Si vous voyez ces fleurs de l'océan, nagez vite !

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Transcript

00:00:00Welcome, dear guests, and welcome to the Saint Aquarium.

00:00:04Here, you will be able to admire the most dangerous marine and oceanic creatures,

00:00:08but do not let yourself be misled by what I said.

00:00:10It is highly possible that you met one of these underwater creatures

00:00:13during a banal walk on the beach.

00:00:16So look at them carefully right now, and you could avoid the worst.

00:00:22Is it a fish or an old rock?

00:00:25What you are observing is commonly called the stone fish,

00:00:28or, if not, for the faint of heart.

00:00:32If you like diving and observing the seabed,

00:00:35you may have already met one, without even noticing it.

00:00:38Its appearance makes it almost impossible to distinguish it from any other stone,

00:00:42due to its gray coloration and its sharp appearance.

00:00:46Especially if your diving glasses are a little fogged up.

00:00:49Finally, you would better be careful,

00:00:51because otherwise the consequences could be devastating,

00:00:54since stone fish are among the most venomous there are.

00:00:58Although certain types of stone fish are known to live in rivers,

00:01:01most of them live in coral reefs near the tropics of the Pacific and Indian Oceans.

00:01:06The spines of their dorsal fins, in the shape of needles,

00:01:09stand up when they feel disturbed or threatened,

00:01:12and inject the poison they contain.

00:01:14The most common reason for stone fish bites

00:01:16is that swimmers walk on them without realizing it.

00:01:19However, it is not necessary to be in the water to be bitten.

00:01:22As they can survive out of the water for up to 24 hours,

00:01:25you should also be careful where you walk when you go to the beach.

00:01:28People who have been bitten by stone fish

00:01:31describe it as an extremely painful experience.

00:01:34This venom can cause infections,

00:01:36and in some cases it is known to have resulted in a state of shock,

00:01:39or even a paralysis.

00:01:41This may seem surprising, but despite its bad reputation,

00:01:44the stone fish is quite edible if it is properly prepared.

00:01:48When the fish is cooked, its venom decomposes,

00:01:51and if its dorsal fins, which are the main source of its venom, are removed,

00:01:54the raw stone fish can also be served as sashimi.

00:01:59This creature may look like it came out of a sci-fi movie,

00:02:02but it is very real.

00:02:04Say hello to the blue-tailed octopus.

00:02:07Don't be fooled by its small size,

00:02:09which can go from 12 to 20 cm,

00:02:11counting the tentacles,

00:02:13because these little creatures are full of venom,

00:02:15capable of affecting up to 26 people in a few minutes.

00:02:19Just like stone fish,

00:02:21the blue-tailed octopus is found in the Pacific and Indian Oceans,

00:02:25from Japan to Australia.

00:02:28They generally live in the coral reefs

00:02:30and rocky areas at the bottom of the seas.

00:02:32They can also be found in residual marshes,

00:02:34marine herbivores and lidalgos.

00:02:37Blue-tailed octopuses are not aggressive by nature.

00:02:40When they are not looking for food,

00:02:42such as crabs and shrimps,

00:02:44or looking for a partner,

00:02:46they often hide in marine reefs,

00:02:48seashells or crevasses.

00:02:50When they are attacked,

00:02:52they become dangerous for humans.

00:02:54When they are threatened,

00:02:56they take a bright yellow color

00:02:58and iridescent blue rings

00:03:00appear on all their bodies

00:03:02as a warning to their potential predators.

00:03:04Their bite is usually unnoticed,

00:03:06so you can't realize you've been stung

00:03:08before it's too late.

00:03:10The venom of a blue-tailed octopus can cause dizziness,

00:03:13as well as a loss of senses and motor skills,

00:03:15and finally paralysis.

00:03:17So it's better to keep your hands to yourself

00:03:19and slow down if you see one.

00:03:23No, it's not a bouquet of flowers,

00:03:25so don't try to pick it up

00:03:27and feel one of its pinkish cubes.

00:03:29What you see is a marine animal

00:03:31called the blue-tailed octopus.

00:03:34It may look beautiful,

00:03:36but don't be fooled by its appearance.

00:03:38It was named the most dangerous

00:03:40in the Guinness Book of Records in 2014.

00:03:42Blue-tailed octopuses live in tropical areas

00:03:44of the Indo-Pacific basin

00:03:46and generally live in coral reefs,

00:03:48rocks, sand, and marine shrubs

00:03:50at depths from 0 to 90 meters.

00:03:55Their most remarkable feature

00:03:57is their pedicellar,

00:03:59which are defensive organs in the shape of claws,

00:04:01which can also be found in sea stars.

00:04:03What sets them apart from all the other sea urchins

00:04:05is the fact that their pedicellar

00:04:07are, as their name suggests, in the shape of flowers,

00:04:09and generally pinkish-white

00:04:11to pale yellowish-white,

00:04:13with a purple central point.

00:04:16Hidden under these flowers,

00:04:18they also have short, mossy spines.

00:04:21Although many sea urchins

00:04:23deliver their venom through these spines,

00:04:25sea urchins do so through their pedicellar,

00:04:27or flowers.

00:04:30If they are not disturbed,

00:04:32the ends of these flowers

00:04:34generally have a rounded,

00:04:36elongated shape.

00:04:38Their surface has tiny sensors

00:04:40with which they can detect danger.

00:04:42And when they come into contact

00:04:44with other sea urchins,

00:04:46they immediately close their eyes

00:04:48and start injecting their venom.

00:04:50What is curious

00:04:52is that the small claws of these flowers

00:04:54can sometimes detach from their spines,

00:04:56cling to the point in contact

00:04:58and continue to inject venom

00:05:00for hours on end.

00:05:02It looks like a giant ice flake

00:05:04with a melted raspberry, doesn't it?

00:05:06You'd like that,

00:05:08except it's a lion's mane jellyfish,

00:05:10also called capillary cyanide.

00:05:14They are known for preferring cold waters,

00:05:16which is why they are found

00:05:18mainly in the Arctic Ocean,

00:05:20North Atlantic and North Pacific.

00:05:22But it is also possible

00:05:24to see them around the British Isles

00:05:26and in the Scandinavian waters.

00:05:28The lion's mane jellyfish

00:05:30is one of the largest known species of jellyfish.

00:05:34They owe their name to their long tentacles,

00:05:36similar to hair,

00:05:38which can reach a length of 3 meters.

00:05:40And although the average diameter

00:05:42of a lion's mane jellyfish

00:05:44is about 50 centimeters,

00:05:46it can sometimes reach a diameter

00:05:48of more than 2 meters.

00:05:50The largest lion's mane jellyfish

00:05:52ever observed was seen in 1865

00:05:54off the coast of Massachusetts.

00:05:56It was estimated to have tentacles

00:05:58about 36 meters long

00:06:00for a diameter of more than 2 meters.

00:06:02To give you an idea of its size,

00:06:04it was longer than a blue whale.

