Survivalist Donny Dust answers your questions about primitive skills and surviving in the wild from Twitter. How do you start a campfire without any matches? If igloos are made of ice, how do they keep you warm? What is the most nutritious insect to eat? What does it mean to die by exposure? Answers to these questions and many more await—it's Survivalist Support.Check out Donny Dust's new book, Wild Wisdom, and pick up a copy at https://www.simonandschuster.com/books/Wild-Wisdom/Donny-Dust/9781668013434Director: Justin WolfsonDirector of Photography: Josh BaneEditor: Cory StevensExpert: Donny DustLine Producer: Joseph BuscemiAssociate Producer: Brandon WhiteProduction Manager: Peter BrunetteProduction & Equipment Manager: Kevin BalashCasting Producer: Nicholas SawyerCamera Operator: Freddie OchoaSound Mixer: Carlos HernandezProduction Assistant: Chloe SmithPost Production Supervisor: Christian OlguinPost Production Coordinator: Ian BryantSupervising Editor: Doug LarsenAdditional Editor: Jason MaliziaAssistant Editor: Billy Ward
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00:00 I'm Donnie Dust, survivalist and primitive skills expert.
00:03 I'm here today to answer your questions from the internet.
00:06 This is survivalist support.
00:08 Question number one.
00:13 CDN Pooh Bear, why do survivalists say to drink your urine if lost in the wild?
00:19 No thanks.
00:20 You're absolutely right.
00:21 No thanks.
00:22 Do not drink your urine.
00:24 It is a waste output.
00:26 It is the waste from your body.
00:27 The last thing you want to do is drink your urine.
00:30 It is a bad idea to do.
00:32 Next question is from a survivalists.
00:34 How do you navigate without a compass or GPS?
00:37 There are a number of ways that you can apply some natural navigation.
00:41 Anytime we see a crescent moon, just like the tattoo on my hand is a crescent.
00:45 When you're in the northern hemisphere and you see a crescent moon in the sky,
00:50 if you follow tip to tip all the way down to the horizon, that is a cardinal direction of south.
00:55 When you see puddles, puddles will typically dry from a southern edge to a northern edge
01:01 because the sun moves through the sky in a certain direction.
01:04 If you see snow on certain mountain edges, well, snow likes to be protected.
01:08 Typically, snow will last longer on a northern side compared to a southern side.
01:13 We've all heard the saying about moss only grows on the north side of a tree.
01:17 Well, moss will grow 360 degrees around a tree,
01:21 but dry moss will typically die out first compared to a wet moss.
01:24 And the dry moss is dry because it's getting hit by the sun.
01:28 Even looking at trees, all tree branches will have a natural bend towards the sun.
01:33 That can be a cardinal direction.
01:34 So if you take multiple natural signs and indicators of a direction, compile them together,
01:40 that can give you a cardinal direction when you don't have a map or a GPS.
01:44 From @LifeMathAndMoney, what does it mean to die by exposure?
01:49 When you die from exposure, it means simply that the elements are going to kill you.
01:54 That could be sun, that could be cold weather, that could be rain,
01:57 it could be anything that's out in that natural environment in the form of weather.
02:00 When you don't have a shelter or the proper clothing, you are essentially exposed to it.
02:05 Whether it's your bare skin or improper footwear or even maybe a beanie not covering your head,
02:09 exposure will kill you fast.
02:11 Question from Reddit, is it possible to make a knife out of wilderness materials?
02:17 You can definitely make a knife out of wilderness material.
02:20 The easiest way to make a knife out of wilderness material is a process called flint knapping or
02:25 lithic reduction.
02:26 What it requires is a piece of stone that is high in silicate and when it breaks,
02:31 it breaks similar to glass.
02:33 It has a waxy, glassy, smooth and featureless sort of interior.
02:38 Not all stones are the same.
02:40 This right here is a granite cobble.
02:42 This here is a piece of chert.
02:43 It has a high silicate rate and when I strike it with the cobble,
02:47 it's going to create essentially a razor blade flake that I can use to process all manner of game,
02:52 cut fibers, cut notches in fireboards.
02:55 I'm going to support my stone underneath, a few little taps,
02:58 and that right there is your knife.
03:03 This edge is razor sharp.
03:05 It can cut just about anything.
03:07 So even cutting a piece of bark tan leather, it's razor sharp.
03:13 When you hear it, it's got a little ting.
03:17 The reason why this works so well is that it breaks in a conchoidal fracture.
