:02that no other chamber in the pyramid can.
15:06To test this theory,
15:07researchers conducted an experiment
15:09where they sang in the Queen's Chamber,
15:12which is located directly below the King's Chamber.
15:15Here's where it gets wild.
15:17The music couldn't be heard
15:18in the lower underground rooms of the pyramid,
15:20but it sounded loud and clear
15:22in the King's Chamber.
15:23One possible explanation for this
15:27is the type of stone used in the King's Chamber,
15:30pink granite.
15:31Granite is known for its piezoelectric properties,
15:35meaning it can absorb energy from its surroundings,
15:37like sound vibrations,
15:39and convert it into electrical energy.
15:42This suggests that the chamber's unique acoustics
15:45might be due to more than just the shape of the room.
15:48It could be that the granite itself
15:51plays a role in amplifying and concentrating sound waves.
15:56According to scientists,
15:58these discoveries open up a whole new field of research
16:01into the pyramid's potential.
16:04Could the ancient pyramids
16:05have somehow harnessed the energy created by sound waves
16:08or even Earth's natural vibrations?
16:11It might sound far-fetched,
16:13but considering the granite's piezoelectric properties
16:16are well-documented in modern science,
16:19it's not entirely impossible.
16:21Who knows?
16:22Maybe we've only just scratched the surface
16:25of what the pyramids were truly capable of.
16:28Speaking of just scratching the surface,
16:31there's even more to think about,
16:32like how the pyramids ended up
16:34in such a perfect location.
16:37It seems the builders lined up the Great Pyramid
16:39with the cardinal points,
16:40meaning its sides are almost perfectly aligned
16:43with the four main directions,
16:44north, south, east, and west.
16:48There are many theories about how they did it,
16:52but one study suggests
16:53that Egyptians might have used the fall equinox
16:55to achieve this perfect alignment.
16:58During the equinox,
17:00the sun rises and sets directly in the east and west.
17:04It probably made it easier for builders
17:06to use the sun's position as a guide.
17:09By watching the sun during this time,
17:11they could make sure the pyramids
17:12were positioned just right.
17:15If we think about all these strange things
17:17about the pyramids,
17:19I mean, their perfect alignment,
17:21the ability to concentrate radio waves,
17:23and the materials used in the chambers
17:25that might generate electrical energy,
17:27could the real purpose of the pyramids
17:30actually be much more complex
17:32than just being tombs?
17:34Well, Nikola Tesla thought so.
17:37It is said that the famous inventor and engineer
17:40was kind of obsessed with the Egyptian pyramids,
17:42and he wondered if they might actually be
17:44giant energy transmitters.
17:47He believed the shape and position of the pyramids
17:50could help them function as huge generators,
17:53capable of producing free, limitless energy.
17:55Some researchers agree with Tesla
17:59and believe that these massive monuments
18:01might have been designed as giant power plants.
18:05According to their theory,
18:06builders could have figured out how to move ions,
18:09those electrically charged particles,
18:11in the atmosphere
18:11by placing materials like copper,
18:14gold, and silver around the pyramids.
18:17So, it's definitely possible
18:18that the ancient Egyptians created
18:20a sustainable, renewable power source.
18:23Although, this is a very interesting thought,
18:27we haven't been able to confirm this theory,
18:29and the true purpose of the pyramids
18:30remain one of humanity's biggest mysteries.
18:36You have heard about Nikola Tesla.
18:39You have definitely heard about
18:41the Great Pyramids in Egypt.
18:43But what if I told you that Tesla
18:44may have probably uncovered
18:46the ancient mysteries surrounding the pyramids?
18:49Wait, what?
18:50Is this a crossover episode?
18:52Nope.
18:53It's highly probable
18:59that the secrets of the pyramids
19:00are hidden in plain sight.
19:03But first, let's recap
19:05what we know about the pyramids.
19:06What's so mysterious about them?
19:09I mean, they are just old,
19:10quirky buildings, aren't they?
19:13One of the biggest questions
19:14is how they were built.
19:16Some people think that the pyramids
19:18were created by people
19:19using only their hands and muscles.
19:21But others think that there might have been
19:23some kind of crazy energy source
19:25that we don't know about yet.
19:26Like, what if aliens helped out or something?
19:31Just kidding.
19:32But this idea of some unknown energy source
19:35being used to build the pyramids
19:36has been around for ages.
19:37Even in old texts,
19:38even in old texts like the pyramid texts,
19:40it talks about how
19:41the gods gave us something to build a great power.
19:44So maybe there was something really powerful
19:47and mysterious going on back then?