00:06:06Lion's mane jellyfish

00:06:08hunt by spreading their tentacles

00:06:10all around, creating a trap

00:06:12to catch their food.

00:06:14As it has about 1,200

00:06:16stinging tentacles,

00:06:18it would take an extremely lucky fish

00:06:20to hope to escape them.

00:06:22The sting of a lion's mane jellyfish

00:06:24generally does not present

00:06:26a deadly danger,

00:06:28but you still have to avoid

00:06:30swimming through its tentacles

00:06:32because it can be very painful

00:06:34for humans.

00:06:36And if you send a fall on the beach,

00:06:38it can be very dangerous.

00:06:40Fun fact, the lion's mane jellyfish

00:06:42appears in the story of Sherlock Holmes

00:06:44The Lion's Mane as a suspect.

00:06:46But don't worry,

00:06:48we won't give any spoilers.

00:06:50The last marine animal you see

00:06:52is a sea snake.

00:06:54Yes, they are different from eels.

00:06:56There are 69 species

00:06:58identified as sea snakes.

00:07:00Most of them are found

00:07:02in the tropical and subtropical waters

00:07:04of the Indian and Pacific Oceans.

00:07:06And they have existed for millions of years.

00:07:08To make things easier,

00:07:10scientists have separated

00:07:12all the different species of sea snakes

00:07:14into two categories.

00:07:16The real sea snakes

00:07:18and the striped ones.

00:07:20While the real sea snakes

00:07:22spend almost all their time at sea,

00:07:24the striped ones can also crawl on the ground.

00:07:26If you see a snake on the beach,

00:07:28you can determine

00:07:30whether it is a sea snake

00:07:32by looking at its tail.

00:07:34If it doesn't look like a striped one,

00:07:36then it is a sea snake.

00:07:38But keep your distance in both cases.

00:07:40All sea snakes must surf

00:07:42regularly to breathe

00:07:44because they don't have branches.

00:07:46That's why you can meet one

00:07:48while you're swimming.

00:07:50If that happens,

00:07:52you'd better get away

00:07:54as soon as possible

00:07:56because most sea snakes

00:07:58have more venom

00:08:00than a cobra or a medium crotal.

00:08:02Most sea snakes

00:08:04are the only reptiles

00:08:06to give birth in the oceans.

00:08:08Most sea snakes

00:08:10keep their eggs in their eggs

00:08:12and give birth to small snakes

00:08:14that are almost fully formed

00:08:16while they're still alive.

00:08:18But striped sea snakes

00:08:20don't do that.

00:08:22They crawl on the ground

00:08:24to lay their eggs.

00:08:26Do you remember the stone fish

00:08:28at the beginning of our visit?

00:08:30It's the most unusual creature

00:08:32you've ever heard of.

00:08:34It may seem surprising,

00:08:36but this state is full of creatures

00:08:38that you will hardly ever see elsewhere.

00:08:40So let's take a look

00:08:42at the most amazing of them.

00:08:44This magnificent beast

00:08:46of a bright blue

00:08:48is called the blue sea dragon.

00:08:50Despite this impressive name,

00:08:52this creature is actually tiny.

00:08:54It is generally not

00:08:56bigger than a raisin.

00:08:58It can be found on the beach

00:09:00or floating next to you in the water.

00:09:02But don't forget one thing.

00:09:04As pretty as this little limass

00:09:06never touches it.

00:09:08A tourist spotted

00:09:10some of these pretty dragons

00:09:12on the shore of the island of Mustan.

00:09:14He approached one of them

00:09:16to film it.

00:09:18Fortunately, he put it back in the water

00:09:20before it could bite him.

00:09:22Otherwise, it could have ended badly

00:09:24because the blue sea dragon

00:09:26Despite their tiny size,

00:09:28their bite can be very powerful.

00:09:30All this because of their diet.

00:09:32Their favorite dish is the Portuguese gallery.

00:09:34A jellyfish whose venom

00:09:36is enough to paralyze

00:09:38small fish and crustaceans.

00:09:40Blue dragons first use mucus

00:09:42to neutralize the famous

00:09:44urticating cells of the jellyfish.

00:09:46Then they fly these cells

00:09:48into the tentacles of the Portuguese gallery,

00:09:50store them and concentrate them

00:09:52in their own tissue.

00:09:54Then these cells urticate

00:09:56in contact, which makes their bite

00:09:58more powerful, even worse

00:10:00than that of the Portuguese gallery itself.

00:10:02These impressive creatures

00:10:04are also extremely sly.

00:10:06Even if their appearance

00:10:08is at least brilliant,

00:10:10they are great masters of disguise.

00:10:12Indeed, this bright blue color

00:10:14is actually on their bellies.

00:10:16When they float on the back,

00:10:18they melt in the water.

00:10:20As for their back, it is gray

00:10:22to camouflage these animals on the seabed.

00:10:24And now, a funny fact.

00:10:26A group of small dragons

00:10:28floating together

00:10:30is called a blue fleet.

00:10:32Other info.

00:10:34Blue dragons normally lay

00:10:36a series of about 16 eggs,

00:10:38which take a few days to hatch

00:10:40to become larvae.

00:10:42Blue sea dragons

00:10:44rarely reach the shore.

00:10:46They have a soft body,

00:10:48and when the animals finally cross

00:10:50the shore, they are already in pieces.

00:10:52But be careful!

00:10:54Even in this case,

00:10:56the venom contained in their body does not dissipate.

00:10:58But of course,

00:11:00blue sea dragons are not

00:11:02the only unusual animals

00:11:04that populate Texas.

00:11:06So look at this nightmarish creature.

00:11:08Poisonous, viscous, and almost

00:11:10immortal.

00:11:12I present you the green hammer.

00:11:14And the worst?

00:11:16It may be hiding in your garden

00:11:19You can easily recognize

00:11:21this green with its scary peak-shaped head.

00:11:23It does not look like any other invertebrate

00:11:25you know,

00:11:27or any other creature.

00:11:29At first, it was only found in eastern Texas.

00:11:31But later,

00:11:33researchers have found these creatures

00:11:35that are cold in the back,

00:11:37in the north,

00:11:39the center, and the south of Texas.

00:11:41That is, everywhere except in the arid areas

00:11:43of western Texas.

00:11:45One of the most terrifying aspects

00:11:47of green sea dragons is undoubtedly

00:11:49its length.

00:11:51This creature can reach a length

00:11:53of 30 centimeters.

00:11:55Fortunately, such giants are not very common.

00:11:57Most of the hammer-headed green

00:11:59only measure 15 centimeters.

00:12:01In Texas, you can meet two species

00:12:03of sea and green,

00:12:05both with a dark strip in the middle.

00:12:07The largest of these two species

00:12:09feeds on earthworms,

00:12:11which is a major problem.

00:12:13You may know that earthworms

00:12:15play an important role

00:12:17in the maintenance of a soil rich in minerals

00:12:19and generally healthy.

00:12:21If they disappear,

00:12:23the plants of the CS region

00:12:25will not receive the nutrients they need.