03:21 So if you ever shot in a BB at a windshield, it creates a perfect 90 degree cone.
03:26 With every strike, I can impact and more importantly create the blade that I want.
03:32 If I hit it harder, I get a bigger flake.
03:35 If I hit it softer, I get a smaller flake.
03:37 I can then take this small flake, turn it into a projectile point to hunt game.
03:42 I can take this bigger flake and turn it into a stone knife that I can use for any number of tasks when I'm out in the bush.
03:49 Next question, Sherry C.
03:51 How does one keep good dental hygiene as a survivalist or primitive survivalist?
03:56 What I do when I'm out in the bush is I use something called willow.
03:59 Willow is a plant that typically grows near water.
04:02 You can take any section of willow at any diameter.
04:05 And what you're going to want to do is you're going to want to peel the bark off.
04:08 Don't throw away this bark because this can also be used as aspirin in case you get a headache or you're not feeling so hot.
04:15 Peel the bark off like a banana, pop it in your mouth and you chew it with your molars.
04:19 You're twisting, you're rotating and ultimately you'll create a little paintbrush of fibers.
04:30 Take those fibers, start scrubbing your teeth.
04:33 I never bring a toothbrush with me when I know I have willow.
04:37 Ah, never had a cavity.
04:39 This question is from On The Gorge.
04:43 Can you start a campfire without matches or a lighter?
04:45 How do you do it?
04:46 One of the more scientific or what I like to call high-tech ways is something called a ferroceum rod.
04:51 A ferroceum rod is a synthetic made rod.
04:54 It's man-made.
04:54 You can't find it naturally in the environment.
04:56 They can reach an excess of around 5,500 degrees.
04:59 And most fires like a tinder bundle or even a small little ember is between 6 and 800 degrees.
05:06 Another option is through friction.
05:08 That's my personal favorite.
05:10 You can use something like a bow drill or a hand drill.
05:12 And that is where you are using the friction between two different types of wood
05:16 to create enough heat, more importantly enough dust that has been drilled out from one of the spindles
05:22 to create a small little ember that you drop into a tinder bundle, blow it into flame and you got a fire.
05:28 So I'm gonna use this rock as a little platform.
05:31 And I have some juniper bark that I'm gonna use as a tinder.
05:35 And I'm gonna rub it between my hands.
05:36 This is a fibrous bark.
05:38 What I want to do is I want to create a little bird's nest.
05:40 I want to try and open these fibers up as much as possible to give them a little bit more surface area.
05:45 So I wash it over my rock.
05:47 You can kind of see the bark just gently breaking up.
05:51 I'm gonna put that right on top of my rock like this.
05:53 Ferro rod and the striker.
05:56 On my striker I have a little lip and it's gonna allow me to throw sparks into my tinder bundle.
06:02 I'm gonna take my ferro rod, place it into my tinder bundle.
06:05 And I'm going to create my fire.
06:11 Let it eat the fuel.
06:13 Let it eat the tinder.
06:14 This is where I would add all my wood and I've got a fire.
06:19 So the last form of fire is fire by friction.
06:22 Specifically a bow drill.
06:24 This is a bow with a piece of cordage, a spindle and a hearth board.
06:28 And last I'm gonna have a bearing block which is a rock with a small little divot to give me downward pressure.
06:34 I'm going to combine all of these elements together by taking my spindle,
06:38 putting it in between my cordage and putting my bearing block right on the top.
06:42 Start bowing until...
06:52 I get enough heat, rotation and black dust to create a small ember.
06:59 Take this coal, drop it in your tinder bundle, blow it into flame and you've got a fire.
07:06 This is from Ray Klein.
07:08 You know beaver fever is a real thing, my dad.
07:12 Beaver fever is definitely a real thing.
07:15 But beaver fever is kind of a slang term or kind of a code term for you getting infected by some sort of waterborne pathogen.
07:21 Girardia, Cryptosporidium and even Hepatitis can be found in some sort of natural waters.
07:25 This is from JoePatrick85.
07:28 What should you do if a grizzly bear attacks?
07:31 If you do find yourself being attacked, the best thing to do is curl up in a ball,
07:35 protect the back of your head and your neck because that is the kill spot for a grizzly bear.
07:39 That's where it's going to try and take out its prey by snapping that neck, suffocating it,
07:44 just doing all sorts of damage to whatever portion of your body is exposed.
07:48 However, it's more about the prevention of a grizzly bear attacking.
07:52 Understand what's going on in that natural environment.
07:54 Is it a calving season? Are the fish running?