19:48Who knows?
19:50Back in the early 1900s,
19:52he got obsessed with the great pyramids of Egypt.
19:55He read numerous books about these ancient structures
19:58and was blown away by how much energy they seemed to have.
20:01At that time,
20:02not many people knew much about electricity.
20:05And Tesla started to wonder
20:06if there was some kind of advanced tech
20:08hidden in the pyramids.
20:09He had an idea that the power of the pyramids
20:12had to do with electromagnetism
20:14and he put a lot of time and effort
20:16into trying to figure out the mystery.
20:18Tesla had some pretty unusual theories
20:20about the great pyramids.
20:22He thought that they could actually store
20:24and move electricity,
20:25which could then be used to power up
20:27the areas around them.
20:29He also had this theory that the pyramids
20:31were built using some kind of crystal energy.
20:34He believed that the chambers inside the pyramids
20:36could have these super powerful crystals
20:38that could control the electromagnetic fields.
20:45But that's not all.
20:47Tesla also had this idea
20:48that the materials used to make the pyramids
20:50had properties that allowed them
20:51to trap energy from the sun and the moon.
20:54And not just a little bit of energy.
20:56He thought that the pyramid
20:57could actually create this massive energy field
21:00that could light up whole cities
21:02or even brighten up dark places.
21:04He thought that the pyramids could be used
21:06as giant power plants
21:07to generate electricity and run machines.
21:10Tesla even believed that the pyramids
21:12were somehow linked to cosmic energy,
21:15which could be used for spiritual enlightenment
21:17and healing.
21:18How very new age of him.
21:21Anyway,
21:22Tesla wasn't just pulling these ideas
21:24out of thin air.
21:26He was seriously into studying
21:28everything he could about the pyramids,
21:30from ancient artifacts and texts
21:32to hieroglyphs and drawings.
21:37And he came up with this idea
21:39that the pyramids
21:40were designed to be energy amplifiers
21:42and some kind of unknown energy source
21:45was used during their construction.
21:47Some people thought Tesla was eccentric
21:48for coming up with these theories.
21:51But his ideas have actually had a huge impact
21:53on the way we think about the pyramids today.
21:56Researchers and scholars
21:57have been digging into his theories for years
22:00and using them to uncover
22:01some of the biggest mysteries
22:03surrounding these ancient structures.
22:07For example,
22:09recently scientists have used
22:10theoretical physics
22:11to investigate how the Great Pyramid of Egypt
22:13would react to certain radio waves.
22:15They found out
22:16that if the radio waves
22:17were a certain length,
22:19the pyramid could concentrate the energy
22:20inside its rooms
22:21and focus it under its base.
22:23The scientists did lots of calculations
22:25to figure this out.
22:27They first thought about
22:29what radio wavelengths would work best.
22:31Then they made a model
22:32of how the pyramid
22:33would react to the waves.
22:35They figured out
22:36how much of the energy
22:37from the waves
22:37would get absorbed or spread out.
22:40Lastly,
22:41they checked how the energy
22:42would move around inside the pyramid
22:44when the waves hit it.
22:46To help explain all of this,
22:48the scientists used something
22:49called multipole analysis.
22:51This is when you take
22:52a complicated object
22:53and break it down into simpler parts.
22:55Then you can see
22:56how each part interacts
22:58with the energy that's coming in.
22:59It's like taking apart a puzzle
23:01to see how each piece fits together.
23:04The researchers are interested
23:06in how all of this
23:07can be used in the future.
23:08They want to make
23:09really tiny particles
23:10that can do the same thing
23:11as the pyramid,
23:12but with light.
23:14By changing the size,
23:15shape,
23:16and the material
23:16of these particles,
23:18they can control
23:19how the light moves around them.
23:20This can be really useful
23:22for things like
23:23making tiny sensors
23:24or super-efficient solar cells.
23:28The scientists had to make
23:29some guesses
23:30when they were doing
23:30their research.
23:31They assumed
23:32that there weren't
23:33any hidden spaces
23:34inside the pyramid
23:34and that the material
23:36used to build it
23:37was all the same.
23:39But even with these guesses,
23:41they still made
23:41some pretty impressive discoveries.
23:43But the pyramid study
23:44is not the only proof
23:46that Tesla was ahead
23:46of his time.
23:48There are more Tesla's projects
23:49that seemed unrealistic
23:50at the time,
23:51but that scientists
23:52and enthusiasts
23:53re-evaluate
23:54and try to implement today.
