八点最热报 | 前几天，副首相法迪拉才宣布，与1963年马来西亚协议MA63相关的诉求中，已经有11项获得解决，而当中有7项是在首相安华领导的政府下实现的，不过针对增加东马在国会的议席数目的议题，非政府组织-安盛专案（Projek SAMA）却认为，如果要确保东马拥有三分之一的议会否决权，以阻止西马单方面修改宪法，把东马在上议院的议席增加到三分一就可以。（主播：庄文杰）
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00:00Before watching the video, I remind you that there is more content on the R.E.D.I.N.E. website.
00:04To serve the 916 Malaysia Day, this is a commemoration day for East Malaysia and the West Malaysia Peninsula to form Malaysia.
00:10A few days ago, Deputy Prime Minister Fadila announced that 11 of the claims related to the Malaysia Agreement MA63 in 1963 have been resolved,
00:18and 7 of them were realized under the government of Prime Minister Anwar.
00:23However, for the issue of increasing the number of seats in parliament,
00:27the non-governmental organization Project Sama believes that
00:30if East Malaysia has one-third of the parliamentary veto power to prevent West Malaysia from unilaterally amending the constitution,
00:37it is enough to increase the number of seats in parliament to one-third.
00:42However, the director of the Asia Research Institute of Tasmania University in East Malaysia,
00:46Jan Uyghur, believes that parliament has always been referred to as a political nursing home and has no real power.
00:52In accordance with the MA63 agreement,
00:54it is necessary to ensure that East Malaysia has one-third of the parliamentary veto power in the upper and lower parliaments.
00:59At the same time, the political scientist and one of the members of the Ansheng Special Case,
01:03Huang Jinfa, believes that the next parliamentary session is a stepping stone to decide who will be the government and what policy,
01:09and the upper parliament is a brake to force everyone to consider the reasons of each party.
01:14And East Malaysia requires one-third of the parliamentary seats in the upper and lower parliaments,
01:18that is, both braking and stepping on the accelerator.
01:23In recent years, the topic of East Malaysia's one-third of the parliamentary seats has been discussed.
01:28This history can be traced back to the Malaysia Agreement MA63 in 1963.
01:33When Malaysia was founded in 1963,
01:35East Malaysia's Sabah and Sarawak,
01:37as well as Singapore at the time and the Malay Federation at the time,
01:40formed Malaysia under this agreement.
01:44One of the key points of the agreement is to ensure that East Malaysia will not be sucked into the federation,
01:48which is the Malay leadership at the time.
01:51At that time, Malaya had 104 seats in the lower parliament,
01:5424 in Sarawak, 16 in Sabah, and 15 in Singapore.
01:58The purpose of this ratio is to allow Sabah, Sarawak and Singapore to share about one-third of the seats,
02:05so that they have the right to decide on constitutional amendments and so on.
02:12But East Malaysia believes that after Singapore left Malaysia in 1965,
02:16the original 15 seats in Singapore were not redistributed to Sabah and Sarawak,
02:22which led to the gradual expansion of the seats in the lower parliament,
02:26and the political influence of East Malaysia was also gradually weakened.
02:29Therefore, during the past few years,
02:31when discussing the restoration of the status of the East Malay Federation,
02:34we have been discussing the need to restore one-third of the seats in East Malaysia.
02:38The non-governmental organization Anson Project pointed out that
02:41instead of allowing East Malaysia to have one-third of the seats in the lower parliament,
02:44it only needs to add 30 members from Sabah and Sarawak to the upper parliament,
02:48plus 5 members from Nami.
02:51Then East Malaysia will expand to 35 seats in the upper parliament of 100 people.
02:56This ratio happens to be 35%,
02:58which can ensure that it will not be disadvantageous to the restoration of East Malaysia.
03:03But for this suggestion,
03:05the director of the Australian University of Tasmania,
03:07the head of the Asian Research Institute,
03:09believes that East Malaysia should insist on getting one-third of the seats in the lower and upper parliaments.
03:16He pointed out that since all members of the upper parliament are appointed,
03:20not elected by the people,
03:22the political legitimacy of the upper parliament is very low.
03:26He also said that according to Article 68 of the Federal Constitution,
03:29in some cases, the bill of the lower parliament,
03:32such as the financial budget bill,
03:34can be passed around the upper parliament and directly submitted to the head of the parliament for approval.
03:38Therefore, having one-third of the seats in the upper parliament has no influence at all.
03:56For people outside Malaya, the right to object to a constitutional amendment,
04:00then this whole idea of giving them one-third of the seats in the Dewan Negara,
04:04is just nonsense.
04:06The director of the Australian University of Tasmania,
04:08the head of the Asian Research Institute,
04:10believes that having one-third of the seats in the upper parliament in East Malaysia
04:13has no effect at all.
04:15Because in our political reality,
04:17the upper parliament can only postpone the bill,
04:19but has no right to deny the bill.
04:21Huang Jin-fa, one of the members of the Ansheng Special Case,
04:23who is a political scholar at the University of Tasmania,
04:25said in an interview that
04:27if East Malaysia wants the right to object to a constitutional amendment,
04:31then the upper and lower parliaments have the same right.