00:12:27Even for humans and domestic animals,

00:12:29meeting a green hammer

00:12:31is not a pleasant experience either.

00:12:33Hammers are the only

00:12:35terrestrial invertebrates

00:12:37that secrete a very dangerous

00:12:39neurotoxin.

00:12:41The same as those produced

00:12:43by global fish.

00:12:45Thanks to the size of the human body,

00:12:47touching a green hammer will not hurt you too much.

00:12:49But it can still cause

00:12:51tingling in the hand,

00:12:53even fattening.

00:12:55It is much more dangerous

00:12:57for domestic animals.

00:12:59It happened that dogs

00:13:01eat hammer-headed green

00:13:03and feel sick all day long.

00:13:05It is interesting to note

00:13:07that these green sea dragons

00:13:09are native to Southeast Asia,

00:13:11but are already found in the United States.

00:13:13Keep in mind that

00:13:15if you want to get rid of a green hammer,

00:13:17which is the best thing to do,

00:13:19the worst idea is to cut it with a shovel.

00:13:21Indeed,

00:13:23greens are reproduced by cutting themselves in half.

00:13:25Thus, by cutting it,

00:13:27you actually multiply the population of greens,

00:13:29by transforming a green into two.

00:13:31This is why hammerhead sharks

00:13:33are sometimes described as immortal.

00:13:35Which is a bit exaggerated

00:13:37since these creatures

00:13:39cannot survive vinegar or salt.

00:13:41Even if you are sheltered

00:13:43from the green hammer in the west of Texas,

00:13:45it does not mean

00:13:47that you do not risk meeting

00:13:49another dangerous animal,

00:13:51such as the green shark.

00:13:53These creatures are also known

00:13:55under the name of uropygia,

00:13:57and they are not real crustaceans.

00:13:59They are arachnids.

00:14:01Who would have thought?

00:14:03Anyway, these eight-legged animals

00:14:05have a really unpleasant bite.

00:14:07But this is not the worst part.

00:14:09This kind of terrestrial hammer,

00:14:11prepare yourself,

00:14:13pulverized with their acid tails

00:14:15at 85%, similar to vinegar.

00:14:17Most of the time,

00:14:19they do it to protect themselves.

00:14:21But it's still an unfriendly gesture, isn't it?

00:14:23A lobster can also pinch a finger

00:14:25that has come too close

00:14:27with its big buccal protrusions.

00:14:29At the base of their abdomen,

00:14:31the vinegar spines have a long tail

00:14:33in the shape of a whip.

00:14:35Arachnids are often called

00:14:37whip scorpions,

00:14:39although they are not related to scorpions

00:14:41and that there is no damage.

00:14:43Summer rains attract these arachnids

00:14:45out of their terriers,

00:14:47in search of food and love.

00:14:49Fortunately, experts say

00:14:51that these fake lobsters

00:14:53are not toxic to humans,

00:14:55but they are likely to hurt

00:14:57with their big claws

00:14:59that they use to capture insects.

00:15:01Vinegar spines can be considered useful

00:15:03scorpions and cockroaches.

00:15:05They hunt by detecting

00:15:07the vibrations of their prey

00:15:09with their long forelegs.

00:15:11As these animals prefer to go out

00:15:13at night, it is unlikely

00:15:15that you see one in the light of day.

00:15:17But if you come across one of them,

00:15:19take a good look at it.

00:15:21If it is a female,

00:15:23it may carry its young on its back.

00:15:25Now, imagine that we are

00:15:27in the middle of spring

00:15:29and that you are walking

00:15:31in the woods.

00:15:33Suddenly, you notice something

00:15:35extremely strange on the ground.

00:15:37The animal looks cute,

00:15:39chubby and soft.

00:15:41The desire to touch it is irresistible.

00:15:43But beware!

00:15:45The sting of the venomous caterpillar

00:15:47can be very dangerous.

00:15:49This is Mr. Opercularis's caterpillar.

00:15:53There are several species

00:15:55of caterpillars in Texas.

00:15:57The caterpillar of the earth,

00:15:59the caterpillar of the limaceous

00:16:01of the spiny chain,

00:16:03the caterpillar of the salt

00:16:05and the caterpillar of the thymus of Io.

00:16:07Touching one of them

00:16:09can have unpleasant consequences.

00:16:11If you touch this pretty thing

00:16:13found in the park,

00:16:15you will probably feel a burning sensation

00:16:17and develop a cutaneous eruption

00:16:19that will scratch you.

00:16:21In the worst case,

00:16:23you will even have to go to the emergency room.

00:16:25The main problem is that people

00:16:27can develop reactions

00:16:29more serious than others.

00:16:31In addition, the gravity of the consequences

00:16:33also depends on the thickness of the skin

00:16:35in the affected area.

00:16:37In most cases,

00:16:39unpleasant sensations and cutaneous eruptions

00:16:41disappear in a few hours

00:16:43or sometimes in a few days.

00:16:45The good side of things

00:16:47is that these caterpillars

00:16:49then turn into night butterflies

00:16:51and butterflies that contribute

00:16:53to the pollination of flowers and trees.

00:16:55This is a good service to give to your region.

00:16:57Specialists are convinced

00:16:59that meeting a stinging caterpillar

00:17:01will not do any harm

00:17:03if we keep in mind the following rule.

00:17:05If a caterpillar looks blurry,

00:17:07don't touch it.

00:17:09And the best solution to deal with these creatures

00:17:11is to educate people

00:17:13about what these caterpillars are,

00:17:15what they look like

00:17:17and why it is dangerous to touch them

00:17:19with unprotected hands.

00:17:21Look at this cute creature.

00:17:23Isn't it?

00:17:25However, know that appearances are misleading.

00:17:27The blue-ringed caterpillar

00:17:29is an extremely venomous species.

00:17:31Indeed,

00:17:33it is one of the most venomous marine animals in the world.

00:17:35These creatures

00:17:37live in rocky bottoms

00:17:39and low-tide shores

00:17:41and coral reefs.

00:17:43Despite their small size of 13 to 20 cm,

00:17:45they are very dangerous for humans

00:17:47if they are provoked.

00:17:49Because their venom contains

00:17:51a neurotoxin called

00:17:53tetrodotoxin.

00:17:55When the animal feels threatened,

00:17:57its first reflex is to flee.

00:17:59But if the threat persists,

00:18:01for example, if you don't give up

00:18:03the idea of picking up the octopus,

00:18:05it puts itself in a defensive position

00:18:07and shows its blue rings.

00:18:09If the caterpillar is swung and approached,

00:18:11it can bite its attacker,

00:18:13which can end very, very badly.

00:18:15Contact with tetrodotoxin

00:18:17can have serious consequences

00:18:19A total paralysis of the body,

00:18:21that is to say that the victim is perfectly aware

00:18:23of those around her but is unable to move.

00:18:25The victim remains conscious and alert,

00:18:27but because of her paralysis,

00:18:29she has no way

00:18:31to call for help or indicate

00:18:33that she is in distress.