23:56Let's talk about
23:57Tesla's most ambitious project,
23:59the Wardenclyffe
24:00Transmission Tower.
24:04Back in 1900,
24:06Tesla was already
24:06a big shot
24:07when it came to
24:08electrical engineering
24:09in America.
24:10People were blown away
24:11by his amazing inventions
24:12and the fact that
24:13he managed to outdo
24:14Thomas Edison
24:15in the Battle of Currents.
24:17However,
24:17Tesla wasn't content
24:18to rest on his laurels.
24:20He decided to embark
24:21on his most ambitious project yet,
24:23the Transmission Tower
24:24at Wardenclyffe.
24:25It was built between
24:261901 and 1905,
24:28and it was based
24:29on one of Tesla's
24:30breakthrough ideas.
24:31He had a vision
24:32to make the impossible possible
24:33by creating a global
24:35wireless communication system.
24:37It would use Earth itself
24:38as a conductor,
24:40transmitting music,
24:41news,
24:42stock market reports,
24:44secured military communications,
24:45and even facsimile images.
24:47Does it sound familiar?
24:49Right,
24:49it sounds just like
24:50the internet
24:51that we use today,
24:52only without the use
24:53of any wires.
24:55But Tesla had a much
24:56bigger dream in mind,
24:58to transmit power
24:59wirelessly.
25:00He already proved
25:01that high-frequency signals
25:02could be sent
25:03without any wires
25:04using his Tesla
25:05coil transformers,
25:06and this sparked his obsession
25:07with wireless energy transmission.
25:10His vision was
25:10to not only transform
25:11the way we communicate,
25:13but also to find a way
25:14to transfer power currents globally
25:16by tapping into
25:17the Earth's natural energy.
25:19Tesla believed
25:19that there was an abundance
25:20of free energy
25:21all around us
25:22that could be used
25:23for humanity's benefit.
25:26In 1899,
25:28he conducted
25:28some top-secret experiments
25:30and got convinced
25:31that it was possible
25:32to transmit electrical power
25:33through the Earth's
25:34upper atmosphere.
25:35This is actually
25:36how the Wardenclyffe Tower
25:37was created.
25:38It was supposed
25:39to be the prototype station
25:40for a network of towers
25:41all over the globe
25:42that would provide
25:43the whole world
25:44with wireless energy.
25:45Unfortunately,
25:46Tesla didn't have
25:47the resources
25:48or the patience
25:48of his investors
25:49to bring this project
25:50to fruition.
25:52It ran into all sorts
25:53of financial problems
25:54and roadblocks,
25:55and in 1917,
25:56the unfinished tower
25:57was finally torn down
25:59for scrap metal
25:59to pay off
26:00Tesla's mounting debts.
26:02Now it remains
26:02a sad reminder
26:03that even the greatest minds
26:04can sometimes fall short
26:06of their dreams.
26:07The original
26:07Red Brick Laboratory,
26:09however,
26:09is still there,
26:10and it is the only
26:11Tesla lab
26:11that has survived.
26:13Fun fact,
26:14in 2017,
26:15a film crew
26:16made a crazy discovery.
26:17They used
26:18ground-penetrating radar
26:19to explore the area
26:20around Wardenclyffe,
26:21and they found
26:22a whole series of tunnels
26:23stretching for hundreds
26:24of feet
26:25underneath the site.
26:26Nobody knows
26:27exactly what
26:27these tunnels
26:28were used for,
26:29but people have been
26:30speculating for years
26:31that they were part
26:32of Tesla's grand plan.
26:34Wardenclyffe,
26:34of course,
26:35is a major landmark
26:36for Tesla enthusiasts
26:37from all over the world.
26:38Who knows,
26:39maybe someone will
26:40finally crack the mystery
26:41of the tunnels one day,
26:43but even if they don't,
26:44the legacy of Tesla
26:45and his amazing ideas
26:46lives on.
26:50Seiken Cosine Tangent Sign
26:523.14150
26:54Yeah,
26:55that was the cheer
26:56we heard coming
26:57from the trigonometry club
26:59back in the day.
27:00For the rest of us
27:01in math class,
27:02terms such as
27:04sine,
27:04tangent,
27:05and pi
27:05were just bewildering.
27:07Who invented these,
27:08and why?
27:09Was their only purpose
27:11to make it harder
27:11for students?
27:13Well,
27:13not quite.
27:14Trigonometry
27:15was invented
27:16by the ancient Egyptians.
27:18They needed this knowledge
27:19to construct pyramids,
27:20and they did
27:21a pretty good job, too.
