Avez-vous vu le plus grand arbre de la Terre ? Ce géant séquoia imposant se tient comme un témoignage de la puissance durable de la nature. Avec sa taille colossale et sa présence ancestrale, l'arbre Sherman exige le respect de tous ceux qui le contemplent. Au coeur du Parc National de Séquoia en Californie, ce spécimen majestueux est considéré comme l'un des plus anciens organismes vivants sur Terre, ayant assisté à des siècles d'histoire se dérouler. Son tronc massif, orné d'une écorce robuste et de branches imposantes, sert de chronique vivante du temps lui-même. Animation créée par Sympa.
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FunTranscript
00:00The largest tree in the world is so gigantic that it was named General Sherman.
00:06It stands proudly in the National Park of California sequoias.
00:10Its branches extend to 84 meters in the sky.
00:14It is almost as high as the Statue of Liberty.
00:17As for its weight, if we could put it on a scale,
00:20we would need 400 elephants to balance it all.
00:24Its base extends to 11 meters in diameter,
00:27which would be enough to park two sedans end to end.
00:32California is the last place on Earth where these colossal trees grow naturally.
00:38During the Ice Age, they flourished in North America as well as in Europe,
00:42but as the glaciers receded, the sequoias gradually disappeared.
00:48Today, they thrive only along the western side of the Sierra Nevada Massif
00:54and rely on the melting of the ice caps to quench their thirst.
00:58General Sherman attracts thousands of visitors every day
01:02and the infrastructure of the park is designed to respond to this influx.
01:06There is only a short 8-centimeter walk from the nearest parking lot to access this green giant.
01:13On the way, a stone gate illustrates the shape and size of the base of the tree
01:18to give visitors an idea of its immensity.
01:22It is estimated that this famous sequoia would be between 2300 and 2700 years old
01:28and would have witnessed centuries after centuries of upheaval.
01:32It sprouted during the early days of the Roman Empire.
01:35When the settlers arrived in California at the end of the 9th century,
01:39they first tried to exploit these sequoias, thinking that their wood was precious.
01:44However, the colossal effort required to defeat these giants was almost inconceivable for the time.
01:51They also quickly discovered that this type of wood was more fragile than expected
01:55and therefore preferred to spare these trees.
01:58As for its name, the sequoia owes it to General William T. Sherman,
02:02a famous American military man of the 9th century.
02:05Not far from General Sherman is the second largest tree in the world,
02:10named General Grant.
02:12Discovered years before General Sherman received his name,
02:15this tree had to face its share of challenges, starting with fires.
02:19But like its counterpart, it survived,
02:22mainly thanks to its thick bark and its resistant heartwood.
02:28As for the oldest tree,
02:30we have known for a long time that it is a pinbristlecone from the Great Basin of the United States,
02:35named Methuselahem.
02:36It is also found in California.
02:38It has been there for more than 4,800 years,
02:41long before the Egyptians built the Pyramids of Gizesh.
02:45The exact location of this tree is kept secret to preserve it from all damage.
02:50Methuselahem and its congeners grow in California,
02:53Nevada and Utah, where it is difficult to survive.
02:56The region is cold, the soil is dry and the winds are fierce.
03:01But these robust pine trees have found a way to thrive
03:04by extracting their nutrients from the hard and rocky soil of the mountains.
03:08Their branches become knotty and twisted
03:11because of the winds blowing from all sides as they reach maturity.
03:16This makes them look a little disheveled,
03:18but it is an additional protection measure for these trees during powerful storms.
03:23Their roots feed only the branches that are just above them.
03:28Thus, if a part of the roots is torn,
03:31only this part of the tree will be affected.
03:36However, there is a new claim for the oldest tree.
03:40In Chile, there is a cypress from Patagonia called Granabuelo,
03:44which means great-grandfather in Spanish.
03:47It could be even older than Methuselahem, about 500 years old.
03:51This would mean that this tree has seen people walking around since the Bronze Age.
03:56To determine the age of a tree,
03:58we generally have to look inside and count the cerns.
04:02For Granabuelo, however,
04:04scientists have used complex calculations to estimate its age.
04:08All experts are not yet convinced by this method.
04:12No matter how old the tree is,
04:14Methuselahem and Granabuelo have seen many changes in their long existence.