00:18:35It is interesting to note that

00:18:37when she does not feel threatened,

00:18:39the blue-ringed caterpillar is brown,

00:18:41even a paler shade.

00:18:43That said, as soon as she feels in danger,

00:18:45she takes on a psychedelic appearance.

00:18:47In other words,

00:18:49the animal has vivid colors

00:18:51to warn others

00:18:53that they will not live long enough

00:18:55if they attack it.

00:18:57Of course, the blue-ringed caterpillar

00:18:59is not the only dangerous animal

00:19:01of harmless appearance.

00:19:03Look, for example, at this creature

00:19:05with its duvet that gives it a plush look.

00:19:07This animal looks adorable.

00:19:09The desire to touch it is irresistible.

00:19:11But beware, the dart of the velvet caterpillar

00:19:13can be very effective.

00:19:15Under this fur

00:19:17hide thorns with

00:19:19urticating cells like jellyfish.

00:19:21The reactions to the caterpillar toxins

00:19:23are very different from one person to another.

00:19:25Some people

00:19:27can develop reactions

00:19:29more serious than others.

00:19:31In addition, the extent of the effects

00:19:33also depends on the thickness of the skin

00:19:35of the affected area.

00:19:37In most cases, unpleasant sensations

00:19:39and cutaneous eruptions

00:19:41disappear in a few hours

00:19:43The next animal on our list

00:19:45is the frog of the Dendrobacidae family.

00:19:47There are more than 170 species

00:19:49of these and these frogs

00:19:51and, curiously,

00:19:53not all of them are poisonous.

00:19:55Those that are secrete

00:19:57extremely dangerous toxins

00:19:59through their skin.

00:20:01The good news is that frogs

00:20:03never use these toxins

00:20:05to hunt or attack,

00:20:07but only to defend themselves.

00:20:09Experts are not sure,

00:20:11however, that the ability of frogs

00:20:13to produce these toxins

00:20:15could come from a food regime

00:20:17rich in animals containing toxins

00:20:19such as millipedes or ants.

00:20:21Indigenous peoples of Central

00:20:23and South America

00:20:25rub their arrows

00:20:27on frogs to obtain

00:20:29a poisoned tip.

00:20:31What must be remembered,

00:20:33if you touch one of these frogs,

00:20:35ask for help immediately.

00:20:37Especially if it is the shell

00:20:39most toxic of all.

00:20:41The flaming frog is the only

00:20:43venomous frog known.

00:20:45This creature has incredibly

00:20:47venomous muscular tissues,

00:20:49despite its tiny size,

00:20:51from 5 to 8 cm maximum.

00:20:53It is a dark brown underwater animal

00:20:55with two flat-bottomed tentacles

00:20:57and eight arms equipped with suction cups.

00:20:59These arms sometimes contain

00:21:01purple and yellow.

00:21:03Whatever it is,

00:21:05the best thing is to avoid

00:21:07and you will be safe.

00:21:09Predatory frog,

00:21:11the cone is a very slow animal.

00:21:13This is the main reason why

00:21:15they have no way to capture

00:21:17their prey mechanically.

00:21:19They are not able to catch

00:21:21another animal or bite it.

00:21:23Therefore, this sea snail

00:21:25has developed a powerful venom

00:21:27that helps it survive.

00:21:29Fascinating facts about these creatures.

00:21:31Among nearly a thousand species,

00:21:33the toxins produced by each

00:21:35Although the conical cone is not

00:21:37a crow, it has a tooth

00:21:39in the shape of a harpoon covered with venom

00:21:41that they use to bite their prey.

00:21:43A tube-shaped structure

00:21:45is at the end of a venom bulb.

00:21:47This tooth can gush from the tube

00:21:49at a staggering speed of 643 km per hour.

00:21:51The fact of being slow

00:21:53does not disturb these sea snails.

00:21:55And as each species

00:21:57has its own venom,

00:21:59some of them can inflict

00:22:01a minor sting, while others

00:22:03can seriously harm your health.

00:22:05For example, for this little snail

00:22:07that lives in the reefs,

00:22:09the venom that its tooth in the shape of a harpoon

00:22:11releases by biting its prey

00:22:13has no known cure to this day.

00:22:15If we talk about sea snails,

00:22:17you probably imagine a creature in the shape of a ball

00:22:19covered with impressive thorns.

00:22:21Know that under these funny spikes

00:22:23hides a vicious creature.

00:22:25The most dangerous part of this creature

00:22:27is its poison,

00:22:29considered as one of the

00:22:31most dangerous and powerful

00:22:33in the world.

00:22:35The good news is that you won't be poisoned

00:22:37if you don't eat the fish.

00:22:39So it's better not to hold on to the Californian roll.

00:22:41Now look at this insect

00:22:43and try not to ever

00:22:45get close to it.

00:22:47This is the Japanese giant snail.

00:22:49This monstrous creature,

00:22:51which can reach up to 5 cm long,

00:22:53is known to be very aggressive.

00:22:55Its impressive gait

00:22:57contains enough venom to make the bite

00:22:59very painful.

00:23:01Some people don't survive

00:23:03the bite of this insect.

00:23:05Even if its venom is not the most powerful

00:23:07that exists,

00:23:09the large size of the creature

00:23:11makes the dose significant.

00:23:13In addition, if it is not one,

00:23:15but several snails attacking you,

00:23:17the consequences may be dramatic.

00:23:19The giant snail is not necessarily

00:23:21hostile to people or other animals,

00:23:23but it will sting you if you provoke it.

00:23:25To this magnificent creature

00:23:27of a bright blue

00:23:29is called the blue dragon.

00:23:31Despite this frightening name,

00:23:33this creature is actually tiny

00:23:35and is generally not

00:23:37bigger than a grain of grapes.

00:23:39You can find it on the beach

00:23:41or floating next to you in the water.

00:23:43But don't forget one thing.

00:23:45As pretty as this little snail is,

00:23:47never touch it.

00:23:49Despite its tiny size,

00:23:51its sting can be very painful.

00:23:53And all this because of their diet.

00:23:55Their favorite food is the Portuguese gallery,

00:23:57a jellyfish whose venom paralyzes

00:23:59small fish and crustaceans.

00:24:01The blue dragons first use mucus

00:24:03to neutralize the famous

00:24:05urticating cells of the jellyfish.

00:24:07Then they fly these cells

00:24:09to the tentacles of the Portuguese galley,

00:24:11store them and concentrate them

00:24:13in their own tissue.

00:24:15They then release these urticating cells

00:24:17in contact sacks,

00:24:19which makes their bite even more powerful,

00:24:21even worse than that of the Portuguese galley itself.

00:24:23These impressive creatures

00:24:25are also extremely sneaky.

00:24:27And they are bright colors,

00:24:29but they are masters of disguise.

00:24:31Indeed, this bright blue

00:24:33is actually on their bellies.

00:24:35When they float on the back,

00:24:37they melt in the water.

00:24:39But their gray back serves as a camouflage

00:24:41on the surface of the sea.