27:22The Great Pyramid
27:24in Giza
27:24still stands today,
27:26some 4,500 years
27:28after it was built.
27:29No recalls, either.
27:31So,
27:31let's get out
27:32of that classroom,
27:33and on a journey
27:34through time
27:34to reveal the secrets
27:36behind the ancient
27:37Egyptians' precision.
27:39Here you are,
27:40standing on the Great Pyramid's
27:41construction site,
27:42some nine miles
27:43from Cairo.
27:45Well,
27:45the city still isn't there,
27:46as you're surrounded
27:47only by the desert
27:48and teams
27:49of construction workers.
27:51They're transporting
27:52large stone blocks
27:53weighing two and a half
27:54tons each.
27:56They're inside
27:56a wooden sled
27:57that sits on large rollers.
27:59A crew of eight men
28:01rolls these blocks
28:02along the ground.
28:03You immediately think
28:05of the rollers
28:05on a supermarket
28:06cash register.
28:07The principle
28:08is exactly the same,
28:09but the scale
28:10is greater,
28:11much greater.
28:12Scientists estimate
28:13that the Egyptians
28:14used 2.3 million
28:16such blocks
28:17in the Great Pyramid alone.
28:19And the block
28:20in front of you
28:21is one of the lighter ones.
28:22The heaviest of them
28:23weighed up to 15 tons.
28:26But where did
28:27all these blocks
28:28come from?
28:29Most of them
28:29originated from
28:30quarries around Giza.
28:32It's not that impressive,
28:33you think.
28:34But wait until you hear
28:36how ancient engineers
28:37transported the granite
28:39used in construction
28:40over 500 miles
28:42to the pyramid.
28:43There were no railways
28:45or highways back then,
28:46but the mighty Nile
28:48was always there.
28:49Researchers even believed
28:51that the Egyptians
28:52dug a canal
28:53to connect the Nile
28:54directly to the
28:55pyramid's construction site.
28:57All they had to do then
28:58was to wait
28:59for the flood season
29:00to begin,
29:01and voila!
29:02The rising water levels
29:03floated the heavy
29:05stone blocks for them.
29:06But how did they
29:07lift the enormous stones
29:09on dry land
29:10to stack them up
29:11to the top?
29:12Did they use
29:12oversized cranes?
29:14Well, ancient Egyptians
29:15worked around this problem,
29:17literally speaking.
29:18One of the workers
29:19is now pointing
29:20to the giant ramp
29:21going around the pyramid
29:23they're building.
29:24This is how a mountain road
29:26zigzags its way to the top.
29:28If the ramp went directly
29:29to the top of the pyramid,
29:31then workers couldn't pull
29:32the stone blocks along it.
29:34It would be too steep.
29:35Scientists have calculated
29:37that 8% could be
29:39the maximum incline.
29:40So, ancient Egyptians
29:42just extended the ramp
29:43around the pyramid.
29:45Again, these are all theories,
29:47as the ramp could have been
29:48inside the pyramid,
29:49as some researchers suggest.
29:52The exact building method
29:53is still a mystery,
29:54guarded by the Sphinx.
29:56That's its real name, right?
29:57Wrong.
29:59As the Great Sphinx
30:00is just the statue's alias.
30:02You know,
30:03the name writers take
30:04when they want to hide
30:05their true identity.
30:06Or a singer's stage name.
30:08The Sphinx's real name,
30:10translated from Egyptian,
30:11means Horus in the horizon.
30:14That was the name
30:15for the Egyptian deity
30:16of the sky.
30:17The trail of mystery
30:18doesn't end there.
30:19As a man walks past you
30:21with a bucket of paint,
30:22he's going to add
30:23a touch of color
30:24to the Great Sphinx.
30:26Researchers found specks
30:27of this red color
30:28next to its ear.
30:29That was some strong paint,
30:31as it survived
30:32for thousands of years.
30:34You are now standing
30:35straight in front of the Sphinx.
30:36You look up.
30:38It's very tall, right?
30:4066 feet, to be precise.
30:42Now, resist the urge
30:43to take a selfie.
30:44You can do it!
30:46Now, you notice something else.
30:48It looks like the Sphinx
30:49is in the center
30:50of a giant triangle
30:51in the back.
30:52That's one side
30:53of the Great Pyramid.
30:54And no,
30:55your eyes are not
30:56playing tricks on you.
30:57The Sphinx really does
30:59sit in the center
31:00of the pyramid's lateral face.
31:02Here's where math
31:03comes in handy.
31:04A pyramid has four sides,
31:06called lateral faces.