07:57 Is it the time right before these bears are getting ready to den up and they're very hungry and they're kind of aggressive?
08:03 Understand that environment and the factors that could attribute to a grizzly bear attack and ultimately you can reduce it.
08:09 If there is a chance that a bear is running at you and he's coming full steam ahead,
08:13 most bear attacks are something called bluff charges.
08:16 They're looking to scare you off or looking to scare you out of an area.
08:20 It doesn't mean they're going to come full force and start taking you down and tearing you to pieces.
08:24 They're just bluffing, but that bluff can be very, very close.
08:27 The best thing that you can do to let those animals know you're in the environment is to be loud,
08:32 to be kind of in their vision, if you will, and their first vision is really smell.
08:36 So if they can smell you coming, they can hear you coming, they're ultimately going to kind of flee that area.
08:41 Bear spray is an option. Carrying some bells around your dog's neck or even around your own wrists or ankles
08:47 will give just enough sound to let those predators know that you're in the area and you really don't want to be messed with.
08:53 Next question.
08:54 Why are there so many types of knots?
08:56 There are hundreds and hundreds and hundreds of knots, but I will say this.
09:02 There's only really kind of, in my mind, four categories of knots.
09:05 It's an end of the rope knot, a middle of the rope knot, an anchor knot,
09:10 and then a knot that would join two ropes together.
09:12 An end of the rope knot can also serve as an anchor knot.
09:16 Something like a bow line allows me to take a piece of material, the rope,
09:20 and create a knot at the end that can be used for any number of things.
09:25 Whether I got to hook some sort of carabiner on here, throw this over a tree,
09:30 and then lower a bag of food to protect myself from bears.
09:32 But this right here is a knot that goes at the end of my rope.
09:36 More importantly, this is something I could use to repel out of a helo or repel off the side of a cliff.
09:41 A middle of the rope knot is where I need to put a knot in the middle of the rope.
09:45 Even doing something like a butterfly or an alpine hitch allows me to take my knot and put it in the middle.
09:52 I can have somebody tied off to this side, somebody clipped in here, and somebody trailing off to this side.
09:58 The last knot, when I'm going to connect two pieces of cordage together, something like a square knot,
10:05 allows me to take two ends and know that I can secure those two ends together
10:11 and take a shortened length of rope and extend it out by connecting two ends together.
10:15 Next question is from Vin Vin.
10:16 What's the most nutritious insect?
10:19 The most nutritious insect is the one that catches a fish.
10:22 If you are finding insects that can ultimately catch a fish or catch something else,
10:27 that's going to lead to a bigger, better meal, more calories, more fat.
10:31 I would go there.
10:32 But if I have to eat some insects, and if you do have to eat some insects,
10:35 I do think you suck at your job, that's just my personal opinion,
10:38 but I would definitely go with either grasshoppers or crickets.
10:41 Because they are relatively easy to catch, they're pretty good to eat.
10:45 They're not the worst thing.
10:46 Skewer it up, squeeze the guts out, roast it over fire, ensure you kill all the parasites,
10:52 whatever could be growing on that inside, pop it in your mouth,
10:55 and it tastes like popcorn covered in insects.
10:57 Next question is from Unstable.
11:00 Next question is from Unstable Employee.
11:03 Does anyone know the best way to sharpen a machete?
11:06 There's a lot of different ways you can sharpen a machete,
11:08 and it's very similar to sharpening a knife.
11:11 My time in the jungles in Central America and in the Amazon,
11:15 my favorite thing to use was a rotten log with a handful of sand,
11:19 and I'd run that machete right back and forth across it, creating a new edge, allowing me to chop.
11:24 Next question is from Brett Patrick.
11:26 What are your top four essential survivalist tools and/or weapons?
11:30 My core four things that I always bring out with me are what I call the core four.
11:33 That is a blade of some sort, a barrier, a bottle, and an aspect of a burn or a fire making tool.
11:40 When we think of a blade, that can come in the form of a stone blade,
11:43 it can come in the form of a steel blade, or it can even come in the form of an axe.
11:47 Some sort of tool that allows you to process, allows you to cut,
11:50 it allows you to take large material and break it down.
11:53 When I think of a barrier, that could be a tarp, it could be a blanket,
11:55 it could be a sleeping bag, something that gives you a barrier from the natural environment,
12:01 something that's just going to enable you to stay warmer or stay shaded if necessary.
12:05 A bottle.