00:24:43Originally from Australia,

00:24:45the jellyfish Irukandji is tiny

00:24:47and seems totally harmless.

00:24:49However, the appearances are misleading

00:24:51because the size of the nail of a human thumb

00:24:53is actually extremely dangerous.

00:24:55During the high season,

00:24:57which extends from November to May,

00:24:59tons of beaches are closed

00:25:01because of these little creatures.

00:25:03You relax on the beach

00:25:05when suddenly you notice a huge flock of birds.

00:25:07They are very excited

00:25:09about something near the water.

00:25:11The desire makes you go see

00:25:13what's going on over there.

00:25:15Here's a tip.

00:25:17Go back to your seat and stay away from the water.

00:25:19I understand.

00:25:21You think you're strong enough

00:25:23to stand a seagull's sting.

00:25:25But it's not the birds that worry me.

00:25:27It's what's hiding under the water.

00:25:29Fishes are the basis of many

00:25:31diets in the animal kingdom,

00:25:33whether above or below the ocean.

00:25:35Tuna, squid and octopus,

00:25:37as well as marine mammals

00:25:39such as seals,

00:25:41feed on a wide variety of small fish.

00:25:43They particularly like

00:25:45species such as the tassergal

00:25:47and the striped bass.

00:25:49But they are also the favorite

00:25:51meal of another ultra predator.

00:25:53That's why you shouldn't

00:25:55accompany these birds by the water.

00:25:57If you do, you risk meeting

00:25:59a creature up to 6 meters long.

00:26:01That's three times the size

00:26:03of an average human.

00:26:05These are the size references

00:26:07of a great white shark.

00:26:09If there are fish in the parishes,

00:26:11they can go up to the surface

00:26:13of the ocean to feed.

00:26:15The white shark has the strongest

00:26:17bite force of all animals.

00:26:19The only other animal

00:26:21that comes close to it

00:26:23is the saltwater crocodile.

00:26:25And their ability to bite is very strong.

00:26:27Scientists think

00:26:29it is 100 times

00:26:31superior to that of a human.

00:26:33They don't even use the nostrils

00:26:35located under their muzzle to breathe.

00:26:37They only serve to make them

00:26:39great competitors.

00:26:41Fortunately, we are not

00:26:43the favorite meal of sharks.

00:26:45And the creature does not do

00:26:47everything possible to hunt us.

00:26:49Hunters say that the chances

00:26:51of being attacked by a shark

00:26:53are only 1 in 3.7 million.

00:26:55When unfortunate encounters

00:26:57between sharks and humans occur,

00:26:59a shark can confuse a human

00:27:01with a seal or a striped bass

00:27:03of very large size.

00:27:05That's why you should stay

00:27:07away from these birds and fish

00:27:09and let the animals live.

00:27:11You just focus on your tan

00:27:13in your long chair.

00:27:15So I guess it means

00:27:17that sharks have a bad vision.

00:27:19Not quite. Their vision in clear water

00:27:21is up to 10 times better than that

00:27:23of humans swimming in the same environment.

00:27:25The structure of the eye of a shark

00:27:27is quite similar to that of our eye.

00:27:29It consists of a cornea,

00:27:31a crystalline, a retina,

00:27:33a deep blue iris and a pupil.

00:27:35Their eyes have two types of photoreceptors.

00:27:37The batons are responsible for

00:27:39the color and the cones are more active

00:27:41at higher light levels,

00:27:43capable of seeing colors,

00:27:45just like humans.

00:27:47Although we are not sure

00:27:49of the performance of the batons

00:27:51and cones in sharks,

00:27:53research has shown

00:27:55that they only have one type of cone.

00:27:57This means that they probably

00:27:59don't have a color vision like humans.

00:28:01This could explain why

00:28:03they can sometimes confuse

00:28:05humans with other creatures.

00:28:07This is a layer of mirror crystals

00:28:09located behind the shark's retina.

00:28:11These crystals allow sharks

00:28:13to see perfectly well

00:28:15in extremely low light

00:28:17and in cloudy water.

00:28:19The crystals reflect the incoming light,

00:28:21which gives the retina's batons

00:28:23a second chance to detect the light

00:28:25they could have missed the first time.

00:28:27Fun fact,

00:28:29cats also have a lucidum tapetum.

00:28:31This is why the eyes of your cat

00:28:33shine in the dark when you light them up.

00:28:35Another sign

00:28:37of the presence of sharks

00:28:39in the waters around

00:28:41is the presence of whales.

00:28:43Sharks are known to track

00:28:45these creatures for more than 160 km.

00:28:47They follow groups of whales

00:28:49and wait for one of them

00:28:51to become vulnerable

00:28:53before striking relentlessly.

00:28:55So, lesson learned?

00:28:57If you now see birds

00:28:59by the water,

00:29:01it's probably not a good thing,

00:29:03but it's what we call a murmur.

00:29:05You can see thousands of whales

00:29:07come together in the sky,

00:29:09move in unison,

00:29:11dive and deviate at the same time.

00:29:13It's as if they were participating

00:29:15in a kind of synchronization

00:29:17test at the Olympic Games.

00:29:19This happens when the birds

00:29:21start to perch on wires or trees.

00:29:23It can happen from September

00:29:25in some places to the end of November

00:29:27in others,

00:29:29and a larger number of birds

00:29:31come together in the sky.

00:29:33Do they do this to amuse us?

00:29:35Not really.

00:29:37Coming together in the sky

00:29:39protects us from predators

00:29:41like hawks.

00:29:43It can also be cold

00:29:45when you're so high up.

00:29:47So, thousands of birds

00:29:49come together to warm up

00:29:51and exchange information

00:29:53about potential food sites.

00:29:55Okay, in this case,

00:29:57a huge group of birds

00:29:59come together.

00:30:01Birds and other animals

00:30:03flee from forest fires.

00:30:05Some animals, like amphibians,

00:30:07can actually stay in the fire.

00:30:09Instead of fleeing to save their lives,

00:30:11they dig the ground to escape.

00:30:13But almost all animals

00:30:15do their best to leave.

00:30:17Oh, and don't forget to get out

00:30:19while all these animals run to you.

00:30:21Why don't we switch

00:30:23from birds to sharks?

00:30:25Yes, we now know that if there are

00:30:27sharks on the surface of the ocean,

00:30:29they may be close enough.

00:30:31But what happens

00:30:33if there are no sharks nearby?

00:30:35If you're in the ocean

00:30:37and you see sharks heading

00:30:39towards the bottom of the ocean,

00:30:41it could mean that a hurricane

00:30:43or a tropical storm is on its way.

00:30:45Sharks can feel the decrease

00:30:47in barometric pressure

00:30:49that accompanies the storm.

00:30:51They could start to move

00:30:53away from the turbulence zone.

00:30:55So they don't approach

00:30:57our sandy beaches or our cities.

00:30:59They fear them.

00:31:01They are very smart creatures

00:31:03who know that the deeper they go

00:31:05into the ocean, the safer they are.