31:08There's also a fifth face,
31:10the base.
31:11But that's not visible.
31:12It's, wait for it,
31:14face down.
31:16The Sphinx has one last mystery
31:18to reveal.
31:19It's age.
31:20Scientists agree
31:21that Pharaoh Khafer
31:22built the Sphinx.
31:23He ruled after his father,
31:25who had built
31:26a great pyramid nearby.
31:28So, both structures
31:29were finished
31:30around the same time.
31:32Let's talk about numbers again.
31:33You've heard of Cleopatra,
31:35the Egyptian princess
31:36described as a woman
31:37of great beauty.
31:38She saw the pyramids,
31:40but she lived closer
31:41to the time
31:42of the first iPhone
31:43than the time
31:44of the people
31:45who built the pyramids.
31:47Fascinating, right?
31:48You can see thousands
31:49of people around you.
31:51They're working hard
31:52to build the Pharaoh's tomb.
31:54But how many of them
31:55are there exactly?
31:56One Greek philosopher
31:57estimated there were
31:59as many as
31:59100,000 workers.
32:01Seems like an okay number
32:03for such an enormous structure.
32:05But it can't be true.
32:07Science simply
32:07can't back up this number.
32:10Egyptologists put
32:11the total number
32:11of workers
32:12at 30,000.
32:14And yes,
32:15Indiana Jones
32:15was one of them,
32:17at least on the big screen.
32:18But he showed up late.
32:20Egyptologists know
32:21a lot about the pyramids,
32:23but not everything.
32:24Not because
32:25they don't want to,
32:26but because
32:27they haven't yet
32:28dug up enough evidence.
32:30They can only guess
32:31how the building process went.
32:33First,
32:34engineers would arrive
32:35to choose the right spot
32:36and do the necessary measurements.
32:39That's why they needed
32:40all that complicated math.
32:42Then,
32:42it's time for sourcing
32:44the material,
32:45the large stone blocks
32:46I mentioned earlier.
32:47When boats deliver them
32:49to the side
32:49of the future pyramid,
32:51workers can finally
32:52do their thing.
32:53They operated
32:54in smaller groups,
32:55but there were
32:56at least 2,000 of them
32:58chiseling and carving away
32:59at any given time.
33:01Sounds like a typical
33:02construction site today.
33:04Well,
33:04that's because it is,
33:05just thousands of years ago.
33:07It's amazing
33:08what ancient Egyptians
33:09were able to achieve
33:10with just copper
33:12and stone tools.
33:13The pyramid is now
33:15complete in front of you.
33:16But is it the same pyramid
33:18we see today?
33:19Why is this structure
33:20shining bright
33:21in the desert sun?
33:23Isn't it supposed
33:23to be a dusty yellow color?
33:26Well,
33:26no.
33:27Human activity
33:28and the elements
33:29have completely stripped
33:30the outer layer
33:31of stones over time.
33:33Expert craftspeople
33:34polished these blocks
33:35using nothing but stone
33:37and sand.
33:38The end result
33:39was a smooth
33:39and shiny rock.
33:41On the day
33:41it was completed,
33:42the Great Pyramid of Giza
33:44was a perfect triangle
33:45of light.
33:46Its polished sides
33:48acted like giant mirrors,
33:49reflecting the powerful
33:50Egyptian sun.
33:52This is the point
33:52where you should
33:53put your glasses on.
33:54And that shiny thing
33:56you see at the pyramid's
33:57very top is actually gold.
33:59The capstone
34:00at the top of the pyramid
34:01is called a pyramidion.
34:03It was covered
34:04in sheets of gold.
34:06As you can guess,
34:07these were the first
34:08stones to disappear.
34:10Let's make another stop
34:11before we get you
34:12back to your classroom.
34:13We travel to the British Isles
34:15and know Stonehenge
34:17isn't our destination.
34:18It is Newgrange
34:19in County Meath.
34:21Scientists estimate
34:22that the ancient peoples
34:23of Ireland
34:24built this stone monument
34:25around the year
34:263200 BCE.
34:29This makes it older
34:30than both Stonehenge
34:31and the Great Pyramid
34:32in Giza.
34:33The function of the
34:34circular mound
34:35in Newgrange
34:36is the same
34:37as the one
34:38of the Great Pyramid
34:39and equally mysterious.
34:41The estimated amount
34:42of loose stone
34:43present in the valley
34:44is over 220,000 tons.
34:48And it's not just
34:49randomly thrown on a pile.
34:51The order in which
34:52the stones are set
34:53makes the structure
34:54water-resistant.
