The Artificial Intelligence Action Summit kicks off Monday in Paris. Deepfakes are videos modified and created by artificial intelligence, which first appeared in 2017. VIDEOGRAPHIC
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00:00Deepfakes are videos modified and created by artificial intelligence, which first appeared
00:13in 2017. The first method to create a deepfake involves a face swap, where the face of one
00:19person is put on the body of another. This method is relatively simple and can be done
00:24using applications that use short videos such as Snapchat, Reface or Facemagic. The
00:30second and more complex method involves a face reenactment. An actor in a studio uses
00:36an original video of a victim's face to mimic their gestures and movements, changing
00:41their posture or facial expression. The third method uses lip syncing. The lips' movements
00:51are manipulated to make a celebrity say something they never said, with a voice that mimics
00:55that of the victim, or that has been created by artificial intelligence. In all three methods,
01:04the gestures, facial expressions and sometimes the voice of the victim are studied by AI,
01:09which learns the images of the original video, second by second, and then overlays, reproduces
01:15and edits them with other images. The greater the volume of information entered into the
01:19program, the more realistic the deepfake will be. Cinema has used this technique to
01:26make actors seem younger. Deepfakes can also be used to carry out scams. The risk of political
01:31manipulation and disinformation is also significant, especially since the face swapping method
01:36can be carried out live.
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