00:31:07But the ocean is not always

00:31:09the best place to go in case of emergency.

00:31:11For example, if you come across

00:31:13marine creatures that usually live

00:31:15in the water and rest on the sand,

00:31:17don't venture into the water.

00:31:19It's a sign that the water

00:31:21is potentially toxic.

00:31:23Red tides gather in the water

00:31:25near the beach.

00:31:27Red tides occur all over the world.

00:31:29But a species of algae

00:31:31mainly causes them in the Gulf of Mexico.

00:31:33A red tide occurs when

00:31:35the water is filled with

00:31:37a quantity of toxic algae

00:31:39higher than normal.

00:31:41It can make the water reddish or brown,

00:31:43but sometimes the color of the water

00:31:45is normal.

00:31:47If you go into the water,

00:31:49you can feel a respiratory irritation

00:31:51and if it happens to you,

00:31:53you must rinse your mouth

00:31:55carefully with fresh water.

00:31:57Speaking of water,

00:31:59frogs are famous for their croaking.

00:32:01But if you hear them croaking

00:32:03a lot more than usual,

00:32:05it may be because it will soon rain.

00:32:07According to a theory,

00:32:09this could be linked to their mating process.

00:32:11They do it first,

00:32:13then lay eggs

00:32:15in freshwater pools.

00:32:17A good rain means more

00:32:19bees are active than usual

00:32:21and a storm may be on its way.

00:32:23When they feel the storm is coming,

00:32:25the bees work even harder

00:32:27and faster to collect more nectar

00:32:29before the storm.

00:32:31And when they are done,

00:32:33they always come back

00:32:3510 to 15 minutes before a heavy rain.

00:32:37Even if there is no obvious sign

00:32:39of this storm,

00:32:41the bees are always

00:32:43on the lookout

00:32:45for the next storm.

00:32:47Their secret

00:32:49lies in super-sensitive hairs

00:32:51located in their backs,

00:32:53capable of capturing

00:32:55the electrostatic accumulations

00:32:57of a storm cloud.

00:33:03The Baltic Sea Anomaly

00:33:05In 2011, a team of divers

00:33:07went all the way down

00:33:09to the north of the Baltic Sea.

00:33:11They were hunting for treasures.

00:33:13But they discovered

00:33:15something rather strange.

00:33:17They took pictures

00:33:19that they then shared

00:33:21and some people thought

00:33:23it was a spaceship

00:33:25of an unknown civilization.

00:33:27Others thought

00:33:29that a natural phenomenon

00:33:31had formed this object.

00:33:33But the metals

00:33:35inside the structure

00:33:37could not have been formed naturally.

00:33:39Today, some scientists

00:33:41think it is an object

00:33:43A maelstrom is a whirlwind,

00:33:45a kind of powerful rotating current

00:33:47that forms when two currents

00:33:49meet, creating a circular vortex.

00:33:51Even the intrepid Vikings

00:33:53were afraid of maelstroms.

00:33:55Their power was such

00:33:57that they could make very large ships sink.

00:33:59These whirlwinds

00:34:01are still dangerous today.

00:34:03But fortunately,

00:34:05the great modern ships

00:34:07are no longer afraid of anything.

00:34:09They are now able

00:34:11However, a ship crossing

00:34:13the path of a maelstrom

00:34:15will generally be exposed

00:34:17to such massive waves

00:34:19that it will be violently shaken.

00:34:21The strength of some maelstroms

00:34:23is so formidable

00:34:25that they are sometimes compared

00:34:27to black holes.

00:34:29And no, black holes

00:34:31do not belong only

00:34:33to the interstellar space.

00:34:35They are found here on our planet

00:34:37in the form of oceanic whirlwinds.

00:34:39But the black holes

00:34:41cannot escape them.

00:34:43These underwater black holes

00:34:45can reach up to 150 km in diameter.

00:34:47If you were caught in one of them,

00:34:49you would probably not even realize it.

00:34:51Their influence extends far beyond

00:34:53what can be detected.

00:34:55Because of their size,

00:34:57they even escape the most modern equipment.

00:34:59Here is something more relaxing.

00:35:01The next time you go to the beach,

00:35:03open your eyes wide

00:35:05and you may see this optical phenomenon

00:35:07called a green flash.

00:35:09You can see it a little after sunset

00:35:11or just before getting up.

00:35:13It occurs when the sun is almost

00:35:15completely below the horizon

00:35:17but its upper edge is still visible.

00:35:19For one or two seconds,

00:35:21the solar crown will seem green to you.

00:35:23Because in reality,

00:35:25you will observe the sun

00:35:27through the thickest parts

00:35:29of the atmosphere,

00:35:31at the bottom of the sky.

00:35:33While it descends below the horizon,

00:35:35or curves and scatters.

00:35:37Choose a clear day,

00:35:39without clouds or mist on the horizon

00:35:41and you will be able to observe this phenomenon.

00:35:43You were impatient to swim,

00:35:45but when you get to the beach,

00:35:47you see that the ocean is red.

00:35:49It is better to avoid making trumpets.

00:35:51Florida is famous

00:35:53for its red tides.

00:35:55This occurs when the concentration

00:35:57of the Karenia brevis algae

00:35:59is higher than normal.

00:36:01Most of the algae in the sea,

00:36:03rivers and lakes,

00:36:05are safe for animals and humans.

00:36:07They even help us.

00:36:09They are a great source of oxygen.

00:36:11But some,

00:36:13like the one that gives this red tint to the ocean,

00:36:15can be extremely dangerous

00:36:17for the aquatic fauna,

00:36:19sea turtles, fish and marine birds.

00:36:21This type of algae

00:36:23can develop uncontrollably

00:36:25and produce very harmful neurotoxins

00:36:27for humans,

00:36:29especially for those who have respiratory problems.

00:36:31Sea turtles must avoid

00:36:33areas of red tides,

00:36:35especially when strong winds

00:36:37push the algae to the shore.

00:36:39Volcanoes can emit toxic gases,

00:36:41ash and a reddish lava.

00:36:43These dangers have been well known

00:36:45to humans for centuries.

00:36:47But underwater volcanoes

00:36:49can also be dangerous.

00:36:51Sometimes, those located

00:36:53in shallow waters

00:36:55reveal their presence

00:36:57by projecting rock debris

00:36:59Due to the presence of water,

00:37:01their effects will be different

00:37:03from those found on land.

00:37:05When they erupt,

00:37:07sea water can penetrate

00:37:09their events.

00:37:11The lava can spread

00:37:13on the ocean floor,

00:37:15sometimes even spilling

00:37:17from land volcanoes.

00:37:19When it enters the water,

00:37:21it cools down so quickly

00:37:23that it can turn into sand gravel.

00:37:25There is a lot of volcanic debris

00:37:27Have you ever seen

00:37:29these strange black sand beaches in Hawaii?

00:37:31They are the result of this activity.

00:37:33Lava and powerful eruptions

00:37:35represent an obvious danger.

00:37:37But underwater volcanoes,

00:37:39in deep waters,

00:37:41are just as dangerous.

