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Transcript
00:00:00Can you eat this?
00:00:02We sometimes see strange spots on our potatoes and we wonder if we shouldn't throw them away.
00:00:07Here are 10 tips on food to know when to eat them and when to throw them away.
00:00:12Did you know that every year 54 million tons of food are wasted just in the United States?
00:00:19To put things in perspective, this figure means that nearly 40% of all food is wasted.
00:00:26People throw them away if they don't trust the ingredients.
00:00:28They are careful and that's perfectly normal.
00:00:30But there are cases where even if the food looks strange, it is completely safe to eat them.
00:00:37The first element on our list is beef.
00:00:39When it comes to meat, people are naturally very careful.
00:00:43Imagine that you buy beef.
00:00:45Later, you realize that it has brown spots.
00:00:49If you have the reflex to get rid of it immediately, know that these spots are normal.
00:00:53There may even be brown layers inside the meat.
00:00:56And yet, the bright red color is synonymous with fresh meat, isn't it?
00:00:59Not necessarily.
00:01:00When the meat is cut for the first time, it is brown.
00:01:03If the meat is quickly packed under vacuum, it will retain this color.
00:01:07But if the meat is exposed to air for about 15 minutes, then the oxygen will cause a change in appearance to red.
00:01:14This red can turn brown when the biochemical reaction begins.
00:01:18It can take a few hours.
00:01:20Butchers grind the meat several times a day to get this bright red color.
00:01:25Because they know that consumers are wary of the brown-looking beef.
00:01:29If the beef is wrapped in a plastic that is permeable to oxygen, it becomes bright red after being exposed to oxygen.
00:01:36As long as the meat smells good, is fresh and has been kept properly, it can be eaten safely.
00:01:44Have you ever seen dark lines under the shell of a shrimp?
00:01:47It's the same thing as for beef.
00:01:49The black lines on the meat of your shrimps are linked to a natural phenomenon.
00:01:53They appear gradually after the shrimps have been taken out of the water.
00:01:57The meat is exposed to oxygen and the black becomes more visible over time.
00:02:02Here too, the pattern of the animal itself can enter the line of account.
00:02:06These black lines can be a natural discoloration on the shrimp.
00:02:10Think of cats.
00:02:12They also have different color patterns, even if they are identical in terms of species.
00:02:17Next time, you will be able to carry out a mini experiment in your kitchen.
00:02:21Put some shrimps side by side and observe the slight differences in their color patterns.
00:02:26Shrimps release a bad smell when they are no longer edible.
00:02:30So if they still have a smell and a fresh taste, do not throw them away.
00:02:34Can you eat moldy yogurt?
00:02:36This green substance on the surface does not look appetizing at all.
00:02:39But if you take it off with a spoon, you will feel like you have a fresh yogurt underneath.
00:02:44However, the short answer is that you have to throw it away.
00:02:46The mold is only visible on the top, but it has probably settled in depth.
00:02:50Not to mention the fact that the yogurt will have a bad taste.
00:02:53Many molds are harmless, but some produce toxic substances.
00:02:57Green mold is a type of penicillium.
00:03:00Does this word seem familiar to you?
00:03:02It is the same type of mold as the one used in the antibiotic called penicillin.
00:03:06But do not rejoice too quickly.
00:03:08Eating a moldy yogurt will not cure bacterial infections like magic.
00:03:14In 2013, there was an epidemic related to a range of yogurts.
00:03:18The manufacturer delivered his products to the store as usual.
00:03:21But after a while, they received complaints from customers,
00:03:25saying that the yogurt looked like a yogurt soup and had an old taste.
00:03:29It turns out that a type of mushroom probably released a little carbon dioxide.
00:03:34This made the product stinging and caused swelling.
00:03:38The manufacturer and a scientist have both stated that this mushroom in question was generally not harmful.
00:03:44However, more than 200 people have stated that they have been affected.
00:03:49This kind of thing can still happen, so trust your sense of observation.
00:03:54If you are unlucky enough to see mold in a freshly opened yogurt, contact the manufacturer.
00:04:00You may prevent other people from finding themselves in the same situation
00:04:04by informing the company of a systemic problem and preventing the product from being wasted in the future.
00:04:10In addition, the company will probably want to apologize and reimburse you or offer you a loan on its products.
00:04:22Technically, the fruit remains edible, but you may not want to eat it.
00:04:26Avocados are a source of many vitamins, such as vitamin C, E, K and B6,
00:04:31as well as healthy substances such as magnesium, potassium and many others.
00:04:36However, avocados work hard to become such a source of nutrients.
00:04:40And it has its own transport channels, like veins.
00:04:44These channels are normally invisible to us, until something comes out of the ordinary.
00:04:49Avocados can sometimes be kept at cold temperatures for longer than they should.
00:04:54As a result, tissue cells can weaken and begin to deteriorate.
00:04:59According to experts, after harvesting the fruit, if it stays in the refrigerator for a few weeks before you buy it,
00:05:05a vascular burn can occur.
00:05:07This phenomenon becomes visible after keeping the avocado at room temperature for a few days.
00:05:13But then, should you eat it or throw it away?
00:05:17You can eat the avocados marked in black dots, but it is better to taste them first.
00:05:21It may be that it does not taste the same as a normal avocado.
00:05:24What about the white part under the peel of the potatoes?
00:05:27Can we eat them or should we throw them away?
00:05:29They look like blues, but they are not black.
00:05:32If the outer layer of the potato seems normal,
00:05:35these strange white marks are not mold.
00:05:39Moldy potatoes deteriorate, they become soft and wrinkled.
00:05:43As long as the outside of the potato seems clean and regular,
00:05:47there is probably no harmful microbial growth inside.
00:05:51These white marks can be due to shocks, probably during the harvesting period.
00:05:57In short, you can eat it without danger.
00:06:00There may also be white marks on the cutting board when you cut the potatoes.
00:06:05According to experts, some potatoes contain more water and starch.
00:06:10As a result, your cutting board becomes a little dirtier than usual,
00:06:14but there is no need to worry either.
00:06:17Let's continue with another type of potato, chips.
00:06:21What are these black spots on the chips?
00:06:24Can we eat them or should we throw them away?
00:06:26You can consider them as minor imperfections that do not affect the quality of the chips.
00:06:31Again, they appear because of the shocks they undergo or because of the frying process.
00:06:37Sometimes you can see that your garlic seems to be trying to reproduce.
00:06:41Yes, it germinated!
00:06:43The question is whether you can eat germinated peels or whether you should throw them away.
00:06:48If the green germ is in the center of the peel, it's good.
00:06:51Know that the garlic taste will be stronger than it usually is.
00:06:55But it will still be acceptable in a cooked dish since it will be mixed with other ingredients.
00:07:00The taste should not be too strong.
00:07:03Can we eat an apple with greens?
00:07:06Most people can't even stand the idea of ​​accidentally biting into a green apple,
00:07:10but it's a matter of culture.
00:07:13The answer is yes, we can eat it.
00:07:15After all, greens just add a little protein to the fruit, don't they?
00:07:20These animals are not carriers of harmful parasites.
00:07:23They are simply making their way into the apple.
00:07:26The starting point of the fruit can have an unpleasant taste because it has become rotten over time.
00:07:31But in addition to the taste, the rotten part can be eaten without danger.
00:07:35What is not without danger, however, is to eat the apples that fall to the ground.
00:07:39These have probably dragged on the ground for a while
00:07:42and this can be enough for the harmful bacteria on the ground to sneak into the apple.
00:07:48In some cases, people have had health problems
00:07:51by drinking unpasteurized apple juice made from apples that have fallen to the ground.
00:08:04If you want to call an American friend hoping that he won't answer you,
00:08:07try to do it on Super Bowl night.
00:08:10More than 100 million people attend the final of the favorite sport of the Americans,
00:08:14which is the most watched television program of the year.
00:08:17Although we play with our hands, American football is called that
00:08:21because it developed from two sports, rugby and football,
00:08:25known as soccer in North America.
00:08:28In addition, before some major changes in the rules,
00:08:30hands and feet were used to play.
00:08:33A 1958 NFL championship game was the first, and until now the only, to end in overtime.
00:08:41That night, the Colts of Baltimore played against the Giants of New York.
00:08:45The stadium was full with 68,000 spectators
00:08:48and hundreds of thousands of people were watching it on NBC.
00:08:52At one point, the crowd became so out of control
00:08:55that the NBC cable responsible for the broadcast disconnected.
00:08:59The game was about to end, so they had to do something immediately.
00:09:03Earlier that year, the New York Times asked the producers if they had a plan B for such a scenario.
00:09:09He replied, laughing, that he should probably send someone on the field to watch the game.
00:09:14And that's exactly what they did.
00:09:16They sent their commercial director to run on the field after a dead time.
00:09:20Agents chased him for a while, and everyone thought it was just a striker.
00:09:25This is how NBC saved the show by missing only the first game sequence after the dead time.
00:09:30It is difficult to imagine a football match without huddles.
00:09:33These are moments when players gather all in a tight circle to discuss strategy,
00:09:37motivate each other, or celebrate a touchdown.
00:09:40But these huddles only became popular in the 1890s,
00:09:43thanks to Paul Hubbard, a quarterback from Gallaudet.
00:09:46He didn't want his other teammates to read his hand signals,
00:09:49so he gathered his teammates in a closed circle to protect their secrets.
00:09:53The 1982 game between the Cardinals of Stanford and the Golden Bears of California
00:09:57went down in history because of a sequence called The Play,
00:10:00which took place in the very last seconds.
00:10:02Stanford's team led 20-19, and there were only 4 seconds left.
00:10:06You might think it's nothing, but that time was enough for the Golden Bears to turn the situation around.
00:10:11They made 5 passes back, and...
00:10:13Boom!
00:10:14Touchdown final.
00:10:16They won 25-20.
00:10:18Unlike professional football,
00:10:20the balls used in college matches have white stripes painted on one end
00:10:24to make it easier to spot the ball during night matches.
00:10:27Wilson, a famous sports equipment company,
00:10:30is the exclusive supplier of NFL football balls since 1941.
00:10:35Today, they produce 4,000 balls a day.
00:10:38The first American football match in history was played between Rutgers and Princeton colleges.
00:10:43It was popular among students, but quickly became a pretty rough sport.
00:10:47At one point, it was even forbidden to play in public spaces.
00:10:51Walter Kemp, a famous rugby player,
00:10:53became the captain of Yale's American football team and saved the day.
00:10:57He changed the rules of the game and made it the sport we know today.
00:11:01The 20-yard line to the goal zone is known as the red zone.
00:11:05The red was chosen because it's a warning color for the defense.
00:11:09When the attack reaches this zone, it's in the best position to score.
00:11:14Gridiron football is another name for this game.
00:11:17No unusual story here.
00:11:18The only reason is that the pitch looks like a grill used in the kitchen.
00:11:22It seemed almost impossible for two brothers to coach NFL teams
00:11:26to face each other in the Super Bowl final.
00:11:28But it happened in 2013.
00:11:30Gene Harbaugh and John Harbaugh respectively coached the San Francisco 49ers
00:11:35and the Baltimore Ravens, who faced each other in the big game.
00:11:39Their parents watched the game in the New Orleans Superdome.
00:11:42John, René's brother, won.
00:11:44They briefly exchanged congratulations after the game,
00:11:46but did not speak for weeks.
00:11:49Both admitted that the game was very emotional.
00:11:53There was previously the National Football League and the American Football League.
00:11:57Each with its own champion until they merged in 1970.
00:12:01They had to decide on a new structure and failed to agree.
00:12:04And guess how they finally solved the problem?
00:12:07Well, they just put five in a vase and picked one randomly.
00:12:11The member of the Kansas City Chiefs, Lamar Hunt,
00:12:14found the name Super Bowl by taking inspiration from a toy that only cost 98 cents.
00:12:18His wife had found it in a toy store in Dallas, Texas,
00:12:22and told him that the little ball could bounce over a small house.
00:12:25The idea did not please everyone,
00:12:27and there were even contests to find another name.
00:12:29But this one remained.
00:12:32The first Super Bowl took place on January 15, 1967.
00:12:36Tickets only cost $ 12,
00:12:38compared to the $ 100,000 you have to pay for a VIP seat today.
00:12:43However, there were still many empty seats at the Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum,
00:12:47where it took place.
00:12:49They chose the location only six weeks before the kickoff.
00:12:52Today, it is known three years before the actual game.
00:12:56Since the 5th Super Bowl, Roman numbers have been used to identify the matches.
00:13:01This avoids some confusion.
00:13:03For example, the Super Bowl 2023 will take place at the beginning of this year,
00:13:07but the majority of the season will have been played in 2022.
00:13:11The only exception was the Super Bowl 50.
00:13:14The NFL thought that naming it Super Bowl L could have lowered ticket sales.
00:13:19But the NFL never pays any of its superstars who perform during halftime shows.
00:13:23If produced at 7 o'clock, it brings a lot more money to the artists in the long run,
00:13:28because their record sales always go up after the game.
00:13:31However, they receive money to cover the expenses they have to commit to prepare the show.
00:13:35This can represent more than $ 10 million.
00:13:37So it's not such a bad calculation after all.
00:13:39Each Super Bowl team receives 108 balls.
00:13:4254 of them serve as training balls,
00:13:44and 54 others are used during the actual game.
00:13:48The usual halftime of a NFL game lasts from 12 to 15 minutes.
00:13:52But the Super Bowl lasts from 20 to 30 minutes,
00:13:55depending on the show that takes place.
00:13:57The ball they threw in the 44th game to decide which team would give the shot
00:14:02had spent 11 days in a NASA spacecraft orbiting the Earth.
00:14:07To ensure that the game is always fair,
00:14:09seven officials with different functions must be present on the field.
00:14:13You can recognize them thanks to their striped black and white shirts.
00:14:16The referee is the highest-ranked of them all, and has the most responsibilities.
00:14:20Then come the umpire, the back row judge, the line manager,
00:14:24the touch judge, the line judge, and the field judge.
00:14:28It is the city of Miami that hosted the most Super Bowl editions with 11 games.
00:14:33The second place is occupied by New Orleans with 10 games.
00:14:36The game usually takes place in a hot climate or in a covered stadium.
00:14:39The only exception is the game that took place at Tulane Stadium in New Orleans,
00:14:43where the temperature at the time of the game was 4 degrees.
00:14:47The Arizona Cardinals are older than the state they represent.
00:14:50The team was founded in 1898,
00:14:53and Arizona officially became a state only 14 years later.
00:14:57The team also experienced the longest period in the history of the NFL
00:15:00where it did not win a single postseason game.
00:15:0351 years.
00:15:05The NFL gives the winning team members the famous Super Bowl ring.
00:15:09This one has never been the same,
00:15:11because the winners choose how to personalize it to make it unique.
00:15:14Its design takes up to 4 months.
00:15:16The ring normally bears the name and logo of the team,
00:15:19the title World Champion, as well as the logo and number of the Super Bowl.
00:15:23The team can give copies of the ring to whoever it wants,
00:15:26not only to the players, but also to the coaches,
00:15:28to the trainers, to the staff, to the staff,
00:15:30and also to former players and coaches.
00:15:33This is why the total price of the set is about 5 million dollars.
00:15:38The Super Bowl XLV ring of the Green Bay Pakers
00:15:41contained more than 100 diamonds.
00:15:4313 of them represent each title the team has won since 1929.
00:15:48Try it, you'll see.
00:15:50Pinch your elbow as hard as you can.
00:15:53You barely feel the pain.
00:15:55How does that happen?
00:15:56The nerve endings are different depending on the region of the body.
00:16:00The latter is indeed more sensitive to pain in the most fragile and risky areas.
00:16:05These areas have more nerve endings
00:16:08so that we react faster to protect ourselves.
00:16:11And the thick skin, like the elbows, has less pain detectors.
00:16:15But I'm not talking about that tingling and sudden pain
00:16:18you can feel when you pinch your elbow.
00:16:21It's a bit like if your arm had been electrocuted.
00:16:25I wouldn't say that this sensation is funny,
00:16:28even if English speakers talk about a funny bone that would be the cause,
00:16:31even if it's not a bone.
00:16:33It's a nerve that starts from your spine,
00:16:35goes through your neck,
00:16:36goes through your elbow
00:16:37and ends up in your fingers.
00:16:39Its real name is the ulnar nerve.
00:16:41It's one of the three main nerves of your arm
00:16:44and it transmits sensations to the tips of your fingers.
00:16:47Your ulnar nerve is well protected by muscles, fat and bones.
00:16:51But there's a spot on your elbow where this nerve is exposed.
00:16:54And this spot is where you pinch yourself.
00:16:58A different but real version of Achilles' heel.
00:17:01Now you know why it's funny when you pinch your elbow
00:17:04and why you don't feel anything when you pinch your skin.
00:17:09The next phenomenon also concerns our most embarrassing movements.
00:17:12But not only.
00:17:14It can also happen when you see the person you love.
00:17:17I'm talking about blushing.
00:17:19There are no butterflies in your stomach when you're in love.
00:17:23But I'm sure of this.
00:17:25When you blush, the wall of your stomach blushes too.
00:17:29Yes, I looked closely.
00:17:31The mucous membrane of the stomach protects the walls of this organ
00:17:34and the acid it contains.
00:17:36When you blush, it blushes too.
00:17:38Because blushing occurs when our blood rises to the surface of our skin.
00:17:42And it also affects the stomach.
