Fibonacci’s math isn’t just for cool spirals in nature—it recently helped solve a moon mystery! Scientists were puzzled by the strange patterns of ridges on the lunar surface that seemed random at first glance. But when they applied Fibonacci’s sequence, the famous series of numbers that builds into spirals and ratios, it all clicked. The ridges followed a predictable pattern tied to the moon’s geological shifts and cooling over billions of years. This ancient math, discovered in the 1200s, ended up being the key to cracking a modern space puzzle. It’s pretty amazing how the same math that explains sunflowers and seashells can help us understand the moon’s secrets! Credit:
Moon's Poles: By NASA's Scientific Visualization Studio, https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/4574/
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Moon's Poles: By NASA's Scientific Visualization Studio, https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/4574/
Animation is created by Bright Side.
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FunTranscript
00:00Our moon exploration project started out in 1969.
00:04Sure, there have been some problems along the way,
00:07but astronomers are certain we'll get back up there pretty soon
00:10and with better knowledge and technology.
00:12However, there's an 800-year-old trick that might become
00:16way more useful than fancy GPS tech and powerful rockets.
00:20It's called the Fibonacci sphere.
00:24Some scientists at a Hungarian university stumbled upon this idea
00:28while studying the moon.
00:30They believe it might be useful to better understand how the moon spins
00:34and how it's a bit squished while it goes around Earth.
00:37You might believe that our planet and its satellite
00:40are these perfect little spheres floating in space.
00:43Well, that's not true.
00:45They are in fact like slightly deflated soccer balls
00:48because of all the gravity, rotating movements and tides.
00:52The GPS technology we use here on Earth is already adapted
00:56to these less-than-perfect ball proportions.
00:59Remember, our planet is a bit flattened at its poles.
01:03If we're going to make a map system for the moon,
01:05we need to do the same for its shape, called a solenoid,
01:09or what scientists call the moon's version of our Earth's shape.
01:12Since the moon is less compressed than our planet,
01:15scientists have been taking a shortcut until now.
01:18They've been looking at our satellite as a simple ball shape.
01:21However, with all these new projects coming up in the following decades
01:25and even some exciting trips we might end up having on the moon,
01:29we need to be more precise.
01:31Scientists now believe we should get the real data
01:34and start drawing an accurate picture of the moon.
01:37Here's where the Fibonacci sphere comes in handy.
01:40It's a clever solution that's been used by mathematicians
01:43to spread points out evenly on a ball.
01:46Scientists recently used it to map around 100,000 spots on the moon
01:50using data previously collected by NASA.
01:53And what they found was crucial for our understanding of the moon's shape.
01:57For instance, we now know that our satellite's poles
02:01are about 0.3 miles closer to the center compared to the moon's equator.
02:07Sure, it might seem like a tiny detail,
02:10but if we adjust our GPS software accordingly before we land on the moon again,
02:14it might save us from getting lost up there.
02:17This level of math hasn't been done since the 60s for the moon,
02:21but we already know it works wonders here at home,
02:25so it only makes scientists better prepared for future missions.
02:29This isn't the first time people have used Fibonacci's findings
02:32to come up with clever solutions.
02:34We've also seen it put to work in finance, agriculture, and in computer science.
02:39Let's see where it all came from.
02:41Legend has it that the Italian mathematician Fibonacci
02:44wasn't really that interested in mathematical sequences at first,
02:47but rather in rabbits?
02:49So, he came up with this interesting puzzle.
02:52What happens if you place a pair of rabbits in a certain space for a year?
02:57He also set some theoretical rules.
02:59For starters, all those bunnies come in boy-girl pairs,
03:02and they can start reproducing after just a month.
03:05Each month, each bunny pair adds one more pair of bunny offspring.
03:09The last rule was that all bunnies would be invincible for the year.
03:13Doing the math, he got this series of numbers.
03:15One, one, two, three, five, eight, and so on.
03:21If you look at this series again,
03:23you'll notice that every number is the sum of the two before it.
03:27The first two? That's your starting bunny pair.
03:30Next, you'll see the number two,
03:32which is the first pair and their first offspring pair.
03:35Word caught on about this interesting sequence,
03:38and math lovers began studying it more closely.
03:42They started seeing this pattern very often in nature,
03:45like in how leaves grow on a plant or how seeds arrange on sunflowers.