00:37:43Even when they do not erupt,

00:37:45they produce air pockets.

00:37:47These bubbles reduce the density

00:37:49of the surrounding waters,

00:37:51which can even cause shipwrecks.

00:37:53The worst is that when you look

00:37:55underwater, you will not know

00:37:57that a danger is waiting for you.

00:37:59You will not see these air pockets

00:38:01that can unbalance even very large ships.

00:38:03And without warning.

00:38:05Cross-sea is a rare phenomenon,

00:38:07beautiful to observe,

00:38:09but also very dangerous.

00:38:11It is when we see square waves.

00:38:13They are quite common

00:38:15in the shallow areas of the ocean.

00:38:17You can observe this phenomenon

00:38:19near the island of Ray

00:38:21or from the beaches of Tel Aviv,

00:38:23or in other areas of the world.

00:38:25This occurs when two waves

00:38:27propagate in two different directions

00:38:29and cross each other.

00:38:31They then form a pattern.

00:38:33This usually happens after

00:38:35the passage of an atmospheric front.

00:38:37And this state of the sea

00:38:39is structured in a large number

00:38:41of directional flows.

00:38:43These waves can be dangerous

00:38:45for swimmers and divers.

00:38:47The waves produced by

00:38:49strong ocean currents

00:38:51can reach up to 3 meters high.

00:38:53They are sometimes called

00:38:55white walls.

00:38:57Their power is such

00:38:59that they can sink large ships.

00:39:01If you fill a glass with

00:39:03seawater and look closely,

00:39:05you will see quantities

00:39:07of very small particles.

00:39:09Seawater contains

00:39:11dissolved salts, fats,

00:39:13algae, proteins and other

00:39:15artificial and organic matter debris.

00:39:17If you shake this glass,

00:39:19tiny bubbles will appear

00:39:21on its surface.

00:39:23This is how seawater forms

00:39:25when the waves and winds

00:39:27shake the ocean.

00:39:29When seawater is thick,

00:39:31it can be due to a large

00:39:33concentration of algae.

00:39:35When the algae disintegrate

00:39:37in the sea, their matter

00:39:39often drifts to the shores.

00:39:41In general, seawater

00:39:43is not dangerous for humans.

00:39:45But when it contains decomposed

00:39:47seawater, it can happen

00:39:49that air pockets burst

00:39:51and release toxins.

00:39:53This can cause irritation

00:39:55to the eyes and other health problems.

00:39:57Square masses

00:39:59occur in the mouth

00:40:01and the lower reaches

00:40:03of certain streams.

00:40:05A strong tide meets the current

00:40:07and pushes the river back.

00:40:09Square masses are part

00:40:11of the hydraulic spring category,

00:40:13a sudden change in water level.

00:40:15This means that the wave

00:40:17pushes the river back,

00:40:19making its mass much larger.

00:40:21A negative tide is when

00:40:23the river suddenly becomes

00:40:25shallow.

00:40:27You won't see square masses everywhere.

00:40:29The river must be shallow

00:40:31and its mouth must be narrow.

00:40:33The area where the sea meets

00:40:35the river must be flat and wide.

00:40:37In addition, the area between

00:40:39the low tide and the high tide

00:40:41must be at least 6 m wide.

00:40:43Of course, there are a few exceptions,

00:40:45like the Amazon, the largest river in the world.

00:40:47The mouth of the Amazon

00:40:49is not narrow,

00:40:51but it still produces square masses.

00:40:53This is because its mouth

00:40:55is shallow and has many

00:40:57sand banks and other low islands.

00:40:59This square mass is the reason

00:41:01why the Amazon does not have

00:41:03real delta.

00:41:05The Atlantic Ocean quickly takes

00:41:07these sediments, preventing

00:41:09such a formation.

00:41:11These sediments are unpredictable

00:41:13and can be extremely violent.

00:41:15Sometimes, the water of the river

00:41:17changes from a greenish or blue

00:41:19to a brownish color.

00:41:21They can damage the vegetation

00:41:23and even tear down the trees.

00:41:25Thus, leisure sports such as

00:41:27kayaking and surfing

00:41:29can be dangerous in these areas.

00:41:31But if you just want to observe

00:41:33a square mass a little closer,

00:41:35be careful.

00:41:37It could literally tear down

00:41:39Something interesting

00:41:41happened recently in the South Dakota.

00:41:43It was everywhere on the Internet,

00:41:45so you may have heard about it.

00:41:47In July 2022,

00:41:49the sky of this state

00:41:51suddenly turned green.

00:41:53What happened exactly?

00:41:55Was it caused by humans

00:41:57or by nature?

00:41:59Let's find out.

00:42:01Tuesday, July 5, 2022.

00:42:03Shortly after a strong storm,

00:42:05the sky of the South Dakota

00:42:07was still covered.

00:42:09Residents ended up leaving their homes

00:42:11and saw that the sky

00:42:13had turned an intense dark green.

00:42:15They had never seen

00:42:17anything like it before.

00:42:19They said they felt

00:42:21like they were in a sci-fi movie.

00:42:25Unsurprisingly,

00:42:27residents immediately started

00:42:29spreading the news on all social networks.

00:42:31They shared their beautiful

00:42:33but strange photos on Twitter.

00:42:35They showed the sky

00:42:37above Sioux Falls

00:42:39and a few other cities.

00:42:41Even if it may look

00:42:43like something supernatural,

00:42:45it is not at all a terrifying phenomenon.

00:42:47It is a simple game

00:42:49between light and atmosphere.

00:42:51But such a phenomenon

00:42:53happens quite rarely

00:42:55and generally means that very bad weather is approaching.

00:42:59And it was the case in the South Dakota.

00:43:01Just before people

00:43:03started sharing their photos,

00:43:05a storm swept the city of Sioux Falls.

00:43:07This was confirmed

00:43:09by the American Meteorological Service.

00:43:11This hurricane was terrible.

00:43:13The wind speed was about 160 km per hour.

00:43:15According to the Beaufort scale,

00:43:17measuring the speed of the winds,

00:43:19it is the fastest

00:43:21and most destructive storm.

00:43:23There are only 12 levels on this scale

00:43:25and if the wind speed exceeds

00:43:27117 km per hour,

00:43:29it is that we have reached the maximum level.

00:43:31But it did not make the news

00:43:33because it is quite common

00:43:35in this region.

00:43:37Storms occur very often

00:43:39in the United States,

00:43:41especially during the hottest months.

00:43:43And a storm out of 10

00:43:45can become something more serious

00:43:47like a tornado.

00:43:49This one was no exception.

00:43:51It was the famous derecho.

00:43:53The derecho is very widespread

00:43:55and long-lasting.

00:43:57It is actually the combination

00:43:59of a violent storm,

00:44:01moving quickly,

00:44:03and rain.

00:44:05People often say that a derecho

00:44:07is as strong as a tornado.

00:44:09However, there is a difference between the two.

00:44:11A tornado is a vortex,

00:44:13a column of air in rotation.