00:17:44It's a natural process, a physiological response to a change in emotion.
00:17:49And since we're talking about the stomach,
00:17:51know that the gastric fluid has the ability to melt a table in steel.
00:17:58This means that this acid would be able to digest your internal organs.
00:18:02Fortunately, the wall of your stomach prevents this from happening.
00:18:06Now we're going to talk about the fact that you shine in the dark.
00:18:09Don't turn off the lights yet.
00:18:11You can't see that with the naked eye.
00:18:14These images of sparkling human bodies come from ultra-sensitive cameras.
00:18:19Japanese scientists were the first to immortalize human bioluminescence.
00:18:24Only these ultra-sensitive cameras can detect the tiny amounts of light that our body emits.
00:18:29Because this light is a thousand times weaker than what the human eye can see.
00:18:33Apparently, all living creatures produce a small amount of light
00:18:37due to chemical reactions in their cells.
00:18:40And humans are no exception.
00:18:43Researchers photographed the top of a group of volunteers for several days.
00:18:48And their results indicate that the light emitted obeys a 24-hour cycle.
00:18:53The light is at its maximum in the late afternoon and its minimum late at night.
00:18:57In addition, the brightest light is emitted by the cheeks, the forehead and the neck.
00:19:01But these areas do not correspond to the brightest regions that appear on thermal cameras.
00:19:08Did you know that you are a little taller in the morning than late in the day?
00:19:11Yes, I measured you.
00:19:13Joke aside, this size difference is related to gravity.
00:19:17Its force compresses the cartilage of your spine and your knees
00:19:20when you get up or sit down.
00:19:23But when you are lying down, your spine contracts and stretches.
00:19:28This is why, when you wake up after a long night of sleep, you are taller.
00:19:33But this size difference is quite negligible.
00:19:35So no need to organize a contest and open bets.
00:19:39A funny detail, when returning from a mission,
00:19:41astronauts are taller than they were when they left Earth.
00:19:45This is because of the absence of gravity on the ISS.
00:19:49But they do not keep this size all their lives after that.
00:19:51As soon as they set foot on Earth, they begin to find their normal size.
00:19:57Now let's go back to this organ we talked about earlier, the skin.
00:20:01Yes, the skin is an organ.
00:20:03In fact, it is the largest organ in your body.
00:20:06It represents about 15% of your body weight.
00:20:09And what does this organ do in addition to covering your body?
00:20:12It fulfills vital functions.
00:20:15For example, it protects you from external physical and biological damage.
00:20:19And it avoids excessive water loss.
00:20:23I can't help but wonder what other surprises the human body has in store for us.
00:20:27But for now, let's move on to the animal world.
00:20:31Bears do not have eyeglasses.
00:20:33Instead, they have eye tubes.
00:20:36Their eye-shaped rods do not move in their orbits as our eyes do.
00:20:40So they would have to move their entire body to look around them.
00:20:44But that would make too much noise.
00:20:47And other animals would hear them.
00:20:49Thanks to evolution, the owls have a neck that can rotate about 270 degrees.
00:20:54And without making the slightest noise.
00:20:56But what's the point?
00:20:58Well, night vision requires large corneas to capture as much light as possible.
00:21:02This is why most nocturnal animals, such as the loris or the tarsier, have large eyes.
00:21:09For the owls, it's a little different.
00:21:11As they have small heads, they can't have such large eyes.
00:21:16And although they don't have eyeglasses, they have three pairs of eyelids.
00:21:21One eyelid to blink, one to sleep, and the last to clean their eye tubes.
00:21:27Do owls think that's cool?
00:21:29Of course!
00:21:31We are now going to talk about a so-called twilight animal.
00:21:35Meow!
00:21:36Cats have a special organ that allows them to taste the smells in the air.
00:21:40This organ is called the Jacobson organ, or the nasolabial femoral organ.
00:21:45The Jacobson organ is located inside the cat's nasal cavity and opens on the palate, in the mouth.
00:21:51It is used to detect specific chemical substances thanks to nerves that lead directly to the brain.
00:21:56And these are not ordinary substances.
00:21:58The receptors of the Jacobson organ have a very special function.
00:22:03They capture substances that have no smell at all.
00:22:06In other words, cats can detect undetectable smells.
00:22:10But that's not all.
00:22:11The Jacobson organ increases their odour.
00:22:14For example, when kittens have to find their mother's milk.
00:22:18Imagine two kittens and four kittens.
00:22:21Kittens are able to distinguish their mother from the other kitten thanks to their odour.
00:22:26When you meet a person, you analyze their body language.
00:22:30Cats can analyze themselves by sniffing the head of their peers.
00:22:33They emit pheromones, and this substance usually takes a long time on an individual.
00:22:38For example, what the feline likes to eat or if it is in good health.
00:22:42They can even know if the other cat is happy or in a bad mood.
00:22:46All thanks to the Jacobson organ.
00:22:49Here is another fact about cats.
00:22:51Their muzzles have nerves that form a kind of pattern.
00:22:54We have digital prints, and cats have nasal prints.
00:22:58They can be used to identify them.
00:23:01So, Mr. Cat, did you break this vase?
00:23:03We found your prints on the crime scene.
00:23:06But we can make a deal.
00:23:07Tell us what you know about this dog and this DVD.
00:23:12Maybe you prefer dogs?
00:23:14Here is a myth that you probably know.
00:23:16Dogs are daltonians.
00:23:18But this is not the case.
00:23:20It is true that the range of colors they can detect is limited compared to the spectrum available to humans.
00:23:26They mainly perceive yellow, blue and purple tones.
00:23:30And they do not see our red, our green and our orange.
00:23:34And finally, the turtles.
00:23:36These creatures cannot leave their carapace and come back when they want to.
00:23:40In fact, they are completely attached to their carapace.
00:23:43It grows with them, like the human skin.
00:23:47The carapace of a turtle is made up of 50 bones.
00:23:50It includes a skeleton with a vertebral column and a thoracic cage.
00:23:54So they go on vacation with it.
00:23:56It's a bit like your camper van if you had to live in it all your life.
00:24:00The button on top of your cap is there only for aesthetic purposes.
00:24:04But did you know that this little thing has a name?
00:24:06Professionals in the United States call it a Squatcho.
00:24:09Its initial function was to hold together the four sides of the cap.
00:24:13But as the manufacture of these hats improved over time,
00:24:16the button became useless and the Squatcho simply disappeared.
00:24:20But the caps were no longer as pretty.
00:24:22Shortly after, the Squatcho came back.
00:24:24And I think he's here to stay.
00:24:26Originally, high-heeled shoes were not intended for gala and end-of-the-year parties.
00:24:31In the 10th century, riding a horse was quite difficult with flat-soled shoes.
00:24:35And the horsemen's feet were constantly slipping from the calves.
00:24:38The invention of high heels allowed to solve this problem.
00:24:41They held much better in the saddle thanks to them.
00:24:43And then they gained popularity.
00:24:45It didn't take long for them to become a fashion accessory to go out in the most elegant outfits.
00:24:50Important personalities no longer wanted to be seen in society with flat shoes.
00:24:55Riding a horse with high heels was a bit like owning a luxury sports car today.
00:25:00In the beginning, heels were mostly worn by men.
00:25:03But the ladies adopted this emblematic fashion as early as the 17th century.
00:25:06Since then, it is one of the greatest successes in history in terms of clothing style.
00:25:10In ancient Rome, the saddle was so precious that people even gave it the name white gold.
00:25:15With the torrid heat that reigned and especially the absence of refrigerators,
00:25:19its goal was to preserve food, mainly meat and fish.
00:25:23In addition, it made all these things much tastier.
00:25:26Sal, which means salt in Latin, was also used in exchange for money to pay the workers.
00:25:32And that's where the word salary comes from.
00:25:34Rice is the oldest food cultivated in the history of humanity.
00:25:37It was, about 15,000 years ago, a wild herb from a small valley in Southeast Asia.
00:25:43Today, it is used all over the world as a staple food and 3.5 billion people eat it regularly.
00:25:50It is difficult to imagine a world without these video calls that you pass through the camera of your phone or your computer.
00:25:56This technology has allowed innovations that have changed our lives, such as working from home.
00:26:01However, at the beginning, video calls were not at all intended for the use we make of them today.
00:26:06This technology was introduced to find out if there was still coffee left in the coffee maker.
00:26:11In 1993, researchers from the University of Cambridge, frustrated to always find that their coffee maker was empty
00:26:17when they wanted to take a coffee break, decided to find a solution.
00:26:21They therefore invented a coffee maker monitoring device by connecting a camera
00:26:25that transmitted a real-time image to their computers.
00:26:28Thanks to these researchers, we can now work in pajamas.
00:26:31We know several of Albert Einstein's discoveries.
00:26:34But there is something you probably haven't heard of.
00:26:38With one of his students, he invented a modified refrigerator.
00:26:41It has nothing to do with what we use.
00:26:44In the 1920s, refrigerators were not very safe.
00:26:46Because they produced toxic gases.
00:26:48He wanted to create a less dangerous version, which would not require electricity,
00:26:52without mobile parts, and which would only need a source of heat to work.
00:26:56Unfortunately, they did not manage to raise the necessary funds, and the project fell through.
00:27:01In the 1950s, electric refrigerators became popular.
00:27:05But in 2008, engineers from the University of Oxford decided to take a second look at this invention.
00:27:11They are still working on it, but once they have finished,
00:27:14the Einstein refrigerator will be very useful in rural areas without electricity,
00:27:19and for those who want to live far from everything.
00:27:21The QWERTY keyboard model, which is widespread in many countries, is not the easiest to use.
00:27:26In the 1870s, Christopher Charles invented a keyboard
00:27:30designed to make typing twice as fast.
00:27:33But by placing the most commonly used letters next to each other,
00:27:36typing became a little too fast, and the machines were constantly stuck.
00:27:40He therefore developed the QWERTY model.
00:27:42This forced the dactylos to type more slowly.
00:27:45They had to first look for the letter, then type it with their index.
00:27:48This keyboard is still in use today, and people have gotten used to it.
00:27:52The plastic end of your lace is called an eagle, and has been used since ancient Rome.
00:27:57Of course, there was no plastic at the time,
00:28:00so these eagles were made of stone, glass or metal.
00:28:04The richest people could, if they wanted,
00:28:07decorate their shoes with precious metals such as brass or silver.
00:28:11What came first, television or remote control?
00:28:14Well, know that the technology that allows the operation of remote controls
00:28:18is several decades older.
00:28:20In 1898, Nikola Tesla created a machine
00:28:24to control remote devices using radio waves.
00:28:27And to sell his invention, he made a remote-controlled boat model.
00:28:31But it did not interest anyone.
00:28:34It was ahead of its time.
00:28:36Tesla finally started using remote controls for televisions in 1956.
00:28:41The engineer Percy Spencer accidentally invented something great in 1945.
00:28:46He was working on a new vacuum tube, the Magnetron,
00:28:49which was to be used on radar systems.
00:28:52While working on his project,
00:28:54he noticed that the chocolate he had in his pocket had melted.
00:28:57Realizing that the Magnetron had the ability to heat food,
00:29:00he did a test with corn, and he got popcorn.
00:29:03He then tried to test it with eggs,
00:29:05but things did not go very well.
00:29:07So he built a metal box,
00:29:09and the first microwave oven was born.
00:29:12In 1733, an English duke asked William Kent, an architect,
00:29:17to make him a means of transport for his children.
00:29:20William built the very first pushcart,
00:29:22but no one was supposed to push it.
00:29:24Without a handle, it looked like a cart
00:29:26and was pulled by a goat or a little pony.
00:29:29A very small number of these pushcarts were made at the time,
00:29:32because they were expensive.
00:29:33More than 100 years later, in 1848,
00:29:36the first pushcart with handles was invented
00:29:38and put on the market at an affordable price.
00:29:41We often associate, because of the movies,
00:29:43the policemen and the baths.
00:29:44And there is actually a reason for that.
00:29:46In the 1950s, in the United States,
00:29:48agents who worked at night
00:29:50often had trouble finding an open space
00:29:52to pay for a small midnight snack.
00:29:54At that time, bath shops were family businesses.
00:29:57They worked hard all night,
00:29:59making fresh baths to sell the next day.
00:30:01And as these shops were often victims of robberies,
00:30:04a relationship that still persists was then created.
00:30:07The policemen had something delicious to put under their teeth
00:30:10and the bath makers felt safe during the night.
00:30:13Breaking bubble wrap is really a relaxing activity.
00:30:16And of course, this material is also very useful
00:30:19to protect fragile objects.
00:30:21In 1957, two engineers had fun
00:30:23gluing together two shower curtains
00:30:25by imprisoning the air bubbles between the two surfaces.
00:30:28This is how the first bubble wrap was made.
00:30:31But what they were trying to invent
00:30:33was a new type of bubble wrap.
00:30:35Unfortunately, their product was not successful on the market.
00:30:38Some time later, they tried to sell it
00:30:40as insulation for the greenhouse.
00:30:42And once again, they failed.
00:30:44Everything changed in 1960,
00:30:46when IBM began to ship very fragile computer parts.
00:30:49Bubble wrap was perfect,
00:30:51and it still collaborates to this day.
00:30:53Today, we use card applications
00:30:55available on our phones to navigate,
00:30:57but back then, we had no choice
00:30:59but to use paper cards.
00:31:01And the competition in this industry was fierce,
00:31:03to the point that the cartographers
00:31:05drew ghost agglomerations
00:31:07to prevent their rivals from copying their cards.
00:31:09These false cities were called copyright traps.
00:31:11However, one of these cities became real.
00:31:13Hagelow, in the state of New York,
00:31:15was invented as a trap by General Drafting Co.
00:31:17Shortly after, another cartographer
00:31:19inscribed this city on his own card
00:31:21without suspecting that it would be taken.
00:31:23But during the trial,
00:31:25in 1950, a grocery store was set up in this place.
00:31:27And its owner,
00:31:29assuming that Hagelow really existed,
00:31:31decided to give this name to his store.
00:31:33Suddenly, there were no more copyright violations,
00:31:35because, technically,
00:31:37the city of Hagelow was indeed real.
00:31:39In 1943, Vesta Stout,
00:31:41originally from Illinois,
00:31:43worked to consolidate the packages.
00:31:45She didn't like the paper adhesive tape
00:31:47because it quickly degraded
00:31:49when it was wet.
00:31:51She therefore asked her boss
00:31:53to make an impermeable adhesive tape.
00:31:55But her proposal was rejected.
00:31:57However, she decided to write a letter
00:31:59to President Roosevelt
00:32:01describing her idea
00:32:03to make a better adhesive tape.
00:32:05Not only did she explain her concept,
00:32:07but she also provided him with detailed drawings.
00:32:09He approved the idea
00:32:11and ordered that the new tape
00:32:13be imposed in the post offices.
00:32:15It was so useful for the transport of goods
00:32:17that everyone wanted it,
00:32:19and it began to be sold in every grocery store.
00:32:21At the airport,
00:32:23you are usually asked
00:32:25to take your laptop out of your backpack
00:32:27and put it in a separate bin
00:32:29while you pass security check.
00:32:31Laptops are dense
00:32:33and X-rays can't see through.
00:32:35So you could hide
00:32:37something dangerous in there.
00:32:39If it's taken out and put aside
00:32:41in a separate bin,
00:32:43it's easier to see through.
00:32:45But if you put it in your backpack
00:32:47and put it in the bin,
00:32:49it's easier for scanners
00:32:51to detect potential danger.
00:32:53Normally,
00:32:55the messages you send with e-messages are blue.
00:32:57But look, this time it's green.
00:32:59Don't panic.
00:33:01It's not like the user blocked you or anything.
00:33:03You just sent a normal SMS
00:33:05and not an e-message.
00:33:07E-messages can only be sent
00:33:09to people who own an Apple device.
00:33:11So if the recipient doesn't have one,
00:33:13they will all be green.
00:33:15Another reason why your phone
00:33:17is not connected to the Internet
00:33:19is that you can't choose an SMS.
00:33:21E-messages go through the web
00:33:23and SMSes use a cellular signal.
00:33:25The sockets you insert
00:33:27in your devices
00:33:29are equipped with small plastic rings
00:33:31that separate different sections.
00:33:33These sections are called brushes
00:33:35and each of them has a different function.
00:33:37Each card will have at least one plastic ring
00:33:39because each socket must be separated
00:33:41into at least two brushes.
00:33:43One of them is there to cancel
00:33:45one interference and the other
00:33:47to transport the signal.
00:33:49If, for example, your headphones have
00:33:51one ring and two sections,
00:33:53they work in mono.
00:33:55They deliver the same sound
00:33:57to your right ear and your left ear.
00:33:59If there are two rings and three parts,
00:34:01then there is the base ring
00:34:03to cancel the interferences
00:34:05and the other two for each ear.
00:34:07Three rings and four sections
00:34:09means you have a set.
00:34:11One for each ear
00:34:13and one for each headphone.
00:34:15I bet you've never noticed
00:34:17but all credit cards,
00:34:19regardless of the bank
00:34:21or country they come from,
00:34:23are exactly the same size.
00:34:25The very first credit card
00:34:27was issued in 1958
00:34:29by the Bank of America
00:34:31and then the international standard
00:34:33was established so that
00:34:35emitters all over the world
00:34:37do the same.
00:34:39The standard dictates both
00:34:41the sound and the quality of the sound.
00:34:43The standard dictates both
00:34:45the sound and the quality of the sound.