03:50There's even a little experiment you can do to check it out.
03:53Start by grabbing some paper and a pen.
03:56Try drawing the Fibonacci spiral.
03:58Start with a tiny circle,
04:00then go bigger and bigger using those Fibonacci numbers.
04:04The first circle should just be a tiny dot on the paper,
04:08or the equivalent of zero.
04:10Next circle, one unit.
04:12Another circle, still one unit.
04:15Keep it going, and you'll see that the circles form this spiral pattern.
04:19Even as it continues to grow, it keeps its shape.
04:22You might have also stumbled upon the Fibonacci spiral as a symbol of hypnosis.
04:26In all fairness, there's little evidence you can confuse someone
04:29by making them stare into a spiral for a while.
04:32But its effects on our focus and our optic nerves can't be ignored.
04:37After you've stared at a spinning spiral,
04:39you might see how objects get smaller or bigger,
04:42depending on the direction of the swirl.
04:44It's easy to understand why some experience this sensation as hypnotizing.
04:49This interesting series of numbers appears in our day-to-day lives,
04:53even if we don't notice it.
04:55It can also be used in more practical instances,
04:58like converting miles to kilometers.
05:00Let's look at the series 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13.
05:07Pick any two numbers side by side.
05:10Say 13 and 21.
05:12Do the calculations, and you'll notice that 13 miles is about 21 kilometers.
05:17Same with 34 and 55.
05:20Music and math might not seem like they're connected.
05:24But if you had asked the great Mozart, he probably wouldn't have agreed.
05:28It seems he was very passionate about numbers from early on in his career.
05:32He loved finding cool number patterns in music,
05:35like some sort of hidden messages.
05:38His own sister even remembered him doodling math all the time,
05:41even on the sides of his music sheets.
05:43Some scholars believe he might have even played around with the Fibonacci numbers.
05:47If that's really the case,
05:50then he might have used the ration to balance out parts of his tunes.
05:54What about other types of art?
05:56Well, it's also said that Leonardo da Vinci used the golden ratio in his masterpieces,
06:01like the Vitruvian Man and the Mona Lisa.
06:03Also, when it comes to great pieces of architecture,
06:06the Parthenon might have used this pattern too.
06:09Anytime you see buildings with columns spaced just right,
06:12you can be certain that's where the builders drew inspiration from.
06:15The Great Pyramid of Giza is another great example.
06:19There's no official record to prove it,
06:21but the pyramid's shape is so close to the golden ratio that it's kind of obvious.
06:25You'll also see this pattern appearing naturally in our environment.
06:28Go out in our garden and check to see if you have any pine cones lying around.
06:32See those scales?
06:34They're set up in a pattern according to the Fibonacci sphere.
06:37Even the bones in our body seem to be growing based on the same proportions.
06:41We've got one torso, one head, and one heart.
06:45Then there's stuff that comes in pairs.
06:48Our arms, legs, eyes, and ears, for instance.
06:52For the number three,
06:54think about the composition of our limbs and the three main sections in our hand.
06:58The wrist part, the middle palm part, and our fingers,
07:02which are also split into three, by the way.
07:04Oh, speaking of fingers,
07:06their bone lengths have this ratio too.
07:09This design helps our fingers move smoothly,
07:11especially when grabbing objects.
07:13The Fibonacci sequence can be seen in the way ocean waves curve
07:17and how rivers split and flow too.
07:19Weather patterns can also follow this rule.
07:22Some whirlpools and hurricanes form and spread out
07:26in the same way the Fibonacci spiral does.
07:29Zoom out, and you'll see that spirals aren't just found here on Earth.
07:33They're also everywhere in space, and it isn't random.
07:36Most galaxies, including our Milky Way, are spirals.
07:40Think of it like this.
07:42Generally, stars in a young galaxy don't all appear at once.
07:46Some are faster when developing, others take their time.
07:50This makes gravity pull in different ways,
07:52making the young galaxy spin like a disc.
07:54As it spins, different levels of gravity stretch it into getting these spiral arms.
08:00On the flip side, if all the stars in a young galaxy appear at the same time,
08:05gravity just smushes it all into an egg shape,
08:08or what the astronomers call elliptical.
08:13That's it for today.
08:14So, hey, if you pacified your curiosity,
08:16then give the video a like and share it with your friends.
08:19Or, if you want more, just click on these videos and stay on the Bright Side.