12:05 Now it sounds kind of crazy, but I'm talking about a single walled steel water bottle,
12:10 something that allows me to boil water in it, more importantly, carry water,
12:13 because water is not going to be everywhere.
12:15 So when I find a spot with water, I want to boil it out,
12:17 and I want to be able to bring it with me if I have to leave a place.
12:20 And then fire, your burn.
12:22 That is ultimately something that's going to give you an advantage
12:24 when it comes to making a fire.
12:26 That could be the form of a ferro rod or a good tinder bundle, a lighter,
12:29 a tin full of matches, but something that's going to allow you to make fire,
12:33 because fire, if you're not experienced with making fire in the bush, can be very difficult.
12:37 So give yourself that advantage, have a tool to make that fire,
12:40 and you'll be good with those core four.
12:42 This is from Question Answers.
12:44 Is the water in a wilderness lake drinkable or not?
12:47 Yes, all water in lakes, streams, rivers, and ponds are drinkable.
12:53 However, you need to purify that water.
12:56 And I'm not talking about filtering.
12:57 There's a difference between filtering water and purifying water.
13:01 When you filter water, you're going to remove the particulates,
13:04 the grasses, the leaves, a little bit of dirt and debris.
13:07 When you purify the water, you're ultimately killing all of the bacteria,
13:12 any little nasty things that could be living in that water.
13:15 The easiest way to do this is boiling water.
13:17 If you don't have the means of boiling water, a filter is a great option.
13:21 A filter that is a commercial-grade filter that will remove not only the particulates,
13:26 but the Girardia, the Cryptosporidium, the beaver fever, if you will.
13:30 It's going to remove all of those pathogens from the water, making it safe to drink.
13:34 Next question from Dat Hutch Touch 9.
13:37 How would you guys go about washing/cleaning your clothes in the wild?
13:41 Anytime I catch fish or process any game, I always wash my clothes.
13:45 I don't want that smell.
13:46 I don't want that oil.
13:47 I don't want that fat on my clothes.
13:49 It's going to attract bears, all sorts of little vermin.
13:51 You want to avoid that.
13:52 Strip yourself down, find a stream, grab a handful of sand or a coarse rock,
13:58 and work it into that clothing fiber.
14:00 You're looking to exfoliate all of that kind of saturated stuff that's on the clothing.
14:06 Scrub it out, wash, rinse, repeat.
14:08 Do that two or three times, air dry them out.
14:11 You'll definitely be good to go.
14:12 But if you do want something that has a little bit more of like antibacterial fighting
14:17 or something that's more soapy, there are plants, something like a yucca or something
14:21 like a sage that you can incorporate into that wash and get them a little bit cleaner,
14:25 smelling a little bit fresher.
14:26 Take that yucca root, smash it up.
14:28 It's going to have a lot of saponins in it, and it's going to be kind of a sudsy material.
14:32 Sage, stick it in your pockets, wash it with that sand, that coarse rock in a stream,
14:38 and you're going to make your clothes a little bit fresher.
14:40 Next question is from Quora.
14:42 How do you treat common injuries or illness in the wild?
14:46 Mostly weeds, all the stuff you pick out of your yards, those are some of the most
14:50 beneficial for you.
14:51 Even something like stinging nettle.
14:53 Stinging nettle will sting you.
14:55 And what do you do with stinging nettle to get rid of that sting?
14:58 Take that same leaf that stung you, roll it up in your fingers, spit in your hand, make
15:03 a little spit poultice, and scrub those little needles out of your hand, and you'll ease
15:08 that pain.
15:08 Something as simple as dandelion root, something as simple as yarrow, all those things can
15:13 kill infections, can kill bacteria inside of you.
15:16 So the medicinal plants, it takes years of knowledge, a lot of experience to really get
15:20 to know them.
15:21 But once you do know them, there's endless opportunities.
15:24 Most of the medicines that we have today typically derive from some sort of plant-based medicine.
15:29 Hot update one.
15:30 Does anyone know how to catch a rabbit?
15:34 How do I make a trap?
15:35 How do I bait it?
15:36 What to bait it with?
15:37 It's very, very important to note primitive trapping in the United States is 100% illegal.
15:43 Typically, if you're going to be doing any sort of trapping, you have to be in a no-shit
15:48 survival situation.
15:49 Like, food is a must, and you're going through all those means to try to get some food.
15:54 If that is the case, the best options are snares.
15:57 Snares work in a variety of ways, but the most simplest of snare is a wire snare or
16:02 a small piece of cordage snare.
16:04 And what that is is really where you identify the path that an animal travels.