00:34:47The standard dictates both
00:34:49the sound and the quality of the sound.
00:34:51The standard dictates both
00:34:53the sound and the quality of the sound.
00:34:55The standard dictates both
00:34:57the sound and the quality of the sound.
00:34:59The standard dictates both
00:35:01the sound and the quality of the sound.
00:35:03The standard dictates both
00:35:05the sound and the quality of the sound.
00:35:07The standard dictates both
00:35:09the sound and the quality of the sound.
00:35:11The standard dictates both
00:35:13the sound and the quality of the sound.
00:35:15The standard dictates both
00:35:17the sound and the quality of the sound.
00:35:19The standard dictates both
00:35:21the sound and the quality of the sound.
00:35:23The standard dictates both
00:35:25the sound and the quality of the sound.
00:35:27The standard dictates both
00:35:29the sound and the quality of the sound.
00:35:31The standard dictates both
00:35:33the sound and the quality of the sound.
00:35:35The standard dictates both
00:35:37the sound and the quality of the sound.
00:35:39The standard dictates both
00:35:41the sound and the quality of the sound.
00:35:43The standard dictates both
00:35:45the sound and the quality of the sound.
00:35:47The standard dictates both
00:35:49the sound and the quality of the sound.
00:35:51The standard dictates both
00:35:53the sound and the quality of the sound.
00:35:55The standard dictates both
00:35:57the sound and the quality of the sound.
00:35:59The standard dictates both
00:36:01the sound and the quality of the sound.
00:36:03The standard dictates both
00:36:05the sound and the quality of the sound.
00:36:07The standard dictates both
00:36:09the sound and the quality of the sound.
00:36:11The standard dictates both
00:36:13the sound and the quality of the sound.
00:36:15The standard dictates both
00:36:17the sound and the quality of the sound.
00:36:19The standard dictates both
00:36:21the sound and the quality of the sound.
00:36:23The standard dictates both
00:36:25the sound and the quality of the sound.
00:36:27The standard dictates both
00:36:29the sound and the quality of the sound.
00:36:31The standard dictates both
00:36:33the sound and the quality of the sound.
00:36:35The standard dictates both
00:36:37the sound and the quality of the sound.
00:36:39The standard dictates both
00:36:41the sound and the quality of the sound.
00:36:43The standard dictates both
00:36:45the sound and the quality of the sound.
00:36:47The standard dictates both
00:36:49the sound and the quality of the sound.
00:36:51The standard dictates both
00:36:53the sound and the quality of the sound.
00:36:55The standard dictates both
00:36:57the sound and the quality of the sound.
00:36:59The standard dictates both
00:37:01the sound and the quality of the sound.
00:37:03The standard dictates both
00:37:05the sound and the quality of the sound.
00:37:07The standard dictates both
00:37:09the sound and the quality of the sound.
00:37:11The standard dictates both
00:37:13the sound and the quality of the sound.
00:37:15The standard dictates both
00:37:17the sound and the quality of the sound.
00:37:19The standard dictates both
00:37:21the sound and the quality of the sound.
00:37:23The standard dictates both
00:37:25the sound and the quality of the sound.
00:37:27The standard dictates both
00:37:29the sound and the quality of the sound.
00:37:31The standard dictates both
00:37:33the sound and the quality of the sound.
00:37:35The standard dictates both
00:37:37the sound and the quality of the sound.
00:37:39The standard dictates both
00:37:41the sound and the quality of the sound.
00:37:43The standard dictates both
00:37:45the sound and the quality of the sound.
00:37:47The standard dictates both
00:37:49the sound and the quality of the sound.
00:37:51The standard dictates both
00:37:53the sound and the quality of the sound.
00:37:55The standard dictates both
00:37:57the sound and the quality of the sound.
00:37:59The standard dictates both
00:38:01the sound and the quality of the sound.
00:38:03The standard dictates both
00:38:05the sound and the quality of the sound.
00:38:07The standard dictates both
00:38:09the sound and the quality of the sound.
00:38:11The standard dictates both
00:38:13the sound and the quality of the sound.
00:38:15The standard dictates both
00:38:17the sound and the quality of the sound.
00:38:19The standard dictates both
00:38:21the sound and the quality of the sound.
00:38:23The standard dictates both
00:38:25the sound and the quality of the sound.
00:38:27The standard dictates both
00:38:29the sound and the quality of the sound.
00:38:31The standard dictates both
00:38:33the sound and the quality of the sound.
00:38:35The standard dictates both
00:38:37the sound and the quality of the sound.
00:38:39The standard dictates both
00:38:41the sound and the quality of the sound.
00:38:43The standard dictates both
00:38:45the sound and the quality of the sound.
00:38:47The standard dictates both
00:38:49the sound and the quality of the sound.
00:38:51The standard dictates both
00:38:53the sound and the quality of the sound.
00:38:55The standard dictates both
00:38:57the sound and the quality of the sound.
00:38:59The standard dictates both
00:39:01the sound and the quality of the sound.
00:39:03The standard dictates both
00:39:05the sound and the quality of the sound.
00:39:07The standard dictates both
00:39:09the sound and the quality of the sound.
00:39:11The standard dictates both
00:39:13the sound and the quality of the sound.
00:39:15The standard dictates both
00:39:17the sound and the quality of the sound.
00:39:19The standard dictates both
00:39:21the sound and the quality of the sound.
00:39:23The standard dictates both
00:39:25the sound and the quality of the sound.
00:39:27The standard dictates both
00:39:29the sound and the quality of the sound.
00:39:31The standard dictates both
00:39:33the sound and the quality of the sound.
00:39:35The standard dictates both
00:39:37the sound and the quality of the sound.
00:39:39The standard dictates both
00:39:41the sound and the quality of the sound.
00:39:43The standard dictates both
00:39:45the sound and the quality of the sound.
00:39:47The standard dictates both
00:39:49the sound and the quality of the sound.
00:39:51The standard dictates both
00:39:53the sound and the quality of the sound.
00:39:55The standard dictates both
00:39:57the sound and the quality of the sound.
00:39:59The standard dictates both
00:40:01the sound and the quality of the sound.
00:40:03The standard dictates both
00:40:05the sound and the quality of the sound.
00:40:07The standard dictates both
00:40:09the sound and the quality of the sound.
00:40:11The standard dictates both
00:40:13the sound and the quality of the sound.
00:40:15The standard dictates both
00:40:17the sound and the quality of the sound.
00:40:19The standard dictates both
00:40:21the sound and the quality of the sound.
00:40:23The standard dictates both
00:40:25the sound and the quality of the sound.
00:40:27The standard dictates both
00:40:29the sound and the quality of the sound.
00:40:31The standard dictates both
00:40:33the sound and the quality of the sound.
00:40:35The standard dictates both
00:40:37the sound and the quality of the sound.
00:40:39The standard dictates both
00:40:41the sound and the quality of the sound.
00:40:43The standard dictates both
00:40:45the sound and the quality of the sound.
00:40:47The standard dictates both
00:40:49the sound and the quality of the sound.
00:40:51The standard dictates both
00:40:53the sound and the quality of the sound.
00:40:55The standard dictates both
00:40:57the sound and the quality of the sound.
00:40:59The standard dictates both
00:41:01the sound and the quality of the sound.
00:41:03The standard dictates both
00:41:05the sound and the quality of the sound.
00:41:07The standard dictates both
00:41:09the sound and the quality of the sound.
00:41:11The standard dictates both
00:41:13the sound and the quality of the sound.
00:41:15The standard dictates both
00:41:17the sound and the quality of the sound.
00:41:19The standard dictates both
00:41:21the sound and the quality of the sound.
00:41:23The standard dictates both
00:41:25the sound and the quality of the sound.
00:41:27The standard dictates both
00:41:29the sound and the quality of the sound.
00:41:31The standard dictates both
00:41:33the sound and the quality of the sound.
00:41:35The standard dictates both
00:41:37the sound and the quality of the sound.
00:41:39The standard dictates both
00:41:41the sound and the quality of the sound.
00:41:43The standard dictates both
00:41:45the sound and the quality of the sound.
00:41:47The standard dictates both
00:41:49the sound and the quality of the sound.
00:41:51The standard dictates both
00:41:53the sound and the quality of the sound.
00:41:55The standard dictates both
00:41:57the sound and the quality of the sound.
00:41:59The standard dictates both
00:42:01the sound and the quality of the sound.
00:42:03The standard dictates both
00:42:05the sound and the quality of the sound.
00:42:07The standard dictates both
00:42:09the sound and the quality of the sound.
00:42:11The standard dictates both
00:42:13the sound and the quality of the sound.
00:42:15The standard dictates both
00:42:17the sound and the quality of the sound.
00:42:19The standard dictates both
00:42:21the sound and the quality of the sound.
00:42:23The standard dictates both
00:42:25the sound and the quality of the sound.
00:42:27The standard dictates both
00:42:29the sound and the quality of the sound.
00:42:31The standard dictates both
00:42:33the sound and the quality of the sound.
00:42:35The standard dictates both
00:42:37the sound and the quality of the sound.
00:42:39The standard dictates both
00:42:41the sound and the quality of the sound.
00:42:43The standard dictates both
00:42:45the sound and the quality of the sound.
00:42:47The standard dictates both
00:42:49the sound and the quality of the sound.
00:42:51The standard dictates both
00:42:53the sound and the quality of the sound.
00:42:55The standard dictates both
00:42:57the sound and the quality of the sound.
00:42:59The standard dictates both
00:43:01the sound and the quality of the sound.
00:43:03The standard dictates both
00:43:05the sound and the quality of the sound.
00:43:07The standard dictates both
00:43:09the sound and the quality of the sound.
00:43:11The standard dictates both
00:43:13the sound and the quality of the sound.
00:43:15The standard dictates both
00:43:17the sound and the quality of the sound.
00:43:19The standard dictates both
00:43:21the sound and the quality of the sound.
00:43:23The standard dictates both
00:43:25the sound and the quality of the sound.
00:43:27The standard dictates both
00:43:29the sound and the quality of the sound.
00:43:31The standard dictates both
00:43:33the sound and the quality of the sound.
00:43:35The standard dictates both
00:43:37the sound and the quality of the sound.
00:43:39The standard dictates both
00:43:41the sound and the quality of the sound.
00:43:43The standard dictates both
00:43:45the sound and the quality of the sound.
00:43:47The standard dictates both
00:43:49the sound and the quality of the sound.
00:43:51The standard dictates both
00:43:53the sound and the quality of the sound.
00:43:55The standard dictates both
00:43:57the sound and the quality of the sound.
00:43:59The standard dictates both
00:44:01the sound and the quality of the sound.
00:44:03The standard dictates both
00:44:05the sound and the quality of the sound.
00:44:07The standard dictates both
00:44:09the sound and the quality of the sound.
00:44:11The standard dictates both
00:44:13the sound and the quality of the sound.
00:44:15The standard dictates both
00:44:17the sound and the quality of the sound.
00:44:19The standard dictates both
00:44:21the sound and the quality of the sound.
00:44:23The standard dictates both
00:44:25the sound and the quality of the sound.
00:44:27The standard dictates both
00:44:29the sound and the quality of the sound.
00:44:31The standard dictates both
00:44:33the sound and the quality of the sound.
00:44:35The standard dictates both
00:44:37the sound and the quality of the sound.
00:44:39The standard dictates both
00:44:41the sound and the quality of the sound.
00:44:43The standard dictates both
00:44:45the sound and the quality of the sound.
00:44:47The standard dictates both
00:44:49the sound and the quality of the sound.
00:44:51The standard dictates both
00:44:53the sound and the quality of the sound.
00:44:55The standard dictates both
00:44:57the sound and the quality of the sound.
00:44:59The standard dictates both
00:45:01the sound and the quality of the sound.
00:45:03The standard dictates both
00:45:05the sound and the quality of the sound.
00:45:07The standard dictates both
00:45:09the sound and the quality of the sound.
00:45:11The standard dictates both
00:45:13the sound and the quality of the sound.
00:45:15The standard dictates both
00:45:17the sound and the quality of the sound.
00:45:19The standard dictates both
00:45:21the sound and the quality of the sound.
00:45:23The standard dictates both
00:45:25the sound and the quality of the sound.
00:45:27The standard dictates both
00:45:29the sound and the quality of the sound.
00:45:31The standard dictates both
00:45:33the sound and the quality of the sound.
00:45:35The standard dictates both
00:45:37the sound and the quality of the sound.
00:45:39The standard dictates both
00:45:41the sound and the quality of the sound.
00:45:43The standard dictates both
00:45:45the sound and the quality of the sound.
00:45:47The standard dictates both
00:45:49the sound and the quality of the sound.
00:45:51The standard dictates both
00:45:53the sound and the quality of the sound.
00:45:55The standard dictates both
00:45:57the sound and the quality of the sound.
00:45:59The standard dictates both
00:46:01the sound and the quality of the sound.
00:46:03The standard dictates both
00:46:05the sound and the quality of the sound.
00:46:07The standard dictates both
00:46:09the sound and the quality of the sound.
00:46:11The standard dictates both
00:46:13the sound and the quality of the sound.
00:46:15The standard dictates both
00:46:17the sound and the quality of the sound.
00:46:19The standard dictates both
00:46:21the sound and the quality of the sound.
00:46:23The standard dictates both
00:46:25the sound and the quality of the sound.
00:46:27The standard dictates both
00:46:29the sound and the quality of the sound.
00:46:31The standard dictates both
00:46:33the sound and the quality of the sound.
00:46:35The standard dictates both
00:46:37the sound and the quality of the sound.
00:46:39The standard dictates both
00:46:41the sound and the quality of the sound.
00:46:43The standard dictates both
00:46:45the sound and the quality of the sound.
00:46:47The standard dictates both
00:46:49the sound and the quality of the sound.
00:46:51The standard dictates both
00:46:53the sound and the quality of the sound.
00:46:55The standard dictates both
00:46:57the sound and the quality of the sound.
00:46:59The standard dictates both
00:47:01the sound and the quality of the sound.
00:47:03The standard dictates both
00:47:05the sound and the quality of the sound.
00:47:07The standard dictates both
00:47:09the sound and the quality of the sound.
00:47:11The standard dictates both
00:47:13the sound and the quality of the sound.
00:47:15The standard dictates both
00:47:17the sound and the quality of the sound.
00:47:19The standard dictates both
00:47:21the sound and the quality of the sound.
00:47:23The standard dictates both
00:47:25the sound and the quality of the sound.
00:47:27The standard dictates both
00:47:29the sound and the quality of the sound.
00:47:31The standard dictates both
00:47:33the sound and the quality of the sound.
00:47:35The standard dictates both
00:47:37the sound and the quality of the sound.
00:47:39The standard dictates both
00:47:41the sound and the quality of the sound.
00:47:43The standard dictates both
00:47:45the sound and the quality of the sound.
00:47:47The standard dictates both
00:47:49the sound and the quality of the sound.
00:47:51The standard dictates both
00:47:53the sound and the quality of the sound.
00:47:55The standard dictates both
00:47:57the sound and the quality of the sound.
00:47:59The standard dictates both
00:48:01the sound and the quality of the sound.
00:48:03The standard dictates both
00:48:05the sound and the quality of the sound.
00:48:07The standard dictates both
00:48:09the sound and the quality of the sound.
00:48:11The standard dictates both
00:48:13the sound and the quality of the sound.
00:48:15The standard dictates both
00:48:17the sound and the quality of the sound.
00:48:19The standard dictates both
00:48:21the sound and the quality of the sound.
00:48:23The standard dictates both
00:48:25the sound and the quality of the sound.
00:48:27The standard dictates both
00:48:29the sound and the quality of the sound.
00:48:31The standard dictates both
00:48:33the sound and the quality of the sound.
00:48:35The standard dictates both
00:48:37the sound and the quality of the sound.
00:48:39The standard dictates both
00:48:41the sound and the quality of the sound.
00:48:43The standard dictates both
00:48:45the sound and the quality of the sound.
00:48:47The standard dictates both
00:48:49the sound and the quality of the sound.
00:48:51The standard dictates both
00:48:53the sound and the quality of the sound.
00:48:55The standard dictates both
00:48:57the sound and the quality of the sound.
00:48:59The standard dictates both
00:49:01the sound and the quality of the sound.
00:49:03The standard dictates both
00:49:05the sound and the quality of the sound.
00:49:07The standard dictates both
00:49:09the sound and the quality of the sound.
00:49:11The standard dictates both
00:49:13the sound and the quality of the sound.
00:49:15The standard dictates both
00:49:17the sound and the quality of the sound.
00:49:19The standard dictates both
00:49:21the sound and the quality of the sound.
00:49:23The standard dictates both
00:49:25the sound and the quality of the sound.
00:49:27The standard dictates both
00:49:29the sound and the quality of the sound.
00:49:31The standard dictates both
00:49:33the sound and the quality of the sound.
00:49:35The standard dictates both
00:49:37the sound and the quality of the sound.
00:49:39The standard dictates both
00:49:41the sound and the quality of the sound.
00:49:43The standard dictates both
00:49:45the sound and the quality of the sound.
00:49:47The standard dictates both
00:49:49the sound and the quality of the sound.
00:49:51The standard dictates both
00:49:53the sound and the quality of the sound.
00:49:55The standard dictates both
00:49:57the sound and the quality of the sound.
00:49:59The standard dictates both
00:50:01the sound and the quality of the sound.