04:20Each cern of their trunk contains information about the weather of the year it appeared.
04:26Researchers can learn a lot about our planet's past climate by studying these ancient trees.
04:35The largest tree in the world is also forbidden to visitors,
04:39but it is a recent security measure.
04:42Its name is Hyperion,
04:44and it is located in the Redwood National Park in California.
04:48Reaching a height of 116 meters,
04:51it is a coastal sequoia,
04:53larger than the length of a football field.
04:56Named after a titan of Greek mythology,
04:58Hyperion was discovered in 2006 by two researchers.
05:02The park houses other incredibly tall trees,
05:05like Elios and Icarus,
05:07both reaching heights of more than 110 meters.
05:11The impressive height of the northern California sequoias
05:14is due to their foliage and the climate of the region.
05:17These trees absorb and retain the humidity of the morning fog,
05:22and their seeds promote recovery after an injury,
05:25allowing them to live for a very long time.
05:28However, their shallow roots make them vulnerable to damage caused by hikers.
05:34Although they hold this record,
05:36the appearance of Hyperion may not seem up to all this media backlash.
05:41It is difficult to appreciate the dizzying size from the ground,
05:45and its trunk is not so impressive.
05:47Hyperion is currently sheltered in a closed section of the park without marked trails,
05:52but despite everything, many hikers have trampled on the surroundings over the years,
05:57damaging its habitat.
05:59Many waste has also been found by the past.
06:02The park recently published a statement exhorting visitors to avoid this tree,
06:08without which they could have to pay several hundred dollars in fines,
06:12or even find themselves behind bars.
06:17The tree of life stands, like a symbol of resilience,
06:21in the middle of the desert landscapes of Bahrain.
06:24Nestled at the highest point of the country,
06:26this ancient tree defies all probability,
06:29captivating visitors with its mysterious and inexplicable presence.
06:33It is surrounded by arid dunes, out of sight,
06:36in the middle of the Arabian desert.
06:38And, because it stands alone with the desert for any background canvas,
06:42it has disconcerted botanists for many years.
06:45There is little, if not no rain there.
06:48There is also no soft source of water nearby.
06:51Despite the lack of humidity, the tree of life thrives in green and against everything,
06:56exhibiting its greenish foliage.
06:58The way it manages to survive in such difficult conditions
07:02has led to some of the strangest theories.
07:05Some assume that the talus roots of the tree would sink very far into the ground,
07:10reaching depths of nearly 50 meters,
07:13in order to access the underground water reserves.
07:15Others suggest that the tree would adapt to its environment,
07:19by draining the humidity of the surrounding sand grains
07:22through adapted mechanisms.
07:24Another interesting theory is that the tree of life
07:27would be located on the site of the legendary Garden of Eden,
07:30and would draw its water from a mystical source.
07:33In addition to its scientific and cultural importance,
07:36the tree of life is a major tourist attraction in the region,
07:40attracting about 65,000 visitors each year.
07:43All this for a tree.
07:47Poland has its share of trees worthy of interest,
07:50all gathered in the Twisted Forest.
07:53It is a group of 400 trees that bend in a strange way.
07:57They all have a similar shape,
08:00bending abruptly towards the sky to form a J that almost touches the ground.
08:05Several theories face each other to explain the appearance of these trees.
08:08Some think that a strong snowstorm
08:11could have covered them when they were young and stupid,
08:14pushing them down.
08:15Others believe that the unusual gravity of the region
08:18could have affected their growth.
08:20An interesting hypothesis suggests that the people who planted these trees
08:24in the 1920s could have sought to bend them on purpose.
08:27These shapes would have been intended to accelerate the manufacture of furniture.
08:31So when the trees were about 10 years old,
08:34we would have interfered with their growth by making them adopt this strange shape.
08:39After the end of the ligature process,
08:42the trees would have remained in this strange position for the following decades.
08:47Anyway, what happened to one tree happened to all the others,
08:51because they are all arranged in the same way.
08:54Human intervention is therefore the most probable explanation.
08:57Even if all the trees in the Twisted Forest look alike,
09:00with their disturbing curvature,
09:02they always manage to stay strong and healthy.
09:05They adapted to these difficult conditions and,
09:08in one way or another,
09:10managed to continue to grow.