16:08 A path to its den, a path to water, a path to food.
16:12 And what you would do is create a small snare in that path.
16:15 Why?
16:16 Because that's the process and the route that that animal is traveling.
16:18 And a snare is essentially a small little noose that's hung off of a stick or a tree
16:23 that when the animal walks through, its head is going to fit through, but its shoulders
16:28 are going to be a little bit too wide, and that noose is going to shrink down onto its
16:32 head as it starts to move through or as it starts to run, creating a super tight little
16:37 noose around its head, and ultimately, it expires.
16:41 But here's the catch.
16:42 If you are in a survival situation and you do have to employ some sort of snare, you
16:46 have to be the first one to that animal once it's caught.
16:49 Because an animal in distress, a coyote, a fox, any sort of scavenger or predator is
16:54 going to key in on that sound and try and get to that animal before you do.
16:58 This is from Apocalypse Outdoor.
17:00 Do life straws actually work?
17:03 I picked one up at the store today, and I'm a little skeptical about using it though.
17:08 Life straws are a great option.
17:10 Essentially, life straw is a giant straw that allows you to put the straw directly
17:15 into the water and start drinking.
17:16 That straw has all the filtering mechanisms and purification mechanisms inside for you
17:22 to suck up dirty water and ultimately consume safe, clean, drinkable water.
17:26 This is from Cirgosoft.
17:27 How do you make a primitive fish trap?
17:29 Primitive fish traps are a very popular way to catch fish.
17:33 The reason why is it is a passive means of acquiring food.
17:37 A passive means, like a fish trap, allows you to be doing something else while it's
17:42 working for you.
17:43 Now, there's a variety of fish traps, from basket traps to fish weirs to even spring
17:48 pull snares that will trigger when a fish takes the bait.
17:51 The key difference is understanding what is required to set those up.
17:55 Fish weirs can come from logs and stones, and that just allows the fish in a stream
18:00 to kind of move into a trap and get stuck there.
18:03 You come over there later, spear them, throw them out on the bank with your hands, and
18:07 you've got a meal.
18:08 A basket trap is more like a funnel.
18:10 Going with the stream, it's going to swim into that basket trap, ultimately getting
18:14 trapped.
18:15 Think about the traps and how many fish that they can catch.
18:18 A basket trap, maybe two, three, or four.
18:21 A giant fish weir, 20 or 30.
18:23 And a spring pull snare designed for catching fish.
18:26 Maybe we'll get you one.
18:27 This is from Anson McCain.
18:29 Do you know how to survive falling through the ice?
18:31 Most people quickly drown.
18:33 And the reason why is your body goes into what's called a cold water shock response.
18:38 Soon as your flesh touches that water, you instantly want to breathe in.
18:42 You want to take a deep breath.
18:43 And when you do that, you ultimately inhale water and quickly drown.
18:48 Also, people have a tendency, even if they get their feet or even close to their knees
18:52 wet, they start to hyperventilate.
18:53 And it causes them to breathe erratically.
18:56 And in a higher elevation, it can definitely lead to quickly passing out into that icy
19:00 water and drowning.
19:02 If you do find yourself in water, hold your breath, come back up, grab onto that edge,
19:07 create as much space as you can.
19:10 Spread your body weight out and crawl across that ice until you can get to a piece of solid
19:15 ground.
19:15 Strip all your clothes off and try to create a fire.
19:19 Take anything that's dry.
19:20 Maybe somebody else has some clothing.
19:22 But you need to start rewarming yourself.
19:24 If you have none of those things, exercise, running in place, jumping jacks, pushups,
19:29 whatever you can do to keep your body core temperature at a much higher level.
19:34 Next question is from Tyler Arbuckle.
19:36 If an igloo is made of ice, how does it keep you warm?
19:40 An igloo isn't technically made out of ice.
19:43 It's made out of snow.
19:44 And it's made out of kind of a specific type of snow, a highly compacted snow.
19:49 More importantly, snow is mostly air if you really think about it.
19:52 So essentially, that snow is a great thermal layer, being that it's mostly air.
19:57 Once you create that igloo shape and you crawl inside of it, your body heat will ultimately
20:03 heat up that entire igloo.
20:05 A lot of the igloos you see on YouTube and different survival shows aren't really the
20:10 100% authentic igloos.
20:12 Most Inuit, most Nunyavid or Eskimo igloos you would come across were typically lined
20:17 with animal skin, seal skins and caribou skins to be exact.