00:50:03The standard dictates both
00:50:05the sound and the quality of the sound.
00:50:07The standard dictates both
00:50:09the sound and the quality of the sound.
00:50:11The standard dictates both
00:50:13the sound and the quality of the sound.
00:50:15The standard dictates both
00:50:17the sound and the quality of the sound.
00:50:19The standard dictates both
00:50:21the sound and the quality of the sound.
00:50:23The standard dictates both
00:50:25the sound and the quality of the sound.
00:50:27The standard dictates both
00:50:29the sound and the quality of the sound.
00:50:31The standard dictates both
00:50:33the sound and the quality of the sound.
00:50:35The standard dictates both
00:50:37the sound and the quality of the sound.
00:50:39The standard dictates both
00:50:41the sound and the quality of the sound.
00:50:43The standard dictates both
00:50:45the sound and the quality of the sound.
00:50:47The standard dictates both
00:50:49the sound and the quality of the sound.
00:50:51The standard dictates both
00:50:53the sound and the quality of the sound.
00:50:55The standard dictates both
00:50:57the sound and the quality of the sound.
00:50:59The standard dictates both
00:51:01the sound and the quality of the sound.
00:51:03The standard dictates both
00:51:05the sound and the quality of the sound.
00:51:07The standard dictates both
00:51:09the sound and the quality of the sound.
00:51:11The standard dictates both
00:51:13the sound and the quality of the sound.
00:51:15The standard dictates both
00:51:17the sound and the quality of the sound.
00:51:19The standard dictates both
00:51:21the sound and the quality of the sound.
00:51:23The standard dictates both
00:51:25the sound and the quality of the sound.
00:51:27The standard dictates both
00:51:29the sound and the quality of the sound.
00:51:31The standard dictates both
00:51:33the sound and the quality of the sound.
00:51:35The standard dictates both
00:51:37the sound and the quality of the sound.
00:51:39The standard dictates both
00:51:41the sound and the quality of the sound.
00:51:43The standard dictates both
00:51:45the sound and the quality of the sound.
00:51:47The standard dictates both
00:51:49the sound and the quality of the sound.
00:51:51The standard dictates both
00:51:53the sound and the quality of the sound.
00:51:55The standard dictates both
00:51:57the sound and the quality of the sound.
00:51:59The standard dictates both
00:52:01the sound and the quality of the sound.
00:52:03The standard dictates both
00:52:05the sound and the quality of the sound.
00:52:07The standard dictates both
00:52:09the sound and the quality of the sound.
00:52:11The standard dictates both
00:52:13the sound and the quality of the sound.
00:52:15The standard dictates both
00:52:17the sound and the quality of the sound.
00:52:19The standard dictates both
00:52:21the sound and the quality of the sound.
00:52:23The standard dictates both
00:52:25the sound and the quality of the sound.
00:52:27The standard dictates both
00:52:29the sound and the quality of the sound.
00:52:31The standard dictates both
00:52:33the sound and the quality of the sound.
00:52:35The standard dictates both
00:52:37the sound and the quality of the sound.
00:52:39The standard dictates both
00:52:41the sound and the quality of the sound.
00:52:43The standard dictates both
00:52:45the sound and the quality of the sound.
00:52:47The standard dictates both
00:52:49the sound and the quality of the sound.
00:52:51The standard dictates both
00:52:53the sound and the quality of the sound.
00:52:55The standard dictates both
00:52:57the sound and the quality of the sound.
00:52:59The standard dictates both
00:53:01the sound and the quality of the sound.
00:53:03The standard dictates both
00:53:05the sound and the quality of the sound.
00:53:07The standard dictates both
00:53:09the sound and the quality of the sound.
00:53:11The standard dictates both
00:53:13the sound and the quality of the sound.
00:53:15The standard dictates both
00:53:17the sound and the quality of the sound.
00:53:19The standard dictates both
00:53:21the sound and the quality of the sound.
00:53:23The standard dictates both
00:53:25the sound and the quality of the sound.
00:53:27The standard dictates both
00:53:29the sound and the quality of the sound.
00:53:31The standard dictates both
00:53:33the sound and the quality of the sound.
00:53:35The standard dictates both
00:53:37the sound and the quality of the sound.
00:53:39The standard dictates both
00:53:41the sound and the quality of the sound.
00:53:43The standard dictates both
00:53:45the sound and the quality of the sound.
00:53:47The standard dictates both
00:53:49the sound and the quality of the sound.
00:53:51The standard dictates both
00:53:53the sound and the quality of the sound.
00:53:55The standard dictates both
00:53:57the sound and the quality of the sound.
00:53:59The standard dictates both
00:54:01the sound and the quality of the sound.
00:54:03The standard dictates both
00:54:05the sound and the quality of the sound.
00:54:07The standard dictates both
00:54:09the sound and the quality of the sound.
00:54:11The standard dictates both
00:54:13the sound and the quality of the sound.
00:54:15The standard dictates both
00:54:17the sound and the quality of the sound.
00:54:19The standard dictates both
00:54:21the sound and the quality of the sound.
00:54:23The standard dictates both
00:54:25the sound and the quality of the sound.
00:54:27The standard dictates both
00:54:29the sound and the quality of the sound.
00:54:31The standard dictates both
00:54:33the sound and the quality of the sound.
00:54:35The standard dictates both
00:54:37the sound and the quality of the sound.
00:54:39The standard dictates both
00:54:41the sound and the quality of the sound.
00:54:43The standard dictates both
00:54:45the sound and the quality of the sound.
00:54:47The standard dictates both
00:54:49the sound and the quality of the sound.
00:54:51The standard dictates both
00:54:53the sound and the quality of the sound.
00:54:55The standard dictates both
00:54:57the sound and the quality of the sound.
00:54:59The standard dictates both
00:55:01the sound and the quality of the sound.
00:55:03The standard dictates both
00:55:05the sound and the quality of the sound.
00:55:07The standard dictates both
00:55:09the sound and the quality of the sound.
00:55:11The standard dictates both
00:55:13the sound and the quality of the sound.
00:55:15The standard dictates both
00:55:17the sound and the quality of the sound.
00:55:19The standard dictates both
00:55:21the sound and the quality of the sound.
00:55:23The standard dictates both
00:55:25the sound and the quality of the sound.
00:55:27The standard dictates both
00:55:29the sound and the quality of the sound.
00:55:31The standard dictates both
00:55:33the sound and the quality of the sound.
00:55:35The standard dictates both
00:55:37the sound and the quality of the sound.
00:55:39The standard dictates both
00:55:41the sound and the quality of the sound.
00:55:43The standard dictates both
00:55:45the sound and the quality of the sound.
00:55:47The standard dictates both
00:55:49the sound and the quality of the sound.
00:55:51The standard dictates both
00:55:53the sound and the quality of the sound.
00:55:55The standard dictates both
00:55:57the sound and the quality of the sound.
00:55:59The standard dictates both
00:56:01the sound and the quality of the sound.
00:56:03The standard dictates both
00:56:05the sound and the quality of the sound.
00:56:07The standard dictates both
00:56:09the sound and the quality of the sound.
00:56:11The standard dictates both
00:56:13the sound and the quality of the sound.
00:56:15The standard dictates both
00:56:17the sound and the quality of the sound.
00:56:19The standard dictates both
00:56:21the sound and the quality of the sound.
00:56:23The standard dictates both
00:56:25the sound and the quality of the sound.
00:56:27The standard dictates both
00:56:29the sound and the quality of the sound.
00:56:31The standard dictates both
00:56:33the sound and the quality of the sound.
00:56:35The standard dictates both
00:56:37the sound and the quality of the sound.
00:56:39The standard dictates both
00:56:41the sound and the quality of the sound.
00:56:43The standard dictates both
00:56:45the sound and the quality of the sound.
00:56:47The standard dictates both
00:56:49the sound and the quality of the sound.
00:56:51The standard dictates both
00:56:53the sound and the quality of the sound.
00:56:55The standard dictates both
00:56:57the sound and the quality of the sound.
00:56:59The standard dictates both
00:57:01the sound and the quality of the sound.
00:57:03The standard dictates both
00:57:05the sound and the quality of the sound.
00:57:07The standard dictates both
00:57:09the sound and the quality of the sound.
00:57:11The standard dictates both
00:57:13the sound and the quality of the sound.
00:57:15The standard dictates both
00:57:17the sound and the quality of the sound.
00:57:19The standard dictates both
00:57:21the sound and the quality of the sound.
00:57:23The standard dictates both
00:57:25the sound and the quality of the sound.
00:57:27The standard dictates both
00:57:29the sound and the quality of the sound.
00:57:31The standard dictates both
00:57:33the sound and the quality of the sound.
00:57:35The standard dictates both
00:57:37the sound and the quality of the sound.
00:57:39The standard dictates both
00:57:41the sound and the quality of the sound.
00:57:43The standard dictates both
00:57:45the sound and the quality of the sound.
00:57:47The standard dictates both
00:57:49the sound and the quality of the sound.
00:57:51The standard dictates both
00:57:53the sound and the quality of the sound.
00:57:55The standard dictates both
00:57:57the sound and the quality of the sound.
00:57:59The standard dictates both
00:58:01The standard dictates both
00:58:03The standard dictates both
00:58:05The standard dictates both
00:58:07The standard dictates both
00:58:09The standard dictates both
00:58:11The standard dictates both
00:58:13The standard dictates both
00:58:15The standard dictates both
00:58:17The standard dictates both
00:58:19The standard dictates both
00:58:21The standard dictates both
00:58:23The standard dictates both
00:58:25The standard dictates both
00:58:27The standard dictates both
00:58:29The standard dictates both
00:58:31The standard dictates both
00:58:33The standard dictates both
00:58:35The standard dictates both
00:58:37The standard dictates both
00:58:39The standard dictates both
00:58:41The standard dictates both
00:58:43The standard dictates both
00:58:45The standard dictates both
00:58:47The standard dictates both
00:58:49The standard dictates both
00:58:51The standard dictates both
00:58:53The standard dictates both
00:58:55The standard dictates both
00:58:57The standard dictates both
00:58:59The standard dictates both
00:59:01The standard dictates both
00:59:03The standard dictates both
00:59:05The standard dictates both
00:59:07The standard dictates both
00:59:09The standard dictates both
00:59:11The standard dictates both
00:59:13The standard dictates both
00:59:15The standard dictates both
00:59:17The standard dictates both
00:59:19The standard dictates both
00:59:21The standard dictates both
00:59:23The standard dictates both
00:59:25The standard dictates both
00:59:27The standard dictates both
00:59:29The standard dictates both
00:59:31The standard dictates both
00:59:33The standard dictates both
00:59:35The standard dictates both
00:59:37The standard dictates both
00:59:39The standard dictates both
00:59:41The standard dictates both
00:59:43The standard dictates both
00:59:45The standard dictates both
00:59:47The standard dictates both
00:59:49The standard dictates both
00:59:51The standard dictates both
00:59:53The standard dictates both
00:59:55The standard dictates both
00:59:57The standard dictates both
00:59:59The standard dictates both
01:00:01The standard dictates both
01:00:03The standard dictates both
01:00:05The standard dictates both
01:00:07The standard dictates both
01:00:09The standard dictates both
01:00:11The standard dictates both
01:00:13The standard dictates both
01:00:15The standard dictates both
01:00:17The standard dictates both
01:00:19The standard dictates both
01:00:21So imagine how it looks
01:00:25Pistolet shrimps are even more powerful than their cousins
01:00:28They close their claws at such a speed
01:00:30That a hot air bubble forms under the water
01:00:33The temperature of this bubble is extreme
01:00:36It reaches, in a moment's time
01:00:38The temperature of the sun
01:00:43To our knowledge, the oldest tree in the world
01:00:45Called Matusalem is 4700 years old
01:00:48It was still a young tree
01:00:50In the 20th century B.C.
01:00:54Dolphins sleep with half of their brains
01:00:56While the other half stays awake
01:01:00Horses have a heart, like everyone else
01:01:02But they also have organs
01:01:04Similar to the heart, under each foot
01:01:08They pump blood into their legs
01:01:10When the horse stands up
01:01:13Some subspecies of hippocampus
01:01:15Look like chameleons
01:01:17Not just because they change color
01:01:19But also because each eye
01:01:21Moves independently
01:01:25Other hippocampuses can't change color
01:01:27But they are born with a color
01:01:29That corresponds to their habitat
01:01:31Red for coral
01:01:33And green for algae, for example
01:01:37Flamingo babies are light gray
01:01:39The algae and seafood
01:01:41They feed on
01:01:43Contains substances called carotenoids
01:01:45Over time, flamingos
01:01:47Get this pink plumage
01:01:49It's the same substances
01:01:51In carrots
01:01:53And your skin can turn orange
01:01:55If you eat too much
01:01:57The black and white stripes
01:01:59Of zebras are not useful
01:02:01To hide them from predators
01:02:03But they help them avoid
01:02:05Dangerous insect bites
01:02:07Like the tsetse fly
01:02:09The fly sees the zebra
01:02:11But when it approaches
01:02:13The fly runs away
01:02:15According to a theory
01:02:17The zebra's black and white fur
01:02:19Creates an optical illusion
01:02:21That stuns the insects
01:02:23Thanks to their size
01:02:25And their excellent sight
01:02:27Giraffes see danger from afar
01:02:29Their heads act as a control tower
01:02:31And they warn other giraffes
01:02:33Of danger in a very strange way
01:02:35They emit a very serious whistling
01:02:37Seagulls can drink salty water
01:02:39They have glands
01:02:41Just next to their eyes
01:02:43This purifies the salty water very quickly
01:02:45And the salt residues come out of the nostrils
01:02:49The most improbable creature in the world
01:02:51Is probably the jellyfish
01:02:53It has no sensory organs
01:02:55Like our eyes, ears and nose
01:02:57It has no skeleton
01:02:59But the craziest thing is
01:03:01It has no heart or brain
01:03:03It is almost entirely composed of water
01:03:05That's why
01:03:07If you take a jellyfish out of the water
01:03:09It will melt
01:03:11There are jellyfish
01:03:13That are virtually immortal
01:03:15If they stay in a safe environment
01:03:19Lemurs have two eyes
01:03:21On the sides of the head
01:03:23Five on top of the shell
01:03:25Two near the mouth
01:03:27And one on the tail
01:03:29The latter has a photoreceptor function
01:03:31It absorbs light
01:03:33And allows the animal to know if it is day or night
01:03:35Hippos
01:03:37Do not take sun
01:03:39They produce their own sunscreen
01:03:41It's a kind of pink sweat
01:03:43That covers their whole body
01:03:45Kangaroo rats
01:03:47Can survive years without water
01:03:49And sometimes their whole life
01:03:51They live in extremely arid deserts
01:03:53And absorb all the water they need
01:03:55Thanks to the seeds and plants
01:03:57They feed on
01:03:59The green basil
01:04:01Has the incredible ability to walk on water
01:04:03First of all
01:04:05Its hind legs are provided with long fingers
01:04:07With excess skin that peels off in the water
01:04:11The surface that comes into contact with the water
01:04:13Is therefore ample
01:04:17Then the lizard starts to run
01:04:19Extremely fast
01:04:21Creating pockets of air
01:04:23That prevent it from sinking
01:04:27The pogon is nicknamed
01:04:29Firecracker
01:04:31When it swallows too much ostracode
01:04:33A type of zooplankton
01:04:35The small creatures begin to shine
01:04:37Inside the fish
01:04:39Because of their bioluminescence
01:04:41The pogon thus becomes more visible
01:04:43Even for predators
01:04:45And they spit out the ostracodes
01:04:47By creating this effect
01:04:49Of blue fireworks
01:04:53Opossums are immune
01:04:55Against snake venom
01:04:57The secret is a peptide
01:04:59To neutralize toxic substances
01:05:01That's why opossums
01:05:03Eat snakes
01:05:05The suricates have black spots
01:05:07Around the eyes
01:05:09They are not there simply to make them more adorable
01:05:11They also serve
01:05:13As natural glasses
01:05:15The black fur of the spots
01:05:17Block the sun
01:05:19And the suricates can thus
01:05:21Look at the sky
01:05:23The sentinel, the suricate
01:05:25That watches the surroundings
01:05:27To prevent the group in case of bird presence
01:05:29Or other predators
01:05:31Salmon are much better swimmers
01:05:33Than many divers
01:05:35But the competition is not balanced
01:05:39Salmon are spotted
01:05:41Thanks to the terrestrial magnetic field
01:05:45Dingoes have mobile handles
01:05:47Like humans
01:05:49It is useful if they have to climb a tree
01:05:51Catch food
01:05:53Or even open doors
01:05:55Sponge crabs
01:05:57Are the most stylish in the animal world
01:05:59They make hats
01:06:01From marine sponges
01:06:03These hats
01:06:05Protect them
01:06:07Allow them to camouflage
01:06:09And avoid predator bites
01:06:13Flying squirrels
01:06:15Shine under UV light
01:06:17And emit pink light
01:06:19They are able to absorb light
01:06:21And send it another color
01:06:25Left-handed people
01:06:27Are usually on the left side of shirts
01:06:29Because most people are right-handed
01:06:31Is it a myth or a reality?