34:56That would explain
34:57how Newgrange
34:58had survived for so long.
35:00Kinda makes you want
35:00to splash out the cash
35:02for that waterproof
35:02phone case, huh?
35:04Well, you're back
35:05in your school desk,
35:06but today's math lecture
35:08is the last thing
35:09on your mind.
35:10You're thinking about
35:11how great the Egyptian
35:12pyramids are,
35:13and if we have
35:14something similar today.
35:16It turns out
35:17modern engineers
35:18are just as impressed
35:19with a great pyramid
35:20as you are.
35:21There's a glass pyramid
35:22sitting in the main courtyard
35:24of the famous
35:25Louvre Museum in Paris.
35:27The panorama
35:28of San Francisco
35:29wouldn't be complete
35:30without the 48-story
35:32Transamerica Pyramid.
35:34But Las Vegas
35:35went the furthest.
35:36There we find
35:37the Luxor Hotel.
35:39It's so big
35:40that it's the third-largest
35:41pyramid on the planet.
35:43And guess what's
35:44in front of it?
35:45Yup, a replica
35:46of the Sphinx.
35:47It's 110 feet tall,
35:49two stories higher
35:50than the one in Giza.
35:52Yeah, everything's
35:53bigger in Vegas.
35:55Imagine working
35:56seven days a week
35:57on a large-scale
35:58construction site.
36:00You, along with
36:01thousands of others,
36:02carry millions
36:03of stone blocks
36:04and put them
36:05on top of each other
36:06according to a complex system.
36:08You work without
36:09modern construction equipment.
36:12You have no air conditioning
36:13or constant access
36:14to water.
36:15It's so hot outside
36:17that you can fry
36:18eggs on the road.
36:19You've been building
36:20the pyramid
36:21for decades.
36:22And now,
36:23when it's finally done,
36:24you enjoy the result
36:26of the colossal work
36:27of thousands of people.
36:30You're looking at
36:31a giant cultural monument
36:33of global value
36:34that will freeze in time
36:35and amaze people
36:36for tens of thousands
36:37of years.
36:40A few thousand years
36:42have passed.
36:43People in the 21st century
36:44see the pyramids
36:45and are like,
36:46wow,
36:47I can't believe
36:48humans have built this.
36:49Yeah,
36:50the people who built
36:51the pyramids
36:51wouldn't have appreciated
36:53such a theory.
36:55But actually,
36:56there are reasons
36:57to believe
36:58that people built it
36:59using some fantastic technology.
37:02From the outside,
37:03it seems the great pyramids
37:04are just big triangles
37:05of stone.
37:07People just put
37:07some heavy blocks
37:08on top of each other
37:09and that's it.
37:10In fact,
37:13the design
37:14seems too perfect
37:15to be true.
37:16The pyramid
37:17consists of more
37:17than two million blocks.
37:19They lay so close
37:20to each other
37:21and are so even
37:22that you couldn't squeeze
37:23even a thin sheet
37:24of paper between them.
37:26Scientists still
37:27can't figure out
37:28the exact technology
37:29for building
37:29the Egyptian pyramids.
37:32One of the biggest
37:34and most famous
37:34is the Great Pyramid
37:36of Giza.
37:37This huge construction,
37:39well known
37:39all over the world,
37:41has one big secret.
37:42There should be
37:43a capstone
37:44on top of the pyramid.
37:46It's a triangular
37:46shaped stone block,
37:48a small pyramid
37:49on top of a huge one.
37:51It's also called
37:52a Pyramidian.
37:55The builders
37:56of ancient Egypt
37:57made it out of
37:57granite and limestone
37:58and covered it
38:00with gold.
38:01No records
38:01or old drawings
38:02prove that there
38:03was a Pyramidian
38:05at the top
38:05of the Great Pyramid
38:06of Giza.
38:07But there's another
38:08ancient Egyptian
38:09structure
38:10with such a triangle,
38:11the Red Pyramid.
38:13It was built
38:13before the Great One
38:15and its capstone
38:16has survived
38:17to this day.
38:18Archaeologists
38:19have found
38:19and reconstructed it.
38:21But where could
38:22the capstone
38:22of the Great Pyramid be?
38:24It's a mystery
38:25that still has
38:26no answer.
38:28Some are sure
38:30that some thieves
38:31have stolen it
38:31from the top.
38:33Maybe they just
38:33climbed up
38:34and pushed
38:35the Pyramidian down.
38:36It makes
38:38perfect sense.
38:39The capstone
38:40was probably
38:41the most valuable
38:42element of the pyramid.