20:21 And they were typically heated by something called a kudlik, which is a small oil lamp,
20:25 essentially seal oil or seal fat.
20:27 That small kudlik heating the inside of the igloo along with the animal skins creates
20:32 a pretty warm shelter.
20:34 Next question is from Nicole Apellian.
20:36 Shelter is key to survival in the wilderness.
20:39 If you're in a pinch, an old cedar stump can make a great shelter from the elements.
20:43 What are some other possible natural shelters you may find in the wilderness?
20:47 A free shelter is always the best shelter.
20:50 Caves, rock overhangs, large boulder fields where you have fixed immovable boulders, all
20:56 of those can create a barrier from the wind or any of the elements.
20:59 More importantly, it doesn't require you to make anything or to craft anything or cut
21:03 anything down.
21:04 If it's there and it's safe to be in there, that's a great shelter.
21:08 Next question is from Willy Wonka the Fearful.
21:11 When backpacking alone, how do you combat loneliness?
21:15 Loneliness is definitely a factor.
21:16 And I believe there's been some studies proving that about three months completely isolated
21:21 and alone can lead to all sorts of mental issues.
21:23 We are primates and we typically like to stay together in small groups and small little
21:28 bands.
21:28 But to combat loneliness, you have to stay active.
21:31 You have to stay busy.
21:32 You always have to think about how can I improve upon my current situation.
21:36 If I have a shelter, I have a fire, I have a sustainable source of food, how can I make
21:41 that better?
21:42 Keeping your mind occupied will ultimately help you battle out some of that loneliness.
21:46 Next question is from Tony Mohorovic.
21:49 TV show, vegetarian survivalist.
21:51 10 vegetarians/vegans are dropped into the wilderness.
21:55 Who will be the last plant-based eater to survive?
21:58 Who will succumb to hunger for the flesh?
22:01 That's an interesting TV show to be honest with you.
22:03 But here's a fun fact.
22:04 I was a vegan for a year and a half based on a dare.
22:08 A buddy of mine dared me to only eat plant-based sort of materials for about 90 days.
22:13 I said, sure, why not?
22:14 But the one thing it taught me was the plants I could eat in the bush.
22:17 And let me tell you, there's tons of them.
22:19 Plants, berries, roots, you name it.
22:22 There's a variety of food options out there.
22:24 Are they as calorically high compared to eating a squirrel or a possum or some sort of deer?
22:30 Absolutely not.
22:31 But it will keep you alive.
22:32 It will keep you fed.
22:33 Next question is from Brilliant Ratio 2412.
22:37 What are the best animals to eat that are safest to consume in the wild with no parasites
22:43 that you'd get?
22:44 Not all animals have parasites.
22:46 It's kind of a myth.
22:48 There are certain animals that are scavengers or eat dead things, are more likely to have
22:52 parasites and have different sort of bacteria on their flesh, in their flesh, or on their
22:57 fur.
22:58 You want to avoid those.
22:59 But squirrels, rabbits, possum, elk, deer, moose, all those sort of things are very safe
23:04 to eat.
23:05 This is from History TV Canada.
23:07 If you were a contestant on Alone and you could only bring one item with you, what item
23:12 would you bring?
23:13 Well, ironically enough, I was a contestant on Alone up in the Canadian Arctic and I was
23:18 afforded to bring 10 items.
23:19 But if I could only bring one item, I would definitely bring an axe.
23:23 But an axe, a big chopping tool to fell trees, to build a shelter, to cut firewood, to make
23:29 spears, all of that right there is essential with an axe.
23:32 This is from Reddit Ask.
23:34 If you got lost hiking, what's your best survival advice?
23:38 If you're ever lost when you're hiking, you hear a lot of people say you should stay in
23:42 place.
23:42 And I agree to that to a certain point.
23:44 What if you're on the side of a cliff or you're hanging on the edge of a floodplain?
23:48 The most important thing when you are lost is get to a safe location where you can find
23:53 some form of shelter and then stay put.
23:56 Once you're in that stay put situation, you need to start thinking about how I can signal
24:00 for help.
24:01 And how you signal for help is anything that's going to give you contrasting colors, movement,
24:06 and anything that's extremely loud.
24:08 So a whistle, maybe waving a jacket high over your head.
24:11 The movement, the color, and the sound will ultimately allow a search and rescue, a rescue
24:16 plane, any other additional hikers find you when you're lost in the bush.
24:20 That's all the questions I have received from the internet.
24:23 I hope you learned something and I'll see you in the bush.
24:28 [BLANK_AUDIO]