01:06:33It is a reality
01:06:35Many products are made
01:06:37For right-handed people
01:06:39Left-handed people know it
01:06:41For example, in public transport
01:06:43Have you noticed that the scanner
01:06:45That validates your transport title
01:06:47Is usually on the right side
01:06:49And it is the same for everyday objects
01:06:51And household appliances
01:06:53All other items of the same type
01:06:55Are mainly designed for right-handed people
01:06:57The same goes for
01:06:59Shirt pockets
01:07:01Although some people use their two hands
01:07:03Indifferently or change their preference
01:07:05According to the task to be accomplished
01:07:07The vast majority of people are right-handed
01:07:09According to a study
01:07:1175 to 90% of the world population
01:07:13Would be right-handed
01:07:15And 10% only left-handed
01:07:17This means that having a pocket on the left side
01:07:19Rather than on the right side
01:07:21Is more practical for most people
01:07:23Do the experiment yourself
01:07:25You have to make an effort to reach your pocket
01:07:27Placed on the right side of your shirt
01:07:29On the other hand, your gesture is quite natural
01:07:31When it comes to looking for something
01:07:33In your left pocket
01:07:35Eating more protein
01:07:37Allows you to have bigger muscles
01:07:39What do you think?
01:07:41Myth or reality?
01:07:43It's a myth
01:07:45It is true that eating protein
01:07:47Is essential to have big muscles
01:07:49Proteins are in a way
01:07:51The building blocks of your body
01:07:53And yet
01:07:55Eating more than you need
01:07:57Is completely useless
01:07:59Everyone should drink
01:08:018 glasses of water per day
01:08:03Do you think it's a myth or a reality?
01:08:05It's a myth
01:08:07So don't blame yourself for drinking less water
01:08:09Than what is recommended
01:08:118 glasses is not a magical number
01:08:13The hydration needs differ from person to person
01:08:15The amount of water you have to drink every day
01:08:17Depends on your activity
01:08:19And your physical habits
01:08:21The temperature of the place where you live
01:08:23Also has an impact on your needs
01:08:25If you live in a hot region
01:08:27You sweat more
01:08:29And so you have to drink more water
01:08:31Soup, coffee, tea, fruit
01:08:33And other foods you eat daily
01:08:35Also contain water
01:08:37Carrots are rich in sugar
01:08:39So you should avoid eating them
01:08:41If it's true, we should warn rabbits
01:08:43What do you think?
01:08:45Is it a myth or a reality?
01:08:47It's a myth
01:08:49Carrots contain about 85% of water
01:08:51Half a kilo of cooked carrots
01:08:53Contains only 3 teaspoons of sugar
01:08:55Compared to the amount of sugar
01:08:57In your favorite desserts
01:08:59It's nothing
01:09:01In addition, carrots are rich in phytochemical compounds
01:09:03And eating them can help reduce glycemia
01:09:07People of the Middle Ages
01:09:09Believed that the earth was flat
01:09:11Is it a myth or a reality?
01:09:13Obviously, the flat earth is a myth
01:09:15But the story built around this myth is also
01:09:17We can't say that at that time
01:09:19The whole world doubted the spherical shape of the earth
01:09:21It made the same observations
01:09:23That we make today
01:09:25For example, people of the Middle Ages
01:09:27Could see, just like us
01:09:29That the sun's light at sunrise and sunset
01:09:31Forms an arc above the horizon
01:09:35Vikings wore helmets
01:09:37Is it a myth or a reality?
01:09:39The image is well known
01:09:41That there was a viking without his helmet
01:09:43But in reality
01:09:45There was no horn on their helmets
01:09:47We have not found any proof of this
01:09:49Detox juice purifies your body
01:09:51Is it a reality or a myth?
01:09:53It's a myth
01:09:55What we commonly call detox
01:09:57Doesn't work like that
01:09:59It's your internal organs
01:10:01That take charge of the cleaning process of your body
01:10:03The rat, the liver, the kidneys
01:10:05But especially the liver
01:10:07Your body purifies itself
01:10:09Permanently, in a natural way
01:10:11Nobody needs to drink juice
01:10:13To eliminate these toxins
01:10:15Walnuts are unhealthy
01:10:17What do you think?
01:10:19Myth or reality?
01:10:21You're right, it's a myth
01:10:23Walnuts are full of healthy fats
01:10:25They are excellent for your heart
01:10:27And your other organs
01:10:29Americans throw, on average
01:10:3138 kg of textile waste per year
01:10:33And per person
01:10:35Is it a reality or a myth?
01:10:37It's a reality
01:10:39Imagine all this waste
01:10:41When a person throws his clothes
01:10:43They don't simply volatilize
01:10:45All these articles are sent in huge discharges
01:10:47Giving these clothes
01:10:49Or reselling them in second-hand stores
01:10:51Is much more ecological
01:10:53You have probably already heard of these miraculous laundry tips
01:10:55That are supposed to make your clothes super clean
01:10:57And like new
01:10:59What if these laundry tips were just myths?
01:11:01Here are three
01:11:03Shirts must be buttoned
01:11:05When you put them in your machine
01:11:07Is it true?
01:11:09It's a myth
01:11:11It's better to keep the zipper closed
01:11:13So that their teeth don't stick to the fabric of your other clothes
01:11:15But buttoning a shirt
01:11:17Can dilate the buttonholes
01:11:19In the long run
01:11:21The buttons will start to slip
01:11:23And your shirt will be good to throw
01:11:25Washing your clothes in hot water
01:11:27Is the best way to clean them
01:11:29Is it a myth or a reality?
01:11:31It's still a myth
01:11:33But
01:11:35Hot water alone
01:11:37Won't be enough
01:11:39Nowadays, many detergents
01:11:41Are able to clean our clothes
01:11:43In cold or warm water
01:11:45You have to clean the buttonholes
01:11:47On the outside of the fabric
01:11:49Is it true?
01:11:51Most people apply water and soap
01:11:53Directly on the buttonhole
01:11:55Starting with the outside of the fabric
01:11:57But it's not the best solution
01:11:59It's better to start with the inside
01:12:01The buttonhole can sink deeper
01:12:03If you treat it from the outside
01:12:05Try to bring the buttonhole up to the surface
01:12:07Rather than pushing it inwards
01:12:11Listening to music is effective
01:12:13To learn a new language
01:12:15Is it a myth or a reality?
01:12:17It's a reality
01:12:19Scientists have declared that listening to a song
01:12:21And humming at the same time
01:12:23Can help us learn a language
01:12:25Many people have difficulties
01:12:27Learning grammar rules
01:12:29We don't always follow them
01:12:31Songs can help us
01:12:33Memorize common expressions
01:12:35Scientists have also claimed
01:12:37That music helps us remember
01:12:39New words and enrich our vocabulary
01:12:41Let me give you an example
01:12:43Do you remember your first year of school?
01:12:45Yes, the alphabet song
01:12:47Are you a morning person
01:12:49Or a night bird?
01:12:51In any case, you have to be aware
01:12:53Of the realities and myths
01:12:55Concerning sleep
01:12:57A person managed to stay awake
01:12:59For 11 days in a row
01:13:01Do you think it's possible
01:13:03Or is it an urban legend?
01:13:05It's a reality
01:13:07Randy Gardner set the record
01:13:09For the longest sleep
01:13:11It was a scientific experiment
01:13:13Conducted by Dr. William C. Demond
01:13:15Who studied sleep
01:13:17At Stanford University
01:13:19This doctor recorded and monitored
01:13:21Randy Gardner's sleep activity
01:13:23And Gardner managed to stay awake
01:13:25For 11 days and 25 minutes
01:13:27Your body gets used to less sleep
01:13:29Myth or reality?
01:13:31It's a myth
01:13:33Many studies prove
01:13:35That your body, and your brain in particular
01:13:37Can't get used to less sleep
01:13:39Did you notice that after a few nights
01:13:41Of insufficient sleep
01:13:43You started to feel more tired during the day?
01:13:45It's your body that tries to adapt
01:13:47To its lack of rest
01:13:49Long-term lack of sleep affects your performance
01:13:51Your concentration
01:13:53And your decision-making
01:13:55Many adults
01:13:57Only need 5 hours of sleep
01:13:59Or even less
01:14:01Is it true?
01:14:03It's easy, it's a myth
01:14:05National Sleep Foundation experts
01:14:07Recommend that adults sleep
01:14:09Between 7 and 9 hours per night
01:14:11Some people have a genetic mutation
01:14:13That allows them to fully wake up
01:14:15After a short night of sleep
01:14:17But these people are exceptions
01:14:191 in 4 million
01:14:21People who are able to sleep anywhere
01:14:23Or at any time
01:14:25Are said to be good sleepers
01:14:27What do you think? Myth or reality?
01:14:29It's a myth
01:14:31A good sleeper sleeps enough
01:14:33And has regular hours
01:14:35Cats spend 2 thirds of their lives sleeping
01:14:37Is it true in your opinion?
01:14:39You probably won't be surprised
01:14:41It's a reality
01:14:43So, did you manage to answer
01:14:45Most of these questions correctly?
01:14:47People find crazy ideas, don't they?
01:14:49I mean, candy on a stick?
01:14:51How did we get there?
01:14:53And why?
01:14:55And what about the English name
01:14:57Lollipop?
01:14:59Let's take a look at the history
01:15:01And the known information
01:15:03About this famous snack
01:15:05At first, it wasn't called Lollipop
01:15:07We'll come back to this name later
01:15:09But the first snack that looked like a lollipop
01:15:11Was probably invented
01:15:13By people who traveled the world
01:15:15Thousands of years ago
01:15:17And still lived in caves
01:15:19We know they loved honey
01:15:21And used a stick to collect it
01:15:23Remember, it was a time
01:15:25When people had very little resources
01:15:27About food
01:15:29Or anything else
01:15:31Since they didn't want to waste anything
01:15:33They probably ended up licking the stick
01:15:35To make sure they enjoyed
01:15:37Each drop of nectar
01:15:39Ancient Egyptians
01:15:41Also had their own snacks
01:15:43They would take various fruits and nuts
01:15:45And freeze them in honey
01:15:47Of course, it gave a better taste to food
01:15:49But it also kept them longer
01:15:51Thanks to its high sugar concentration
01:15:53Honey chases water from harmful cells
01:15:55That can damage food
01:15:57And make them rot faster
01:15:59To avoid having sticky fingers
01:16:01Because of the honey
01:16:03They also used a stick
01:16:05To eat these snacks
01:16:07Let's go back to the 1600s
01:16:09When sugar became much more accessible
01:16:11We now know that English people
01:16:13Loved hard-sugar snacks
01:16:15And would stick them on sticks
01:16:17Which made them easier to eat
01:16:19It was probably at this time
01:16:21That the term lollipop appeared
01:16:23Linguists think
01:16:25They were trying to designate
01:16:27The slapping of the tongue
01:16:29How so?
01:16:31Well, for the word tongue
01:16:33We often use the word lolly
01:16:35In northern England
01:16:37And pop means slap
01:16:39It all started in 1912
01:16:41When a man named Samuel Born
01:16:43Invented a device
01:16:45To stick sticks in candy
01:16:47It became so popular
01:16:49That Samuel received
01:16:51The keys to the city of San Francisco
01:16:53In 1916
01:16:55However, it was a man named George Smith
01:16:57Owner of a confectionery company
01:16:59Who gave himself the merit
01:17:01Of the invention of the lollipop version
01:17:03That we know and love today
01:17:05In 1908
01:17:07George Smith gave up the name in 1931
01:17:09He said that the name of the candy
01:17:11Came from a famous horse named
01:17:13The lollipop
01:17:15As you can see
01:17:17There is still a certain competition
01:17:19Around the paternity of this name
01:17:21But what we are sure of
01:17:23Is that the candy has become more and more popular
01:17:25And that it has remained so
01:17:27Some modern companies
01:17:29Are able to produce up to 3 million
01:17:31Of these candies per day
01:17:33And this number never ceases to increase
01:17:35The biggest lollipop ever created
01:17:37Goes back to 2012
01:17:39When a Californian candy manufacturer
01:17:41Made an impressive one
01:17:43With a chocolate flavor
01:17:45It weighed more than 3,175 kilos
01:17:47If we also take into account
01:17:49The stick
01:17:51This huge lollipop measured more than 3 meters
01:17:55One of the most famous lollipop brands
01:17:57In the world is Chupa Chups
01:17:59Did you know that the logo of this brand
01:18:01Has a very famous name behind it?
01:18:03It is that of Salvador Dali himself
01:18:05The famous surrealist artist
01:18:09The company contacted him in 1969
01:18:11To design his logo
01:18:13And he created the distinctive design
01:18:15That we all know and love
01:18:17With the name Chupa Chups
01:18:19Integrated in a form of daisy with bright colors
01:18:21The famous painter also had the idea
01:18:23That the logo should be placed
01:18:25On top of the candy rather than on the side
01:18:27Why?
01:18:29So that you can always see it perfectly
01:18:31Without any folds
01:18:33That often accompany the candy packaging
01:18:35Ingenious, isn't it?
01:18:37In addition
01:18:39This brand was able to stand out
01:18:41By exporting in the most unusual places
01:18:43The story goes that a Chupa Chups
01:18:45Was thus the first lollipop
01:18:47To be eaten in space
01:18:49It was in 1995
01:18:51When an astronaut brought a Chupa Chups
01:18:53In the space station
01:18:55Which made it officially
01:18:57The first lollipop to be consumed
01:18:59I wonder if it had a different taste
01:19:03There is also a Chupa Chups under the sea
01:19:05But it's not really what you think
01:19:07It's not the easiest thing in the world
01:19:09To taste a lollipop under water, is it?
01:19:11But while they were moving
01:19:13In an expedition in the sea of Wardell
01:19:15In the Antarctic Ocean in 2000
01:19:17A group of scientists
01:19:19Came across a sponge
01:19:21With a strange appearance
01:19:23It had a round head
01:19:25And looked surprisingly like a lollipop
01:19:27So they gave it a proper name
01:19:29The short version was
01:19:31S. Chupa Chups
01:19:33If you ever look for pictures of these creatures
01:19:35They look like underwater lollipops
01:19:37Scattered at the bottom of the sea
01:19:39Since we're talking about shape
01:19:41Have you ever wondered
01:19:43Why lollipop sticks have this square hole in the plastic?
01:19:47It's actually related to the manufacturing process
01:19:51During manufacturing
01:19:53The candy is melted in the stick
01:19:55So that the head of the lollipop
01:19:57Stays firmly attached to its stick
01:19:59So that it doesn't come off
01:20:01And ends up falling
01:20:03Oh, what a shame
01:20:05The other reason is more of a security question
01:20:07To prevent the lollipop stick
01:20:09From having a choking risk
01:20:11In case of accidental ingestion
01:20:13As it lets air through
01:20:15There's still a bit of room to breathe
01:20:17If it gets stuck somewhere
01:20:19But let's not talk about bad luck
01:20:21Nowadays, the company Tootsie Roll
01:20:23They make more than 16 million lollipops every day
01:20:27As for the lollipop sticks
01:20:29They are named after their inventor
01:20:31He wanted a name easy to pronounce
01:20:33And to be remembered by the new generation
01:20:35The main target of the product
01:20:39What do you think of the mysterious flavor of lollipops?
01:20:41Is it really that mysterious?
01:20:43No, it's actually a pretty simple recipe
01:20:45They make it
01:20:47When a batch of flavors runs out
01:20:49And the next one starts
01:20:51So that the flavor
01:20:53Results from the random combination
01:20:55Of two different flavors
01:20:57Whatever they are
01:20:59But what is the relationship
01:21:01Between the famous writer Charles Dickens and lollipop?
01:21:03Well, it turns out that in the modern world
01:21:05This name first appeared
01:21:07In one of his novels
01:21:09It was in the 1800s
01:21:11Lollipops are not only used
01:21:13To make good with sugar
01:21:15Some of them are also used
01:21:17To treat people
01:21:19Especially young people who can't stand
01:21:21Classic products
01:21:23But some of these lollipops
01:21:25Are strictly reserved for adults
01:21:27If you are a big fan of this treat
01:21:29You can get ready for a nice party
01:21:31On July 20th of each year
01:21:33It is on this date
01:21:35That Americans celebrate
01:21:37The national day of lollipops
01:21:39It is common that people
01:21:41Buy lollipops during this day
01:21:43Some stores also launch
01:21:45Unique lines for this occasion
01:21:47It is also associated with some world records
01:21:49For example
01:21:51The longest chain of people
01:21:53Licking lollipops
01:21:55Which gathered 12,831 individuals
01:21:57The event was organized
01:21:59In Valladolid, Spain
01:22:01In September 2008
01:22:03And for those who are looking for
01:22:05Something more sophisticated
01:22:07You should know that the most expensive lollipop
01:22:09In the world costs more than $10,000
01:22:11It is not a single lollipop
01:22:13And a chair
01:22:15It is made with 27 kg of sugar
01:22:17We have no idea
01:22:19Of the number of lollipops
01:22:21That the world eats every day
01:22:23But we know
01:22:25Which countries have the most fans
01:22:27Germany, Ireland, Switzerland
01:22:29Austria and the United Kingdom
01:22:31It is not only called a lollipop
01:22:33There are different names
01:22:35To designate it
01:22:37Depending on where you are
01:22:39Like lollipop, lollipop or sticky pop
01:22:41For example
01:22:43The most common flavor
01:22:45Often associated with this snack
01:22:47Is the lollipop
01:22:49It is probably because
01:22:51It is much easier to taste
01:22:53Than the real lollipop
01:22:55And above all
01:22:57It is just delicious
01:22:59But for me
01:23:01Nothing is worth a lollipop
01:23:03And you?