38:44Many scientists
38:44and archaeologists
38:46still don't know
38:47its exact purpose.
38:48Some believe
38:49that this peak
38:50covered with gold
38:51glorified the pharaohs.
38:53The capstone
38:54reflected moonlight
38:55at night
38:55and illuminated
38:56the entire space
38:58around it.
38:59During the day,
39:01the capstone
39:02reflected sunlight
39:03with its shiny surface.
39:04You could have noticed
39:06it from afar.
39:07The top of the pyramid
39:08was a kind of
39:09guiding star
39:10for lost travelers.
39:13All other stone blocks
39:14of the pyramid
39:15consist of limestone.
39:17People polished them
39:18to make them look shiny.
39:20In the past,
39:21they were even glowing
39:22and reflected light.
39:24You could see
39:25glowing pyramids
39:26from space,
39:27although they looked
39:28like tiny lights.
39:30Over thousands of years,
39:32winds,
39:33sandstorms,
39:33and rains
39:35have changed
39:35the pyramid's appearance.
39:37If people had taken care
39:38of them all this time,
39:40they would have looked
39:41like something
39:41out of science fiction movies
39:43or the pyramids
39:44from Las Vegas.
39:45But unfortunately,
39:47we will never see
39:48their original appearance.
39:51Some archaeologists
39:52and scientists
39:53believe that the capstone
39:55could absorb
39:56the sun's energy
39:56and distribute it
39:58evenly throughout
39:59the pyramid.
40:00No one knows
40:00precisely why
40:01the Egyptians
40:02needed this technology.
40:04There's a theory
40:05the pyramids
40:06are ancient energy systems.
40:08The pharaohs
40:08applied this energy
40:09to use some unique
40:11technologies
40:11that were more advanced
40:13than all the achievements
40:14of the 21st century.
40:16And the triangular shape
40:17of the pyramids
40:18was ideal
40:19for boosting
40:20this electromagnetic energy.
40:21In theory,
40:24solar radiation
40:25or electromagnetic forces
40:27accumulated
40:28at the top
40:29of the pyramid,
40:30filled the inner rooms,
40:31and then went
40:32down the walls
40:33to the base.
40:34Any surface distortion
40:35could prevent
40:36the flow
40:37from spreading.
40:38So they had to create
40:39a perfectly smooth surface.
40:41That's why
40:42they installed
40:42the blocks
40:43so that nobody
40:44could squeeze
40:44a needle
40:45or razor blade
40:46between them.
40:46Many people
40:49believe in this theory
40:50because they built
40:51the pyramids
40:52from limestone.
40:53This material
40:54can hold energy
40:55inside itself.
40:56In the inner part,
40:58they created
40:58granite deposits
40:59to cause air ionization.
41:01That is,
41:02to create
41:02an electric charge.
41:05They also dug
41:07channels under the pyramid
41:08for water
41:09to transmit electricity.
41:10And at the top,
41:12they put a gold capstone,
41:14the best conductor
41:14of electricity.
41:15So this is how
41:17you get
41:17a great power generator.
41:20Different cultures
41:20use similar technologies
41:22to create electricity
41:23all over the world.
41:25But these are all theories.
41:27If it had been working,
41:29humanity would have
41:30used these technologies today.
41:33There are mentions
41:35of the metal industry,
41:36chemistry,
41:37engineering,
41:38physics,
41:39mathematics,
41:39and astronomy
41:40in some ancient records.
41:42Most scientists
41:43don't believe
41:44in all these things.
41:46We know
41:47the detailed stages
41:48of the technology's
41:49development
41:49in different cultures.
41:51In the 21st century,
41:52scientists,
41:53historians,
41:54and anthropologists
41:55can track the evolution
41:57of all modern devices.
41:59If people had created
42:00some technological inventions
42:01in ancient times,
42:03the history of the world
42:04would have looked different.
42:07Perhaps,
42:07all the achievements
42:08of antiquity
42:09could have been wiped
42:10off the face of the earth
42:11by global cataclysms.
42:13And it can happen to us.
42:15Just imagine
42:16how people would
42:17dig up a laptop
42:17in 5,000 years.
42:19Perhaps they wouldn't
42:21understand
42:21what kind of device it is.
42:25Another Egyptian wonder
42:26surrounded by mystery
42:27is the statue
42:28of the Sphinx.
42:30The Egyptians carved it
42:31out of a single
42:32massive piece of limestone
42:34about 4,500 years ago.
42:36But scientists
42:37still don't know
42:38the exact date
42:39of its construction
42:40or who built it.
