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00:00Hi kids! Today we will learn more about the types of clauses. So let's start.
00:12We have already learned about two types of clauses, main clauses and subordinate clauses.
00:21Main clauses have both subject and predicate and they can stand separately as sentences
00:30and express a complete thought or idea. Now let's learn about subordinate clauses.
00:41Subordinate clauses also have both subject and predicate, but they cannot stand separately
00:48as sentences and they do not express a complete idea or thought.
00:56Let's see some examples. Ed kicked the ball. This is a main clause as it has a subject
01:05Ed and a predicate kicked the ball. It can stand alone as a complete sentence and make
01:13sense on its own as it expresses a complete idea.
01:20Let's see another clause. When Ed kicked the ball. This clause also has a subject Ed and
01:30a predicate kicked the ball, but it cannot stand alone as a complete sentence and cannot
01:38make sense on its own as it doesn't express a complete idea.
01:44So main clauses are also called independent clauses as they don't have to depend on any
01:51other clause for their meaning. And subordinate clauses are called dependent
01:59clauses as they cannot have a complete meaning unless they are dependent on some other main
02:05clause or independent clause. Now let's learn about independent clauses
02:14with examples. Now let's learn how independent clauses are
02:20connected to other clauses. First way is with the help of a period. Period
02:28will separate them into two different sentences, but they will be connected to each other by
02:35their common theme. For example, Eric goes to practice piano every day. He has a concert
02:44next month. The first clause in the sentence is Eric goes to practice piano every day,
02:55which is an independent clause. The second clause is he has a concert next
03:02month, which is also an independent clause, and they are separated with the help of a
03:08period, yet they are connected to each other by their common themes.
03:16Next is we can separate two clauses with the help of comma and a conjunction. For example,
03:26Eric goes to practice piano every day as he has his concert next month. Here, the first
03:34independent clause is Eric goes to practice piano every day, which is an independent clause
03:42and it is connected to the second independent clause, which is he has his concert next month
03:50with the help of two things, a comma and a conjunction. Remember, comma comes first
03:58and then it is followed by a conjunction. The two independent clauses can also be connected
04:05with the help of a semicolon if they are not already joined with the coordinating conjunction.
04:14Consider this example. Some students utilize their free time. Others wasted their time.
04:23Here, the first independent clause, some students utilize their free time, is connected to the
04:31second independent clause, others wasted their time by using a semicolon only. Here we have
04:40another way. Independent clauses are also connected with the help semicolon followed
04:49by a phrasal conjunction like however, moreover, nevertheless, as a result, etc. And this we use
05:00when we are adding the second independent clause as extra information. For instance,
05:07James read a novel. Moreover, he really enjoyed the novel. Here, the first independent clause,
05:17James read a novel, is connected to the second independent clause. He really enjoyed the novel
05:25by a semicolon followed by a phrasal conjunction, moreover. Here, the second independent clause is
05:35adding extra information to the first independent clause. So we learned that independent clauses can
05:43be connected to each other in four different ways. First is using a period. Second is using
05:52a comma and a conjunction. Then is a semicolon. And the fourth way is a semicolon and a long
06:01conjunction or a phrasal conjunction. Now let's learn about dependent clauses. The clauses that
06:10depend on the main clauses or independent clauses for their meaning are called subordinate clauses
06:18or dependent clauses. They are called dependent clauses because they depend on the independent
06:27clause for their meaning. As shown in the example, he worked very hard and stood first in his class.
06:37Independent clauses, he worked very hard and stood first in the class is the dependent clause. And
06:47the easiest way to identify the dependent clause is they always begin with the subordinating
06:55conjunctions like and, but, moreover, further, that, though, etc. Here we have another example.
07:07They went early in order to get their favorite seat. Here, the clause in order to get their
07:17favorite seats starts with a subordinating conjunction, in order to. So the clause in
07:25order to get their favorite seats is a dependent clause or subordinate clause. And the other clause,
07:34they went early, is an independent clause. Here we have more examples. Although he worked hard,
07:44he could not succeed. Here, the clause, although he worked hard, is starting with a subordinating
07:52conjunction, although. So it is a dependent clause. And the other clause, he could not succeed,
08:01is an independent clause. We learned a dependent clause always depends on the independent clause
08:09for its meaning. And it can never exist without an independent clause. And also,
08:17a dependent clause always starts with a subordinating conjunction. Now let's learn
08:24about the punctuation rules when we connect a dependent clause with an independent clause.
08:30The first rule is that when the independent clause comes at the first place and the
08:39dependent clause comes at the second place, then there is no punctuation mark required
08:45between them. For example, I started learning swimming at early age because I wanted to be
08:53a professional swimmer. Here, the first clause is an independent clause and the second clause
09:01is a dependent clause as it starts with a subordinating conjunction, because. So the
09:09rule says that when the independent clause comes at the first place and the dependent
09:15clause comes at the second place, then no punctuation mark such as commas or semicolon
09:21is required between them. Another example, I'll be delighted if you can work on Sundays. Here,
09:32the independent clause is I'll be delighted. And the dependent clause is if you can work
09:38on Sundays, which is starting with a subordinating conjunction, if. I prefer to ride my bicycle to
09:47school because I can't wait for the bus. Here, the independent clause is I prefer to ride my
09:56bicycle to school and we have a dependent clause because I can't wait for the bus. So you can see
10:04we are not using any comma to separate dependent clause from independent clause because independent
10:12clause comes first. Finish your food before it gets too cold. Here, the independent clause is
10:22finish your food and dependent clause is before it gets too cold, which is starting with the
10:29subordinating conjunction before. And as the independent clause comes first, no comma to
10:36separate the two clauses. I can't give you a perfect outfit unless you have the right size.
10:44Here again, the independent clause, I can't give you a perfect outfit comes first and the dependent
10:53clause, unless you have the right size, comes after it. So no comma is used to separate the
11:01two clauses. Now let's learn about the second rule. When the dependent clause comes at the
11:10first place and the independent clause comes at the second place, a comma is used to separate two
11:17clauses. For example, if the dress is on sale, buy it for me. Here, the first clause is a dependent
11:29clause and it is starting with the subordinating conjunction if, and the second clause is an
11:35independent clause. So we have used a comma between them. Let's see some similar example
11:44sentences. After months of research, he finally finished his project. After months of research,
11:54is a dependent clause as it starts with the subordinating conjunction after. He finally
12:03finished his project, is a independent clause, and here the independent clause comes after the
12:10dependent clause. So comma is used to separate two clauses. Whenever I go for eating out,
12:18I order pizza. Here, whenever I go for eating out is a dependent clause as it starts with the
12:27subordinating conjunction whenever. I order pizza is an independent clause which comes
12:35after the dependent clause. So comma is used to separate the two clauses. Here we have some more
12:43examples where you can see comma between two clauses and the reason is independent clause
12:49comes after the dependent clause. While I was asleep, the dog knocked over the pot. So we have
12:58learned a lot about different types of clauses and how to connect them to each other. Now you
13:05may go ahead and take a quiz to learn more. Bye-bye.