01:23:05What is your favorite flavor?
01:23:07Tell me in the comments
01:23:09The apples you usually buy
01:23:11First, we cover them with wax
01:23:13Then the wax is dried in the hot air
01:23:15And finally
01:23:17The apples are stored in cold rooms
01:23:19The lazy ones are stronger than the dolphins
01:23:21To hold their breath
01:23:23These lazy ones are able to slow down their heart rate
01:23:25And thus hold their breath
01:23:27For 40 minutes
01:23:29If they watched series to cut the breath
01:23:31They would only breathe once per episode
01:23:33If you look at old photos
01:23:35You will see that people did not smile
01:23:37As much as they do today
01:23:39First of all
01:23:41Because photographers preferred serious faces
01:23:43So instead of saying
01:23:45People said something like
01:23:47Prune
01:23:49And their lips remained tight
01:23:51Other words worked just as well
01:23:53Earth is not the only planet to have water
01:23:55NASA scientists are convinced
01:23:57That one of Jupiter's moons, Europe
01:23:59Has an ocean made up of twice as much water
01:24:01As our planet
01:24:03But it is hidden under a thick layer of ice
01:24:05And even Mars would have liquid water
01:24:07It is one of the biggest flying insects on the planet
01:24:09Most of the species are not very impressive
01:24:11Only measuring between 2 and 5 cm long
01:24:13It's already not bad
01:24:15But the biggest
01:24:17Known under the name of Cigale Megapomponia Imperatoria
01:24:19Measures about 7 cm long
01:24:21And its wings have an impressive width of 20 cm
01:24:23A very big animal
01:24:25All goats do not graze peacefully
01:24:27The grass of the meadows
01:24:29Some prefer to climb trees to feed
01:24:31For example
01:24:33Moroccan goats
01:24:35Are animals with unique behavior
01:24:37The thing is
01:24:39They are much more attracted by the fruits of the meadows
01:24:41Than by ordinary grass
01:24:43It is quite understandable
01:24:45These fruits really look delicious
01:24:47These goats are rather agile
01:24:49So they climb easily in the trees
01:24:51To go pick their juicy treats
01:24:53And they do not need anyone's help to do it
01:24:55There is a creature
01:24:57Who, in principle, is able to live forever
01:24:59It is a species of jellyfish
01:25:01Known under the name of
01:25:03Turritopsis
01:25:05We also call it
01:25:07The immortal jellyfish
01:25:09These animals have the ability
01:25:11To rejuvenate
01:25:13Basically, as soon as something goes wrong
01:25:15These jellyfish return to the polyp stage
01:25:17And start all over again
01:25:19Now we are going to test your knowledge
01:25:21Are there more trees on earth
01:25:23Or stars in the Milky Way
01:25:25If your answer is star
01:25:27Sorry, but you are wrong
01:25:29According to the estimates of scientists
01:25:31There are more stars in our galaxy
01:25:33And about 3,000 billion trees on earth
01:25:35Impressive
01:25:37Pluto has not yet made a complete revolution
01:25:39Around the sun since it was discovered
01:25:41And now
01:25:43Say we have known this dwarf planet
01:25:45Since 1930
01:25:47It takes about 248 years for Pluto
01:25:49To make a complete tour of our common star
01:25:51In fact, it is Mercury the fastest
01:25:53It takes about 88 days for this planet
01:25:55To go around the sun
01:25:57Anyway, Pluto will complete its first revolution
01:25:59Since its discovery
01:26:01In the year 2178
01:26:03What a suspense
01:26:05Another funny fact about planets
01:26:07The dwarf planet Omea
01:26:09Has a very particular shape
01:26:11It looks like a potato
01:26:13It is about the same size as Pluto
01:26:15And has rings similar to those of Saturn
01:26:17If you want to find it one day
01:26:19It is located somewhere beyond the orbit of Neptune
01:26:21Nachos
01:26:23Were not invented so long ago
01:26:25In Mexico
01:26:27Nachos
01:26:29Nachos
01:26:31Nachos
01:26:33Nachos
01:26:35Nachos
01:26:37Nachos
01:26:39Nachos
01:26:41Nachos
01:26:43Nachos
01:26:45Nachos
01:26:47Nachos
01:26:49Nachos
01:26:51Nachos
01:26:53Nachos
01:26:55Nachos
01:26:57Nachos
01:26:59Nachos
01:27:01Nachos
01:27:03Nachos
01:27:05Nachos
01:27:07Nachos
01:27:09Nachos
01:27:11Nachos
01:27:13Nachos
01:27:15Nachos
01:27:17Nachos
01:27:19Nachos
01:27:21Nachos
01:27:23Nachos
01:27:25Nachos
01:27:27Nachos
01:27:29Nachos
01:27:31Nachos
01:27:33Nachos
01:27:35Nachos
01:27:37Nachos
01:27:39Nachos
01:27:41Nachos
01:27:43Nachos
01:27:45Nachos
01:27:47Nachos
01:27:49Nachos
01:27:51Nachos
01:27:53Nachos
01:27:55Nachos
01:27:57Nachos
01:27:59Nachos
01:28:01Nachos
01:28:03Nachos
01:28:05Nachos
01:28:07Nachos
01:28:09Nachos
01:28:11Nachos
01:28:13Nachos
01:28:15Nachos
01:28:17Nachos
01:28:19who can become a knight.
01:28:20The Manchots can too.
01:28:22There is even one who lives in Edinburgh
01:28:24and he was made a knight in 2008.
01:28:26Here is Nils Olaf III,
01:28:28the mascot and colonel-in-chief
01:28:30of the Norwegian Royal Guard.
01:28:33How tall are you?
01:28:35I bet your feet are smaller
01:28:37than those of the Statue of Liberty.
01:28:39No statue really needs shoes.
01:28:41But if it lets you buy new sneakers,
01:28:44it would have to be 879.
01:28:47It's not surprising.
01:28:48They are still 46 meters tall.
01:28:51These are our muscles
01:28:52that give us the chicken skin.
01:28:54We call these little muscles
01:28:56the hair pullers.
01:28:57And they are at the base
01:28:59of each hair follicle.
01:29:00Every time it's cold,
01:29:02they contract,
01:29:03which makes our hair stand up,
01:29:04creating this well-known
01:29:06frilly chicken skin.
01:29:08You may think you're not very sporty,
01:29:10but if you have already ironed your clothes
01:29:12in an uncomfortable place and position,
01:29:14you are without knowing it,
01:29:16in a way.
01:29:17Extreme ironing is a sport
01:29:19in which people take ironing boards
01:29:21to the most unexpected places.
01:29:23Forests, for example,
01:29:24on canoes or in the mountains
01:29:26to iron their clothes.
01:29:27Some even do it
01:29:28at the top of big bronze statues
01:29:30or underwater.
01:29:31And yes,
01:29:32there are even official championships.
01:29:34So have these people
01:29:35never heard of
01:29:36unfreezing fabrics?
01:29:38Rap battles are not as recent
01:29:40as it is generally believed.
01:29:41In the late Middle Ages,
01:29:43there were verbal fights,
01:29:44and it looked a lot like
01:29:46the famous battles in the world of hip-hop.
01:29:48They were very popular
01:29:49in the 15th and 16th centuries.
01:29:50Two opponents
01:29:51had to make fun of each other
01:29:53by improvising their lines.
01:29:55According to some cartographers of the language,
01:29:57we would have different areas
01:29:58for different tastes.
01:30:00But that's wrong.
01:30:01Some of our taste buds
01:30:02are more sensitive
01:30:03to certain tastes than others.
01:30:05But that does not mean
01:30:06that a particular area
01:30:07is more sensitive
01:30:08to sweet tastes than another.
01:30:09For example,
01:30:10according to recent studies,
01:30:11all areas of the language
01:30:13have taste buds
01:30:14sensitive to all tastes.
01:30:15Chameleons do not change color
01:30:17to be able to adapt
01:30:18to their environment.
01:30:19It would probably be very tiring.
01:30:21In reality,
01:30:22it is their mood,
01:30:23temperature,
01:30:24or intensity of light
01:30:25that influence this phenomenon.
01:30:27When chameleons relax
01:30:29and stretch their cells,
01:30:30the crystals inside them
01:30:32are affected by light.
01:30:33These reptiles
01:30:34use these crystals
01:30:35to communicate with each other,
01:30:37so, for example,
01:30:38darker shades
01:30:39show that they are not in a very good mood.
01:30:41They are even rather grumpy.
01:30:43Beware of the grumpy chameleon.
01:30:46Dwarfs can blush,
01:30:48just like people.
01:30:49It works the same way.
01:30:50They blush when they are angry,
01:30:52excited,
01:30:53or when they feel bad.
01:30:54The skin of their necks
01:30:55and heads
01:30:56becomes all red.
01:30:57Opossums
01:30:58do not really sleep
01:30:59by hanging by the tail.
01:31:01It is common in cartoons
01:31:02and in some photos,
01:31:03but it is not a reality.
01:31:05Their tails are very strong,
01:31:06which allows these animals
01:31:08to cling to the branches
01:31:09and stay suspended there,
01:31:10but only for short periods.
01:31:12And adults
01:31:13are too heavy
01:31:14to stay in this position
01:31:15for a very long time.
01:31:16So it would not be very relaxing
01:31:17for them
01:31:18if they tried to sleep like that.
01:31:19Hanging by the tail
01:31:20all night
01:31:21is even the pinnacle of the impossible,
01:31:23the impossible,
01:31:24so to speak.
01:31:25There are things
01:31:26about your body
01:31:27that you think you are absolutely sure about,
01:31:29aren't there?
01:31:31Can you guess
01:31:32what is a myth
01:31:33or a reality?
01:31:34One point
01:31:35for each correct answer.
01:31:37Tell me about your score
01:31:38in the comments.
01:31:39White eggs
01:31:40are more nutritious
01:31:41than white eggs.
01:31:42Myth
01:31:43or reality?
01:31:44Myth.
01:31:45There is no difference
01:31:46that says that white eggs
01:31:47are healthier than white eggs.
01:31:48The only difference
01:31:49is the color of the shell of the egg.
01:31:50This sign
01:31:51has no impact
01:31:52on its nutrition
01:31:53or its quality.
01:31:54It depends on the type of hen.
01:31:56Hens whose earlobe
01:31:57is white
01:31:58tend to have white eggs.
01:32:02Have you ever heard
01:32:03that a large part
01:32:04of the dust in your house
01:32:05is actually dead skin?
01:32:07Not great, I know.
01:32:09Do you think it's a myth
01:32:10or a reality?
01:32:11It's a myth.
01:32:12You don't just
01:32:13sweep skin films
01:32:14on the floor.
01:32:15There are many other components
01:32:16that make up
01:32:17the dust in your house.
01:32:18Fibers,
01:32:19hair,
01:32:20building materials,
01:32:21mold,
01:32:22pollen,
01:32:23pieces of insects
01:32:24and ashes
01:32:25are part of it,
01:32:26according to a study
01:32:27conducted on Canadian houses.
01:32:28This is logical
01:32:29because a house
01:32:30near a very busy highway
01:32:31or in a renovation area
01:32:32is more dusty
01:32:33than a house
01:32:34in the middle of a forest.
01:32:37Skin is our biggest organ.
01:32:38Is it a fact
01:32:39or a myth?
01:32:41It's a fact.
01:32:42You might think
01:32:43that the intestine
01:32:44is quite big
01:32:45when you unfold it.
01:32:46But no.
01:32:47It's the skin
01:32:48that wins the competition.
01:32:49An adult
01:32:50weighs about 3.5 kg
01:32:51or 2 m² of skin.
01:32:55You can't imagine
01:32:56without skin.
01:32:57It's not just there
01:32:58to cover our body.
01:32:59It also plays
01:33:00an essential role
01:33:01in our protection.
01:33:03You can't breathe
01:33:04and swallow at the same time.
01:33:05Myth or reality?
01:33:07Reality.
01:33:09Maybe you already
01:33:10know the answer.
01:33:11But you still tried
01:33:12after reading this.
01:33:13So see it for yourself.
01:33:14In your throat,
01:33:15there are two important passages
01:33:16for your survival.
01:33:18I put aside
01:33:19the sophisticated medical names
01:33:20and I would call them
01:33:21respiratory tract
01:33:22and food tube.
01:33:23They prevent breathing
01:33:24and swallowing at the same time.
01:33:26Otherwise,
01:33:27food would enter
01:33:28the respiratory tract
01:33:29and cause serious complications.
01:33:34This doesn't always
01:33:35happen as planned.
01:33:37That's why sometimes
01:33:38we end up coughing
01:33:39and we need a piece of food
01:33:40to reach our lungs.
01:33:42In addition to having
01:33:43unique fingerprints,
01:33:44humans also have
01:33:45unique language fingerprints.
01:33:47Myth or reality?
01:33:49Reality.
01:33:50The human language
01:33:51is quite incredible
01:33:52in all the characteristics
01:33:53that allow us
01:33:54to taste food.
01:33:55It is also unique
01:33:56in its texture.
01:33:57People use
01:33:58biometric systems
01:33:59such as digital fingerprints,
01:34:00vocal scans
01:34:01and iris scans
01:34:02to identify themselves.
01:34:03It plays an important role
01:34:04in the identification
01:34:05and verification phases.
01:34:07The language fingerprint
01:34:08is just as unique.
01:34:09It is therefore very difficult
01:34:10to copy it.
01:34:11It could also be used
01:34:12as a tool
01:34:13for biometric systems.
01:34:14And if people started
01:34:15to use this system
01:34:16in their daily lives
01:34:17for security reasons,
01:34:18imagine that you can
01:34:19lock a safe
01:34:20or your phone
01:34:21with the fingerprint
01:34:22of your language.
01:34:23An adult spends
01:34:24three hours a week
01:34:25in the office.
01:34:26Do you think
01:34:27it's a reality
01:34:28or a myth?
01:34:29It's a reality.
01:34:30A survey
01:34:31carried out by scientists
01:34:32reveals that an average adult
01:34:33spends three hours
01:34:34and nine minutes
01:34:35on the throne
01:34:36every week.
01:34:37This is more than
01:34:38the time spent
01:34:39doing exercise.
01:34:40Take your time.
01:34:41No need to rush.
01:34:43You swallow
01:34:44eight spiders a year
01:34:45during your sleep.
01:34:46Myth or reality?
01:34:47Don't believe it for a second.
01:34:48Fortunately for us
01:34:49and for the spiders,
01:34:50of course.
01:34:51It's not true.
01:34:53So don't be afraid
01:34:54and have a good night's sleep.
01:34:55Most spiders
01:34:56do not voluntarily
01:34:57approach humans.
01:34:58In addition,
01:34:59the vibrations
01:35:00that come from
01:35:01a sleeping person
01:35:02can be strange for them.
01:35:03Or maybe the spider
01:35:04is just used
01:35:05to your neighborhood.
01:35:06Or maybe it's just
01:35:07tenants sharing a room.
01:35:08As long as there is
01:35:09no tangible proof,
01:35:10I call it a myth.
01:35:12Your femur can withstand
01:35:13thousands of pounds
01:35:14of pressure.
01:35:15Do you think
01:35:16it's a myth
01:35:17or a reality?
01:35:18Yes, it's a reality.
01:35:20The femur
01:35:21is located
01:35:22on the upper part
01:35:23of the leg.
01:35:24Experts say
01:35:25that this bone
01:35:26is difficult to break.
01:35:30It is one of the two
01:35:31most solid bones
01:35:32of our anatomy.
01:35:34The first
01:35:35is the temporal bone
01:35:36of the skull.
01:35:37Sometimes you ask yourself
01:35:38the question.
01:35:40Anyway,
01:35:41a solid bone
01:35:42can withstand
01:35:4330 times more
01:35:44than the weight
01:35:45of your body.
01:35:46It may be because
01:35:47the femur
01:35:48is the longest
01:35:49and largest bone
01:35:50of the human body.
01:35:51Do you think
01:35:52shaving your hair
01:35:53makes them grow
01:35:54thicker?
01:35:55Myth or reality?
01:35:56Look how I
01:35:57demolish this myth.
01:35:58Experts say
01:35:59that shaving
01:36:00does not affect
01:36:01the thickness of the hair.
01:36:02So the root
01:36:03is still there.
01:36:04You only shave
01:36:05the upper part.
01:36:06After shaving,
01:36:07the hair grows
01:36:08in an obtuse way
01:36:09because it has just been cut.
01:36:10That's why you can
01:36:11have the impression
01:36:12that it becomes thicker.
01:36:13You can eat
01:36:14food that stays
01:36:15on the ground
01:36:16for 5 seconds
01:36:17or less without danger.
01:36:18Is it a reality
01:36:19or a myth?
01:36:20Sorry to counteract
01:36:21this ultimate excuse
01:36:22that justified
01:36:23eating everything
01:36:24that could have fallen
01:36:25on the ground.
01:36:26There is no 5-second rule.
01:36:27Researchers have discovered
01:36:28that a substantial amount
01:36:29of bacteria
01:36:30transfers to food
01:36:31Humidity of food
01:36:32has a direct impact
01:36:33on contamination.
01:36:34Imagine that you drop
01:36:35a slice of watermelon
01:36:36and crisps on the ground.
01:36:37I don't know why
01:36:38you would eat them together
01:36:39or how you would end up
01:36:40dropping them both
01:36:41but let's continue
01:36:42with this example.
01:36:43The watermelon
01:36:44will be more contaminated
01:36:45than the crisps.