42:43People painted
42:44the Sphinx
42:45in different colors,
42:46so it looked much brighter
42:47and more vivid
42:48in the distant past.
42:50It was shining
42:50just like
42:51the Great Pyramids.
42:53Anyway,
42:53time hasn't only
42:54changed its appearance,
42:56but its name too.
42:58Initially,
42:58the Egyptians
42:59called it
43:00Horemeket.
43:01The Greeks
43:02renamed it
43:02the Sphinx
43:03about a few hundred years
43:04after it had been built.
43:07The Sphinx
43:08emphasized the greatness
43:09of the rulers of Egypt.
43:11It also performed
43:12a symbolic function
43:13of a watchdog
43:14guarding the tomb
43:15of the pharaoh
43:15and the paths
43:16leading to it.
43:18This version
43:18sounds realistic
43:19since archaeologists
43:21have discovered
43:21many secret entrances
43:22at the foot
43:23of the Sphinx.
43:25Perhaps these rooms
43:27and intricate tunnels
43:28lead to underground
43:29halls with treasures.
43:31And treasures
43:31don't always mean
43:33gold and jewelry.
43:34According to legends
43:35and theories,
43:36the Sphinx
43:37guards the Hall
43:38of Records,
43:39the storage
43:39of all humankind's
43:41knowledge.
43:42The information
43:42about the ancient
43:43mythical state
43:44of Atlantis
43:45could be there.
43:47You can find
43:48many detailed maps
43:49of the internal dungeons
43:50of the Sphinx
43:51on the internet.
43:52They show structures
43:53twelve stories deep
43:55under the statue.
43:56It looks like
43:56a small city
43:57filled with gold,
43:58scrolls of knowledge,
43:59and various ancient artifacts.
44:03But don't believe
44:04all these maps.
44:05These are just theories.
44:07Several thousand years
44:08have passed,
44:09but people have
44:09very little information
44:11about it.
44:12Archaeologists know
44:13that there are still
44:14many strange
44:14and exciting things
44:16about the Sphinx
44:16that are still
44:17undiscovered.
44:18Some locals
44:19are afraid to research
44:20because they believe
44:22they can awaken
44:23something terrible
44:24from the underground depths.
44:25Therefore,
44:26it's mostly scientists
44:27from other countries
44:28who conduct
44:29the excavations.
44:31In 1998,
44:34scientists discovered
44:35strange tunnels
44:36leading to empty rooms
44:37under the Sphinx.
44:39They realized
44:39that some people
44:40tried to get there
44:41through tunnels
44:42in the past.
44:43And maybe those people
44:45took all the treasures
44:46that were there.
44:47One of the legends
44:49says that some
44:50powerful artifact
44:51lays beneath the Sphinx.
44:53Its technology
44:54can change the whole world,
44:56but the locals
44:57are hiding it
44:57because it can damage
44:59the planet.
45:00Some believe
45:00that you can find
45:01evidence of unknown
45:02technologies painted
45:04on the granite walls
45:05in the pharaoh's tombs.
45:06But most likely,
45:08these paintings
45:09and signs tell us
45:10the myths and legends
45:11of ancient Egypt.
45:13But what if
45:14Egyptian symbols
45:15and drawings
45:16are detailed instructions
45:18for using
45:18ancient technologies?
45:20What if the locals
45:21that lived at that time
45:22thought,
45:23hmm,
45:24people in the future
45:25won't be able
45:25to get energy themselves?
45:27Let's leave
45:28some detailed
45:28instructions for them.
45:31Anyway,
45:32there are many
45:33riddles and theories.
45:35In reality,
45:36the search for answers
45:36is a dangerous
45:37undertaking
45:38since it's not easy
45:40to get into
45:40the underground halls.
45:42Excavations can ruin
45:43the structure
45:44of the entire Sphinx.
45:45Any person
45:46inside the tunnels
45:47may get lost
45:48and never be able
45:49to find their way back.
45:51Besides,
45:52it costs a lot of money.
45:53Now,
45:55what would be awesome
45:56is if people
45:57could invent
45:58some device
45:59that could scan
46:00underground areas
46:01and show
46:01their detailed models.
46:04That's it for today.
46:05So, hey,
46:05if you pacified
46:06your curiosity,
46:07then give the video
46:08a like
46:09and share it
46:09with your friends.
46:10Or,
46:10if you want more,
46:11just click on these videos
46:12and stay on the bright side.
46:14I'll see you next time.
46:15I'll see you next time.
46:15I'll see you next time.