04:34East Malaysia can still prevent the bill from being passed.
04:38So what he wants to ask is,
04:40does East Malaysia want more right to object to a constitutional amendment?
04:44If you want the right to object to a constitutional amendment,
04:46the rights of the upper and lower parliaments are exactly the same.
04:49If you want to accept this fact honestly,
04:51you don't have to go to court.
04:53But if you don't want the rights of the upper and lower parliaments,
04:56for example, if you want the right to object to a constitutional amendment today,
04:59what is your purpose?
05:00It is to overthrow the government.
05:01So what East Malaysia wants today is
05:03the right to overthrow the government with a constitutional amendment.
05:06Because in the federal system,
05:08the two parliaments are the parliament,
05:10and the lower parliament is the state.
05:12It is up to the government to decide.
05:13The government has the right to decide what policy.
05:15The upper parliament is the killer.
05:17Your purpose is to prevent everyone from considering the interests of all parties.
05:21If East Malaysia wants the right to object,
05:23then you just need to have the ability to kill in the upper parliament.
05:27So why do you want to seize the right to overthrow the government today?
05:30Seize the right to overthrow the government,
05:31in other words,
05:32do you want to be able to overthrow the government at any time today?
05:34Huang Jinfa pointed out that
05:36if East Malaysia wants not only the right to object to a constitutional amendment,
05:39the ability to kill,
05:40but also the right to seize the right to overthrow the government,
05:44then open the skylight and speak up.
05:46Speak up openly.
05:48Don't just stand there and do nothing.
05:50But Zhan Junhao said that this kind of argument is not correct,
05:53because the purpose of allowing East Malaysia to have one-third of the seats
05:56is to correct historical errors and restore the original look of MA63,
06:00rather than re-establishing the rules of the game.
06:03No, this is not an honest argument.
06:06As I said,
06:07the idea of giving Sabah and Sarawak back
06:11is to correct a historical wrong.
06:13It is not to rewrite the rules of the game.
06:16So if you look at it historically,
06:18the reality is that Sabah and Sarawak and Singapore then,
06:23in other words, outside Malaya,
06:25were given slightly more than one-third of the seats in the Dewan Raya.
06:29So if the whole purpose of this exercise is to correct a historical wrong,
06:34what he is suggesting is that putting in new interpretations.
06:38If that is the case,
06:39then we might as well rewrite the whole MA63
06:42and come up with a new agreement.
06:43So this is the sort of argument that a lot of Malayan NGOs
06:47and a lot of Malayan people have tried to put forward,
06:51and this is not the view of the people of Sabah and Sarawak.
06:55Zhan Junhao believes that Ansheng's proposal
06:58is only the view of a non-governmental organization or scholar on the West Malaysia Peninsula.
07:01It does not represent the views of the people of East Malaysia, Sabah and Sarawak.
07:04Therefore, the debate between East and West Malaysia
07:07seems to be entangled in whether MA63 has a list of names
07:10that must ensure that East Malaysia has one-third of the seats in parliament.
07:14So in that original agreement,
07:16there was a common understanding among the original founders of the federation
07:21that Malaya cannot alter the federal constitution whenever it likes.
07:27So to prevent this, they combined the seats of Sabah,
07:31or at that time called North Borneo, Sarawak and Singapore
07:35and gave them about 35% of the seats in parliament.
07:38So when this NGO suggested that rather than give one-third of the seats
07:43to Sabah and Sarawak in both houses of parliament,
07:46we will only give them Dewan Negara of the upper house,
07:50it seems to me that this is again a rewriting of the history.
07:54Today, you said that we want to have one-third of the seats in the lower house.
07:58In fact, it is reasonable and not afraid of death.
08:02Because in 1963, the Malaysian Constitution, MA63,
08:06did not explicitly bind Sabah, Sarawak and Singapore together,
08:10so you have one-third of the seats in parliament.
08:12If anyone in Singapore leaves the other two states,
08:15they can inherit the original information.
08:17There is no such commitment.
08:18At that time, the transfer of representatives to the two states of East Malaysia
08:21was actually a temporary amendment.
08:27For all kinds of rights related to East Malaysia,
08:30Sarawak Prime Minister Dunwangju Naidi
08:32said at the time of the release of the Malaysian Daily
08:42He said that the relevant documents include
08:44the Malaysian Joint Consulting Committee was forgotten,
08:47the Keporda Committee Report,
08:49the Government and the Committee Report IGC,
08:51the Malaysian Law of the UK in 1963,
08:53the Malaysian Law of Malaya in 1963,
08:55the Malaysia Agreement MA63 in 1963,
08:58the Malaysian Agreement MA63 in 1963,
09:01and the Malaysian Constitution in 1963.
09:04In other words,
09:06these constitutional documents are the soul and spirit of the Malaysian Agreement.
09:10He said that the democratic system of parliament
09:12and the constitutional system of the military
09:14and the federal constitution
09:15witnessed the merger of the three regions
09:17and asked everyone to accept this historical truth
09:20and shoulder the vision of Malaysia.
09:22Don't quarrel and destroy the harmony that has been established for a long time.
09:28For more UN videos visit www.un.org