01:36:46Because the watermelon
01:36:47contains more humidity,
01:36:48the surface of it
01:36:49is more vulnerable
01:36:50to the transfer
01:36:51of bacteria.
01:36:52Blondes and redheads
01:36:53could soon disappear.
01:36:54Myth or reality?
01:36:55Easy, right?
01:36:56It's
01:36:57a myth
01:36:58or a reality.
01:36:59Easy, right?
01:37:00It's
01:37:01a myth.
01:37:02Redheads
01:37:03or blondes
01:37:04are linked
01:37:05to recessive genes.
01:37:06They can be transmitted
01:37:07from one generation
01:37:08to the next
01:37:09without changing
01:37:10the color of the wearer's hair.
01:37:11If both parents
01:37:12have good
01:37:13recessive genes,
01:37:14there is a good chance
01:37:15that the next generation
01:37:16will have redheads
01:37:17or blondes.
01:37:18These genes
01:37:19are rare
01:37:20but the populations
01:37:21continue to carry them
01:37:22so that they
01:37:23don't get lost
01:37:24forever.
01:37:25For this to happen,
01:37:26all the people
01:37:27on the planet
01:37:28who carry these genes
01:37:29literally disappear.
01:37:30So the chances
01:37:31are relatively low.
01:37:35Drinking coffee
01:37:36dehydrates you.
01:37:37Is it a fact
01:37:38or a myth?
01:37:39Myth!
01:37:40You can enjoy
01:37:41your morning coffee.
01:37:42Okay,
01:37:43you may go to the bathroom
01:37:44more often
01:37:45after drinking coffee
01:37:46but that doesn't mean
01:37:47you lose more water.
01:37:48Many studies
01:37:49have been carried out
01:37:50on the effects
01:37:51of caffeine.
01:37:52Some of these studies
01:37:53have revealed
01:37:54that drinking
01:37:55a reasonable amount
01:37:56of coffee a day
01:37:57reduces the risk
01:37:58of dehydration.
01:38:01Eating yogurt
01:38:02facilitates digestion.
01:38:03Do you think
01:38:04it's a fact
01:38:05or another myth?
01:38:06It's a fact
01:38:07but with the right choice
01:38:08of yogurt.
01:38:09Yogurt is a food
01:38:10that contains
01:38:11probiotics.
01:38:12These are the good bacteria
01:38:13that make everything
01:38:14go well
01:38:15in your intestine.
01:38:16Eating yogurt alone
01:38:17may not be enough
01:38:18to have
01:38:19a healthy digestive system.
01:38:21It supports
01:38:22the digestive system
01:38:23efficiently.
01:38:24However,
01:38:25don't forget
01:38:26that all yogurts
01:38:27are not the same.
01:38:28Some contain sugar
01:38:29or fillings
01:38:30like sweets
01:38:31or biscuits.
01:38:32Classic yogurts
01:38:33are preferred.
01:38:35Your hair
01:38:36will grow faster
01:38:37if you cut them
01:38:38more often.
01:38:39Reality or myth?
01:38:40We have always said
01:38:41not to cry too much
01:38:42about the hair
01:38:43we lost
01:38:44because it grew back
01:38:45faster.
01:38:46Unfortunately,
01:38:47the growth rate
01:38:48of hair
01:38:49does not depend
01:38:50on the frequency
01:38:51of hair cutting.
01:38:52The average growth rate
01:38:53of hair
01:38:54is about 0.3 mm
01:38:55per year.
01:38:56In addition,
01:38:57many factors
01:38:58affect it.
01:38:59Age,
01:39:00hormones
01:39:01and even
01:39:02the period of the year.
01:39:03This is news
01:39:04that could encourage
01:39:05some people
01:39:06to postpone
01:39:07their next appointment
01:39:08at the hairdresser.
01:39:09You need
01:39:10a drop of liquid,
01:39:11a super-quality
01:39:123D printer
01:39:13and about 2 hours
01:39:14of work
01:39:15to make
01:39:16a tiny fidget spinner.
01:39:17It will be less
01:39:18wide than
01:39:19a strand of hair.
01:39:20This is what
01:39:21researchers
01:39:22at the Oak Ridge
01:39:23National Laboratory
01:39:24found.
01:39:25In fact,
01:39:26double-cream Oreos
01:39:27are not
01:39:28double-stuffed.
01:39:29A math teacher
01:39:30weighed 10 classic Oreos,
01:39:3110 double-cream Oreos
01:39:32and 10 mega-stuffed Oreos.
01:39:33Double-cream Oreos
01:39:34are only
01:39:351.86 times
01:39:36the weight
01:39:37of classic Oreos.
01:39:40Chipotle
01:39:41are not
01:39:42peppers
01:39:43of a particular variety.
01:39:44They are simply
01:39:45dried and smoked
01:39:46jalapeños.
01:39:49In the form of a gas,
01:39:50oxygen
01:39:51has no smell
01:39:52or color.
01:39:53But when it is
01:39:54liquid
01:39:55or solid,
01:39:56it is light blue.
01:39:58The stars
01:39:59caught by black holes
01:40:00are destroyed
01:40:01by their enormous
01:40:02gravitational force.
01:40:04Pieces of these stars
01:40:05are sucked
01:40:06by the black hole.
01:40:08The rest,
01:40:09in the form
01:40:10of plasma jets,
01:40:11is ejected
01:40:12with such force
01:40:13that it travels
01:40:14light years away.
01:40:17Recently,
01:40:18researchers decided
01:40:19to redraw
01:40:20the genealogical tree
01:40:21of dinosaurs
01:40:22in 130 years.
01:40:25It would seem
01:40:26that two species
01:40:27of dinosaurs
01:40:28should have been
01:40:29grouped from the beginning.
01:40:30These are
01:40:31carnivorous dinosaurs
01:40:32with reptile basins,
01:40:33such as the T-Rex,
01:40:34and vegetarian dinosaurs
01:40:35with bird basins,
01:40:36such as the Stegosaurus.
01:40:38A camel
01:40:39can drink up to
01:40:40113 liters of water
01:40:41in just over 10 minutes.
01:40:43This water
01:40:44is stored
01:40:45in the animal's
01:40:46blood system.
01:40:47As for its bone,
01:40:48it is a reserve
01:40:49of fat for periods
01:40:50of food deficiency.
01:40:52Some marine animals,
01:40:53such as salmon
01:40:54and turtles,
01:40:55use terrestrial
01:40:56magnetic fields
01:40:57to locate themselves.
01:40:59Your lungs
01:41:00are not just there
01:41:01to make you breathe.
01:41:02They also produce
01:41:03red blood cells.
01:41:04These are the cells
01:41:05responsible for coagulation.
01:41:08Lungs
01:41:09produce more than
01:41:1010 million of these
01:41:11small cells per hour.
01:41:14There are only two letters
01:41:15that never appear
01:41:16on the periodic table.
01:41:18The J and the Q.
01:41:21If you throw a ball
01:41:22at yourself,
01:41:23it will fly.
01:41:25This is the Magnus effect.
01:41:28You can see this phenomenon
01:41:29in several sports,
01:41:30such as tennis
01:41:31or baseball.
01:41:35Anathedaophobia
01:41:36is the fear
01:41:37that at any time,
01:41:38anywhere in the world,
01:41:39a duck or a goat
01:41:40can observe
01:41:41the person suffering
01:41:42from the phobia.
01:41:43I'm watching you.
01:41:44The person is not necessarily
01:41:45afraid that the duck
01:41:46or the goat
01:41:47will approach
01:41:48or come into contact
01:41:49with the animal.
01:41:50It's just the fear
01:41:51of being observed.
01:41:54This phobia
01:41:55was described for the first time
01:41:56in a comic book
01:41:57to show that everyone
01:41:58can be afraid of something.
01:42:00Everything can become a phobia.
01:42:02A duck that would
01:42:03constantly observe me
01:42:04would certainly give me
01:42:05the flesh of a chicken.
01:42:09Favorite fruit candies
01:42:10are shiny
01:42:11because they are probably
01:42:12covered in carnauba wax.
01:42:14This wax is sometimes
01:42:15used on fruits
01:42:16like apples.
01:42:18It makes candies
01:42:19and fruits shine
01:42:21but also cars.
01:42:25Peaches
01:42:26and nectarines
01:42:27seem different
01:42:28but in reality
01:42:29they are the same fruit.
01:42:31The very soft gene
01:42:32is dominant in peaches
01:42:33while if it is not,
01:42:34we get smooth
01:42:35nectarines.
01:42:39Crows are gifted
01:42:40to recognize
01:42:41people's faces
01:42:42and they remember them for a long time.
01:42:43It can be a good
01:42:44or a bad thing
01:42:45depending on
01:42:46your behavior with them.
01:42:48It is better
01:42:49not to meet a crow
01:42:50that has one after you.
01:42:52You probably
01:42:53don't know how to distinguish
01:42:54a crow from another crow
01:42:55so it is better
01:42:56to say hello to them all.
01:43:01In the city of Yoro,
01:43:02in Central America,
01:43:03fish rains
01:43:04fall every year.
01:43:08Residents
01:43:09don't have a choice.
01:43:10Every year,
01:43:11in May or June,
01:43:12a torrential rain
01:43:13crosses the city
01:43:14leaving fish
01:43:15agonizing in the street.
01:43:19It seems that
01:43:20the phenomenon
01:43:21is caused by
01:43:22water pipes
01:43:23or tornadoes
01:43:24that would transport
01:43:25the fish.
01:43:27Express delivery
01:43:28of seafood.
01:43:29Oh yeah!
01:43:31A single strand
01:43:32of spaghetti
01:43:33is called
01:43:34a spaghetto.
01:43:37In Italian,
01:43:38the Italian word
01:43:39with an I
01:43:40at the end of the word
01:43:41marks the plural.
01:43:43And water
01:43:44is a mark of the singular.
01:43:46It is valid for everything.
01:43:47We say gnocco
01:43:48for a single gnocchi,
01:43:50tortellino
01:43:51for a single tortellini
01:43:52and raviolo
01:43:53for a single mouthful
01:43:54of this delight.
01:43:58Water can freeze
01:43:59and boil at the same time.
01:44:01It is called
01:44:02the triple point.
01:44:03It is the moment
01:44:04when a substance
01:44:05can be solid,
01:44:06liquid and gaseous
01:44:07at the same time.
01:44:08It is closely related
01:44:09to pressure
01:44:10and temperature.
01:44:13We are used
01:44:14to having
01:44:15a white sauce.
01:44:16But in reality,
01:44:17the producers
01:44:18generally add
01:44:19titanium dioxide
01:44:20to make it as white
01:44:21as our sunscreen.
01:44:22Ah!
01:44:23The sunscreen producers
01:44:24also add
01:44:25titanium dioxide
01:44:26to their products.
01:44:27It is also valid
01:44:28for the Caesar sauce
01:44:29and the blue cheese sauce.
01:44:31Our Moon
01:44:32had an atmosphere.
01:44:34About 4 billion years ago,
01:44:35volcanic eruptions
01:44:36were verified
01:44:37on our satellite.
01:44:39They released
01:44:40huge volumes of gas,
01:44:41thousands of billions of tons,
01:44:43volumes too large
01:44:44to escape
01:44:45into space.
01:44:47That is how
01:44:48this atmosphere was formed.
01:44:51Cold water heats
01:44:52faster than hot water.
01:44:53The speed of this process
01:44:54depends on the temperature
01:44:55difference
01:44:56between the liquid
01:44:57and its environment.
01:44:59That is why cold water
01:45:00needs less time
01:45:01to absorb heat.
01:45:02But that does not mean
01:45:03it will boil faster
01:45:04than hot water.
01:45:07Zealandia
01:45:08is a submerged
01:45:09continental block
01:45:10in the Pacific Ocean.
01:45:11It is often described
01:45:12as a fragment
01:45:13or a microcontinent.
01:45:15It measures almost
01:45:162 million square metres,
01:45:18half of the United States.
01:45:21It was submerged
01:45:22about 23 million years ago.
01:45:25New Zealand
01:45:26is the largest part
01:45:27of Zealandia
01:45:28still on the surface.
01:45:30Human beings
01:45:31are still evolving.
01:45:32Researchers have found
01:45:33several million
01:45:34human anomalies.
01:45:36It turns out
01:45:37that some dangerous genes
01:45:38are gradually
01:45:39eliminated
01:45:40from DNA.
01:45:44Stars sparkle
01:45:45because of turbulence
01:45:46in the Earth's atmosphere.
01:45:48They deflect the light
01:45:49from the stars
01:45:50before they reach your eyes.
01:45:53It gives this sparkling effect.
01:45:57Water travels the world
01:45:58in a thousand years.
01:46:02This phenomenon
01:46:03is called the thermohaline loop.
01:46:06The bismuth
01:46:07is a white,
01:46:08fragile metal
01:46:09with a pink hue.
01:46:11If you melt it
01:46:12and let it cool down
01:46:13very slowly,
01:46:14it forms
01:46:15iridescent cubic crystals.
01:46:18Skittles
01:46:19and M&M's
01:46:20are coloured with
01:46:22coleopters.
01:46:24The red food colouring
01:46:25is made
01:46:26from carmine
01:46:27from cochineal.
01:46:29Red lipstick
01:46:30is also made
01:46:31from cochineal.
01:46:32Stones, metals
01:46:33and other minerals
01:46:34that form the Earth
01:46:35are not distributed
01:46:36homogeneously
01:46:37on the planet.
01:46:41This has several consequences,
01:46:42including the variation
01:46:43of gravity
01:46:44depending on
01:46:45where you are.
01:46:47The altitude
01:46:48also has an effect.
01:46:50When you are at the top
01:46:51of Mount Everest,
01:46:52you weigh slightly less.
01:46:54Don't look down!
01:46:57According to a researcher,
01:46:58there was a substance
01:46:59in ancient microbes
01:47:00before the evolution
01:47:01of chlorophyll.
01:47:03It is the substance
01:47:04that makes plants
01:47:05green on Earth.
01:47:07This substance
01:47:08reflected the sunlight
01:47:09in red and purple,
01:47:10which gave
01:47:11a bright purple.
01:47:13If this hypothesis
01:47:14was true,
01:47:15the Earth
01:47:16would have been
01:47:17full of purple animals
01:47:18before the arrival
01:47:19of greenery.
01:47:21Apples have a better taste
01:47:22when they are cut
01:47:23because they are
01:47:24exposed to oxygen.
01:47:25Oxygen activates
01:47:26an enzyme
01:47:27called polyphenoloxidase,
01:47:28responsible for
01:47:29maturation
01:47:30and fruit ripening.
01:47:31This phenomenon
01:47:32also occurs
01:47:33when you hit an apple.
01:47:34Oxygen enters
01:47:35through small cracks
01:47:36caused by the impact
01:47:37and the fruit
01:47:38begins to ripen.
01:47:39Do you like white chocolate?
01:47:40Well, in reality,
01:47:41it is not chocolate
01:47:42at all.
01:47:43It is a mixture
01:47:44of sugar,
01:47:45milk,
01:47:46vanilla
01:47:47and cocoa butter.
01:47:48Cocoa butter
01:47:49is not enough
01:47:50to make chocolate.
01:47:51It lacks powder
01:47:52or chocolate liqueur.
01:47:54The only product
01:47:55that never perishes,
01:47:56even if it is not
01:47:57stored in the fridge,
01:47:58is honey.
01:47:59It has a low pH
01:48:00and contains a lot of sugar.
01:48:01Bacteria
01:48:02that cause
01:48:03the deterioration
01:48:04of food
01:48:05do not survive
01:48:06in honey.
01:48:07If two pieces of metal
01:48:08touch each other
01:48:09in space,
01:48:10they join
01:48:11and fuse.
01:48:12This does not happen
01:48:13on Earth
01:48:14because water
01:48:15and air
01:48:16separate food.
01:48:17People
01:48:18would be more honest
01:48:19when they are tired.
01:48:20It is assumed
01:48:21that this is why
01:48:22confessions
01:48:23are usually
01:48:24made late at night.
01:48:25Firefighters
01:48:26extinguish fire
01:48:27with wet water.
01:48:28It is water
01:48:29mixed with
01:48:30wet agents.
01:48:31It is a chemical product
01:48:32that helps water
01:48:33to permeate objects
01:48:34and spread
01:48:35more easily.
01:48:38The sun
01:48:39is a medium-sized star.
01:48:41However,
01:48:42it is 1,300,000 times
01:48:43the size of the Earth
01:48:44and weighs
01:48:45333,000 times more.
01:48:51We can dictate
01:48:52our e-mails
01:48:53in Morse
01:48:54since 2004.
01:48:55This date
01:48:56corresponds
01:48:57to the codification
01:48:58date
01:48:59of the arrow symbol.
01:49:00The arrow
01:49:01is also called
01:49:02comat
01:49:03for commercial A
01:49:04and corresponds
01:49:05to the letters
01:49:06A and C
01:49:07combined.
01:49:10The Empire State Building
01:49:11tower
01:49:12was designed
01:49:13to serve
01:49:14as a reception
01:49:15station
01:49:16for the managers.
01:49:17At the time,
01:49:18people thought
01:49:19that these machines
01:49:20would become
01:49:21the main means
01:49:22of transport
01:49:23of the future.
01:49:24The project
01:49:25included bridges,
01:49:27but engineers realized
01:49:28that the wind up there
01:49:29was too strong
01:49:30for their plans
01:49:31and gave up
01:49:32on their idea.
