Working of Asynchronous Motor / induction Motor Fully Explained with 3D Animation

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Transcript

00:00An asynchronous motor, also known as an induction motor,

00:03operates based on electromagnetic induction. Today I will explain you.

00:08The principle of electric motors, which I never understood until I graduated,

00:13turned out to be so simple. This is a metal bar that can be rotated.

00:17If a magnet is placed close to the bar, the bar will rotate in the direction of the magnet,

00:22and when the magnet moves, the bar will move with it.

00:26Now we replace the metal rod with an iron disc and replace the bar magnet with a U-shaped magnet.

00:33When we move the magnet, the disc will follow. If we keep the magnet circling the disc,

00:38the disc will follow, and the disc will also rotate.

00:42You might think that it's the magnet's attraction that causes the disc to follow,

00:46but the truth is much more complicated than that.

00:49Let's replace the ferrous disc with an aluminum disc, which is non-ferromagnetic,

00:54and when we move the magnet, the disc rotates just the same.

00:59So why is that?

01:01The magnetic field of the U-shaped magnet flows from the N pole to the S pole,

01:06and when the magnet moves due to the cutting of the magnetic inductance,

01:10according to the principle of electromagnetic induction,

01:13eddy currents will be generated on the iron disc.

01:16Through the right-hand rule can easily know that the direction of the induced current points to

01:21the center of the disc. In which direction does the disc rotate?

01:25It is necessary to use the left-hand rule. The index finger points to the direction of

01:30the magnetic field, the middle finger points to the direction of the current.

01:34The direction of the thumb will produce a force, it is this force to make the disc rotate.

01:40It should be noted that the speed of the magnet is not the same as the speed of the disc.

01:45If the same electromagnetic induction will not occur, the disc will not rotate itself.

01:50Next, we continue to improve the device by replacing the disc with an iron cylinder

01:55and the U-shaped magnet with two bar magnets.

01:58When we rotate the magnets, the cylinder will rotate with them.

02:01And let's look at the force on the cylinder.

02:04The magnetic field flows from the N pole to the S pole,

02:07and since the magnet is moving downward, the relative cylinder is moving upward.

02:12By the right-hand rule, it follows that the current flows in this direction.

02:17Again, by the left-hand rule, you can tell that the force on the cylinder is facing down.

02:22The same principle applies to the other side, yielding that the force is directed upwards,

02:28and eventually the cylinder will be able to rotate along with the magnet.

02:33So, can you make a cylinder turn without turning the magnet?

02:37Let's start with an interesting little experiment.

02:40In this experiment, when the direction of the current is constantly changing,

02:44the direction of the magnetic field is also constantly changing.

02:48According to this principle, we can put several coils around the cylinder,

02:52and when we keep changing the direction of the current,

02:55the magnetic field of the coils will keep changing, which forms a rotating magnetic field.

03:02As before, the force generated by the rotating magnetic field

03:06will be able to push the cylinder to rotate,

03:09which is actually the underlying principle of the asynchronous motor.

03:13Let's take a look at how a three-phase asynchronous motor works in reality.

03:18First of all, let's understand what three-phase alternating current is.

03:22When rotating the magnet around the coil,

03:24the change of the magnetic field will make the coil produce alternating current.

03:29The waveform of the current is like this, which is unidirectional alternating current.

03:34Three coils will be placed at an interval of 120 degrees and then rotate the magnet.

03:41The waveform of the current is like this, which is three-phase alternating current.

03:46The three-phase asynchronous motor is connected to three-phase alternating current.

03:51The motor is mainly divided into rotor and stator,

03:54and the rotor is mainly composed of winding coils.

03:57First, the coil enters from the A port,

04:01then comes out in the opposite direction from the A port directly opposite,

04:05then enters from the B port at 120 degree intervals,

04:09then comes out in the opposite direction from the B port,

04:12and then the same operation is done to connect the coil into the C port at 120 degrees.

04:19And finally, the wires coming back in the opposite direction are connected together.

04:23The other three wires are connected to a three-way alternating current,

04:27and according to Ampere's law, when the current passes through the A coil,

04:31it produces a magnetic field, the direction of which is clockwise.

04:35The coil opposite the other end of the A coil also generates a magnetic field,

04:40which is counterclockwise.

04:42B and C do the same, and you can visualize this change better with this diagram.

04:47When the green coil is energized with alternating current,

04:51the direction of the magnetic field in the green coil changes in the opposite direction

04:56as the current continues to change, regardless of whether the coil is red or blue.

05:01When all three coils are energized, this creates two separate magnetic fields.

05:08As the alternating current continues to change,

05:11the magnetic field changes with it, creating a rotating magnetic field.

05:16With a rotating magnetic field, we can build an electric motor.

05:20This is a simplified squirrel cage motor rotor.

05:23By placing the rotor directly into the stator,

05:25the rotor is able to turn quickly under the action of the rotating magnetic field.

05:30This is just a simple motor made up of windings.

05:33There are more complex windings, but ultimately,

05:35they are all designed to create a rotating magnetic field.

05:39Asynchronous motors are used in a large number of applications

05:43in various industrial and agricultural production

05:46due to their simplicity, reliability, and ease of installation.

05:51Hope you understand now how asynchronous motor works.

05:54Thanks for watching like comment share and subscribe

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