01:49:33The Salto Rangel
01:49:34is the highest
01:49:35waterfall
01:49:36on the planet
01:49:37and more than
01:49:38twice as high
01:49:39as the Empire State Building.
01:49:40During the dry season,
01:49:41the falling water
01:49:42sometimes evaporates
01:49:43before reaching the ground.
01:49:46The Blue Pelin
01:49:47is one of the most mysterious
01:49:48sounds ever heard
01:49:49on Earth.
01:49:50It occurred in 1997
01:49:51and resembled
01:49:52the sounds
01:49:53of marine animals.
01:49:54But the volume
01:49:55was too important
01:49:56for a sound
01:49:57produced by
01:49:58a living creature.
01:49:59The bloop
01:50:00continued for a minute.
01:50:01It started
01:50:02with a deaf grunt
01:50:03and then increased
01:50:04in frequency.
01:50:05Although Antarctica
01:50:06may look like
01:50:07a huge ice field,
01:50:08there is actually
01:50:09a huge continent
01:50:10below.
01:50:11This means
01:50:12that there are
01:50:13volcanoes,
01:50:14mountains
01:50:15and valleys
01:50:16like on any other continent.
01:50:17Scientists
01:50:18have recently discovered
01:50:19that the continental mass
01:50:20of Antarctica
01:50:21had the lowest point
01:50:22on the planet
01:50:23outside the oceans
01:50:24as well as
01:50:25huge mountain ranges.
01:50:26If one of these
01:50:27numerous volcanoes
01:50:28erupted,
01:50:29it would melt
01:50:30a huge part
01:50:31of the surface ice
01:50:32and increase
01:50:33the ice
01:50:34in the ocean.
01:50:35The sea level
01:50:36would increase
01:50:37and flood
01:50:38the coastal areas
01:50:39of the entire world.
01:50:40The oceans
01:50:41would also be disturbed,
01:50:42putting marine life
01:50:43in danger.
01:50:44Fortunately,
01:50:45all these volcanoes
01:50:46are asleep
01:50:47for the moment.
01:50:48A day
01:50:49at the South Pole
01:50:50lasts six months
01:50:51on this continent.
01:50:52The South Pole
01:50:53has only one sunset
01:50:54and one sunrise
01:50:55over an entire year.
01:50:56The primitive Earth
01:50:57could have been
01:50:58purple
01:50:59and not green.
01:51:00There is a theory
01:51:01that says
01:51:02ancient microbes
01:51:03used molecules
01:51:04other than chlorophyll
01:51:05to absorb
01:51:06sunlight.
01:51:07These molecules
01:51:08probably gave
01:51:09living organisms
01:51:10a purple hue.
01:51:11At the Stone Age,
01:51:12the total population
01:51:13of Central Europe
01:51:14was about 1,500 people,
01:51:15which means
01:51:16that they could have
01:51:17held everything
01:51:18on a crossbow
01:51:19and a bow
01:51:20and a bow
01:51:21and a bow
01:51:22to make a modern
01:51:23middle-sized
01:51:24crossbow.
01:51:25Astronomers
01:51:26have discovered
01:51:27that the Milky Way
01:51:28weighed about
01:51:291,500 billion
01:51:30solar masses
01:51:31knowing that
01:51:32a solar mass
01:51:33is the mass
01:51:34of our sun.
01:51:35A very small part
01:51:36of that mass
01:51:37is made up
01:51:38of a supermassive
01:51:39black hole
01:51:40in the center
01:51:41of the galaxy,
01:51:424 million solar masses
01:51:43and 200 billion stars.
01:51:44The rest
01:51:45is black material
01:51:46mysterious
01:51:47and invisible.
01:51:48If all the layers
01:51:50of ice
01:51:51At the same time, the sea level rose to the height of a 26-story building.
01:51:57Under the black light, or UV, the bananas that ripen have a bright blue color.
01:52:01It is because of the chlorophyll that breaks down when the fruit ripens.
01:52:06Because of the movement of the tectonic plates, the Pacific Ocean shrinks every year,
01:52:11and the Atlantic Ocean increases in the same proportion.
01:52:14Today, there are only two glacial caps in the world,
01:52:18dating from the last glacial period of the planet.
01:52:21The first is the Glacier Cap of Greenland.
01:52:23The second, huge, is that of Antarctica.
01:52:26It is the size of Mexico and the United States combined.
01:52:30Tsunami waves often pass unnoticed in the middle of the sea.
01:52:33They do not rise more than a few centimeters above the surface
01:52:36until they reach shallow waters.
01:52:39But when the ocean is deep,
01:52:41they can travel as fast as a long-haul airliner.
01:52:45The corals that live in shallow waters
01:52:47produce their own protection against the sun.
01:52:50In them, sunlight would harm the algae that live inside them.
01:52:54To protect these algae, which are the main source of food for corals,
01:52:58they become fluorescent.
01:53:00This process makes it possible to make proteins that act like a solar screen.
01:53:05Nearly 90% of all volcanic activity on Earth occurs in the oceans.
01:53:10The South Pacific has the largest concentration of volcanoes that we know of.
01:53:14A group of volcanoes in particular has 1,133 volcanic cones.
01:53:18They are all active and enclosed in an area the size of New York State.
01:53:23The Zemschug Canyon, in the middle of the Bering Sea,
01:53:26is the largest underwater canyon ever discovered.
01:53:30There are more treasures and artifacts at the bottom of the ocean
01:53:33than in all the museums of the world combined.
01:53:36In 1900, one of the largest hurricanes ever hit Central America and the Gulf of Mexico.
01:53:42It then continued its course to Florida and Texas,
01:53:45and it is considered the most devastating hurricane in the history of the United States.
01:53:50It was detected for the first time on August 27 and lasted several days.
01:53:54When it reached the Texas coast,
01:53:56the storm turned into a category 4 hurricane.
01:53:59Hurricanes are classified according to the speed and intensity of the winds
01:54:03with the help of a scale called the Saffir-Simpson scale.
01:54:06There are 5 categories, ranging from 1 to 5,
01:54:091 being the weakest and 5 the strongest.
01:54:12The inhabitants of Galveston had less than 4 days to prepare for the arrival of the hurricane,
01:54:17which even reached Oklahoma and Kansas.
01:54:20The great hurricane then headed for the Great Plains
01:54:23and swept towards the Great Lakes, New England, and reached Southeast Canada.
01:54:28The storm was so violent that more than 3,600 houses were damaged,
01:54:33even if they were strong enough to resist.
01:54:36Given the population of the time,
01:54:38this is equivalent to hundreds of thousands of houses destroyed, or even millions.
01:54:43Spotted Lake is often considered the most magical place in Canada.
01:54:48In winter and spring, it's just an ordinary lake that looks like any other.
01:54:52But try to go there in the summer, when the water starts to evaporate.
01:54:56You'll feel like you're in another world,
01:54:59a woodland landscape with blue, green, and yellow spots.
01:55:03During the summer, there are more than 300 pools here, and they all look magical.
01:55:07Over the centuries, people have believed that each of them had different curative properties.
01:55:12The explanation for these sparkling colors is pure science.
01:55:15Each of them has a strong concentration of different minerals.
01:55:19We actually live inside the sun.
01:55:21Its atmosphere extends well beyond its visible surface,
01:55:24and even if the Earth is 150 million kilometers away from the star,
01:55:28it is always close to the atmosphere of the sun.
01:55:31Polar auroras occur when charged particles from the sun
01:55:35are captured by the Earth's magnetic field
01:55:38and crash into the high atmosphere near the poles.
01:55:41The rotation speed of our planet is gradually decreasing.
01:55:45It happens at a calm rate of 17 milliseconds per slice of 100 years.
01:55:49Because of this, our days are getting longer and longer.
01:55:52And yet, it is only after 140 million years that a day on Earth will last 25 hours.
01:55:58Antarctica, the southernmost continent of the Earth, is only the fifth largest.
01:56:02But it contains nearly 70% of the planet's fresh water
01:56:06and 90% of the world's ice.
01:56:08Antarctica is also considered a desert.
01:56:11Many rocks on Earth have a Martian origin.
01:56:14Scientists have analyzed the chemical content
01:56:17of some meteorites found in the Sahara Desert,
01:56:20Antarctica and other places,
01:56:22and it turned out that these rocks came from the Red Planet.
01:56:27The world's largest sand castle is in Denmark.
01:56:30The 30 sculptors who created it used more than 5,000 tons of sand.
01:56:34To make it more durable, they added 10% clay and a layer of glue.
01:56:39They built it to resist long and stormy winters.
01:56:44Some photons that are not absorbed are re-emitted
01:56:47and their wavelength determines the color we see.
01:56:50When you expose a material to sunlight or to photons of higher energy,
01:56:54it can damage its chromophores.
01:56:57That's why they can't emit photons at certain wavelengths.
01:57:01Red materials stick the most to sunlight.
01:57:04Their chromophores emit red light
01:57:07so as to cover the photons of other wavelengths.
01:57:11Every day, between 60 and 100 tons of space dust
01:57:15drift towards the surface of our planet.
01:57:18These tiny cosmic particles are mainly released by comets,
01:57:22which are generally composed of dust and ice.
01:57:25When the sun transforms this ice into steam,
01:57:28the remaining dust descends to Earth.
01:57:33There are always two sides to every story,
01:57:36just like a classic cotton disc.
01:57:38Two different textures, to be more precise.
01:57:41One is smooth, and you're supposed to use it for the most sensitive areas of your face,
01:57:45such as the eyes.
01:57:47The rougher side can help you remove makeup and clean your face
01:57:51in less sensitive areas, such as the forehead.
01:57:55If you like to have plants in your house,
01:57:57you've probably noticed that flower pots have holes in the bottom.
01:58:01These holes are the reason why your plant friends lead a happy life.
01:58:05They are extremely important for water evacuation.
01:58:08Thanks to these holes, you will avoid stagnant water accumulation,
01:58:11which can possibly harm your plant.
01:58:14In addition, thanks to the holes, the roots can develop
01:58:17and extend beyond the limits of your skin.
01:58:21Have you noticed that aviator sunglasses often have green glasses?
01:58:26This has something to do with their origin.
01:58:29They appeared in the 1930s.
01:58:31Before that, pilots wore protective glasses to protect their eyes
01:58:35when they were flying.
01:58:37The high altitudes, the dazzling sun, and the negative temperatures
01:58:40were a real test for their eyes.
01:58:44The glasses helped them to solve these problems, but there was another one.
01:58:48As the temperature differences between the outside and the inside of the glasses
01:58:51were significant, the lenses fogged up and obscured the pilot's view.
01:58:56The company Bausch & Lomb therefore designed lenses
01:59:00in the form of drops of water surrounded by a light metal frame.
01:59:04The lenses were dark green because this shade eliminates blue light,
01:59:08which is also a problem for pilots when they fly above the cloud line.
01:59:13In addition, green glasses reduce reflections and improve contrast and sharpness.
01:59:20Oh, there are holes on the side of your Converse sneakers.
01:59:23Are they really necessary?
01:59:25Well, they allow the air to enter your shoes so that your feet stay cool.
01:59:29You can also use them to give style to your sneakers
01:59:32and attach them in different ways.
01:59:36There are two reasons why plastic bottles have holes.
01:59:39First, if you drink water and it is hot outside,
01:59:42you will see that there is a lot of condensation on your bottle.
01:59:46Or if you do sports or weight training.
01:59:49Your hands are wet and if the bottle had a smooth surface,
01:59:52it would be more difficult to grab it.
01:59:54The holes are there to improve your grip.
01:59:58The second reason is that thanks to these holes,
02:00:00manufacturers can use a thinner plastic.
02:00:03This means that they need less material in total production.
02:00:07And this plastic remains firm enough for the bottle to retain its shape.
02:00:13Wooden coat hangers are not only there to be beautiful.
02:00:16As they are made of cedar wood,
02:00:18they bring a pleasant scent to your closet.
02:00:20In addition, they repel insects.
02:00:22They are also super hard,
02:00:24which is convenient for heavy clothes like jackets.
02:00:27And as it is difficult to damage them,
02:00:29they will serve you longer.
02:00:33You may have noticed that there is a square of color
02:00:35at the bottom of your toothpaste.
02:00:38These blocks are generally in blue, red, iron and black.
02:00:43These are kind of landmarks,
02:00:44because they help the machines of the assembly line
02:00:46to recognize where and when to cut the toothpaste
02:00:49and seal the end of the tube.
02:00:54Some boots have loops on the top and on the back.
02:00:57This can seem like a fashion effect, right?
02:01:00Or maybe it's something that manufacturers add for fun.
02:01:03But these loops are actually useful.
02:01:05They allow you to pull the shoe when you try to put it on.
02:01:09In addition, you can easily hang them
02:01:11or use the loop to better hold the laces.
02:01:15Time for confessions.
02:01:16Do you remember the accessories provided with your vacuum cleaner?
02:01:20You also put them aside and never used them again?
02:01:24They are actually very useful when you clean the house,
02:01:26because you can use them in particular areas
02:01:28that are sometimes difficult to reach with the normal accessory.
02:01:33We all know what a condom is for.
02:01:35But in addition to peeling the skin of carrots or potatoes,
02:01:38you can also use it for onions.
02:01:40It may be faster than doing it with a knife
02:01:43and it will save you a few tears.
02:01:46Some sweaters have something quite special about the neck.
02:01:50A V-shaped seam
02:01:52that you can see in the middle of the neck.
02:01:54This V-shaped element,
02:01:56similar to the edges of the hem and sleeves,
02:01:58will allow the owner to put on the clothes more easily.
02:02:01And it won't even lose its shape.
02:02:03The V-shaped piece is extensible,
02:02:05so that a person wearing the sweater
02:02:07can pass their head through the neck.
02:02:09Its purpose is also to absorb sweat.
02:02:11In its first versions,
02:02:12the green sweater had a collar at the front and back.
02:02:16Over time, they lost the back.
02:02:18And this V has become something decorative,
02:02:20since the manufacturers started to sew on the collar
02:02:23without using the ribbed fabric they added before.
02:02:28The squares or bright colored circles
02:02:30that you see on the packaging of food
02:02:32are not an indication of vitamins, minerals
02:02:34or certain aromas they contain.
02:02:36And no, it's not a secret code
02:02:38that consumers are supposed to decipher.
02:02:41It's actually for printing engineers.
02:02:43They are called alignment markers.
02:02:47During the printing process of the food packaging,
02:02:50manufacturers use these color blocks
02:02:52to check if the printing ink is correct.
02:02:55They compare the color of the blocks they print
02:02:57to ensure that the brand they work for
02:02:59has a constant and recognizable quality
02:03:01all over the world.
02:03:04Most printers use only four colors,
02:03:07yellow, magenta, cyan and black.
02:03:10Some printers have additional colors
02:03:12like green, orange and purple.
02:03:16That's why you sometimes see several circles
02:03:18on some packaging.
02:03:20They test each ink color.
02:03:23The margins in the notebooks.
02:03:25They are not there as a kind of guide
02:03:27to take notes and write.
02:03:29Someone imagined a potential solution
02:03:31supposed to protect the written work
02:03:33against, well, the rats.
02:03:35In the past, they were quite common
02:03:37in people's homes.
02:03:39They are known for their diet,
02:03:41which includes practically everything,
02:03:43including paper.
02:03:45They are known for their large margins,
02:03:47like in Musgul, which was supposed
02:03:49to satisfy the rats.
02:03:51Thus, they could not reach
02:03:53the main dish, the written pages.
02:03:55The costumes have a buttonhole
02:03:57near the neck of the jacket.
02:03:59Manufacturers sew it
02:04:01so that you can't open it
02:04:03without damaging your costume.
02:04:05And when you compare it to the other jacket,
02:04:07you see that this one is completely smooth,
02:04:09without any trace.
02:04:11You will not find a buttonhole
02:04:13on the other jacket.
02:04:15On the other hand,
02:04:17there is a buttonhole
02:04:19on the other jacket.
02:04:21In the past,
02:04:23men mainly wore blouses
02:04:25with high collars.
02:04:27They buttoned them up.
02:04:29During the hot days,
02:04:31they released the position of the buttons,
02:04:33lowered the collars
02:04:35and left the upper button in effect.
02:04:37It was a way to relieve the heat
02:04:39and in addition, their folded collars
02:04:41and today we identify it
02:04:43as a reverse.
02:04:45People stopped using this buttonhole
02:04:47after the appearance of the reverse,
02:04:49except for certain formal occasions,
02:04:51such as when you wanted to put a flower on it.
02:04:53That's why the seamstresses
02:04:55have left it as a fashion element.
02:04:57Let's talk a little about tea bags.
02:04:59It's easy enough to guess
02:05:01what they are for, but they can also be useful
02:05:03if you have feet that feel bad
02:05:05after a long day in your shoes.
02:05:07You just have to put new tea bags,
02:05:09of course, during the night.
02:05:11When you wake up,
02:05:13the tea bags will have absorbed
02:05:15all the unwanted smells.
02:05:17However, don't forget to throw them away afterwards.
02:05:19You can't soak a tea with a strange smell,
02:05:21can you?
02:05:23You can also use the buttonholes
02:05:25to keep your money together.
02:05:27The same goes for the trombones.
02:05:29If your favorite bracelet breaks
02:05:31and you're looking for a way to keep it,
02:05:33a trombone can help you.
02:05:35You just have to hang one

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