00:44:15Its diameter is about 150 m,

00:44:17although it can reach up to 4 km.

00:44:19And in this case,

00:44:21it is better to be far.

00:44:23But the main point

00:44:25is that tornadoes turn.

00:44:27They turn quickly

00:44:29and in a circular way

00:44:31around an invisible center.

00:44:33A derecho is a strong storm

00:44:35or a system of strong storms

00:44:37with winds in a straight line.

00:44:39In other words,

00:44:41it does not turn.

00:44:43Instead, the derecho

00:44:45chooses a point somewhere

00:44:47and just runs there,

00:44:49like a very motivated marathon runner.

00:44:51If we compare a derecho

00:44:53to an ordinary tornado,

00:44:55the latter has 6 levels of strength,

00:44:57from 65 to 600 km per hour,

00:44:59while a derecho

00:45:01is a bit like a small tornado

00:45:03of average level 1 or 2.

00:45:05Usually,

00:45:07its speed is between

00:45:09115 and 180 km per hour.

00:45:11And in both cases,

00:45:13they can be accompanied

00:45:15by violent storms, lightning

00:45:17and rain.

00:45:19But these are different phenomena.

00:45:21A storm becomes a derecho

00:45:23if the amount of damage

00:45:25it causes

00:45:27exceeds 385 km of distance

00:45:29and if the wind speed

00:45:31is at least 95 km per hour.

00:45:33It is quite difficult

00:45:35to predict.

00:45:37It can form even in clear weather

00:45:39when meteorologists

00:45:41do not predict storms.

00:45:43And then the winds appear suddenly.

00:45:45It is so surprising

00:45:47that they can even seem explosive.

00:45:49But the National Meteorological Service

00:45:51tries to warn the inhabitants

00:45:53at least half an hour or an hour

00:45:55before it happens

00:45:57so that they have time to prepare

00:45:59and take shelter.

00:46:01It was no different this time.

00:46:03The storm swept almost the entire South Dakota

00:46:05as well as the neighboring states

00:46:07of Minnesota and Iowa.

00:46:09The consequences were quite serious.

00:46:11More than 30,000 people found themselves

00:46:13without electricity.

00:46:15Fortunately, no one was injured,

00:46:17especially because the inhabitants

00:46:19were rather used to hot air.

00:46:21However,

00:46:23the green sky is something different.

00:46:25It has become a very unusual

00:46:27spectacle for the inhabitants.

00:46:29Everyone was wondering

00:46:31why this was happening.

00:46:33Was it a bad omen

00:46:35or a normal meteorological phenomenon?

00:46:37To be completely honest,

00:46:39scientists have no exact explanation.

00:46:41But although there are only hypotheses,

00:46:43they seem rather convincing.

00:46:45A green sky

00:46:47is a very rare phenomenon.

00:46:49Most scientists think

00:46:51it happens when a powerful storm

00:46:53approaches the region

00:46:55before sunset or sunrise.

00:46:57The sky then turns green in the area.

00:46:59The NBC meteorologist

00:47:01Bill Karins,

00:47:03who himself was confronted

00:47:05with a similar event,

00:47:07suggests that the green sky

00:47:09appeared because of the huge hail

00:47:11that preceded the storm.

00:47:13First of all, let's talk about

00:47:15the reason why the sky is usually blue

00:47:17or any other nuance,

00:47:19depending on one's mood.

00:47:21The sun simultaneously carries

00:47:23all the rays of the spectrum of colors.

00:47:25It may seem white to us,

00:47:27but it actually has all the colors

00:47:29at the same time.

00:47:31However, these color waves

00:47:33all have different lengths.

00:47:35For example,

00:47:37blue rays are shorter than others.

00:47:39They pass through air molecules

00:47:41faster than red waves,

00:47:43so they reach us more quickly.

00:47:45This is why, in bright weather,

00:47:47the sky seems blue.

00:47:51Conversely,

00:47:53red and orange waves

00:47:55are very long and move more slowly.

00:47:57They are generally left behind.

00:47:59But when the sun passes

00:48:01under the horizon or rises,

00:48:03the direction of the rays changes

00:48:05and these waves reach us best.

00:48:07All this means that

00:48:09even if the sunrises and sunsets

00:48:11seem red and orange to us,

00:48:13there are actually

00:48:15always blue and green waves.

00:48:17But they must bounce on something

00:48:19to reach us faster

00:48:21and become stronger than the red rays.

00:48:25You know where we're going with this.

00:48:29This is where water comes into play.

00:48:31Clouds are made up

00:48:33of droplets of water.

00:48:35They are sufficiently large,

00:48:37but do not fall yet.

00:48:39For example, because of strong winds,

00:48:41they affect the behavior

00:48:43of light in the sky.

00:48:45Violent storms are mainly

00:48:47made up of water and hail.

00:48:49However, it is the water

00:48:51that best reflects blue and green rays.

00:48:53This is why the water

00:48:55of rivers and lakes

00:48:57seems blue-green to us,

00:48:59when in reality it is transparent.

00:49:01So there are some key factors

00:49:03in which the sky can become green.

00:49:05First of all, the sun must be

00:49:07at horizon level.

00:49:09Another factor is that even if

00:49:11storm clouds approach,

00:49:13they must not completely cover the sky.

00:49:15There must still be some space

00:49:17for the sun's rays.

00:49:19Then, barely perceptible blue rays

00:49:21head for storm clouds,

00:49:23but they are repulsed

00:49:25by droplets of water and hail.

00:49:27By mixing with the red sunset,

00:49:29they turn into a bright green light.

00:49:31And this green light

00:49:33spreads throughout the sky.

00:49:35This is why, in most cases,

00:49:37when the sky becomes green,

00:49:39people can only see it in the evening.

00:49:41This can possibly happen

00:49:43in the middle of the day,

00:49:45but it is very rare,

00:49:47since the conditions are very specific.

00:49:51Anyway,

00:49:53if you see a green sky,

00:49:55don't panic.

00:49:57This doesn't necessarily mean

00:49:59that a storm is approaching.

00:50:01The probability is high,

00:50:03but it is not an absolute rule.

00:50:05It can simply be a heavy rain

00:50:07or a strong hail.

00:50:09In other words,

00:50:11if you see a green sky,

00:50:13you'd better take shelter

00:50:15and put your car in safety.

00:50:17But if you are lucky enough

00:50:19to be able to admire a beautiful green sky

00:50:21from your home,

00:50:23take advantage of it,

00:50:25because you will have the chance

00:50:27to see the most amazing thing

00:50:29they have ever seen.

00:50:31Ah, beautiful!

00:50:33You are walking with your friend

00:50:35and you look at the sky.

00:50:37The sun seems a little different today,

00:50:39as if there was a kind of ring

00:50:41around it.

00:50:43Look at that!

00:50:45Your friend raises his phone,

00:50:47you shouldn't look directly at the stop,

00:50:49he suddenly says.

00:50:51It's a halo.

00:50:53You have to find shelter now

00:50:55A solar halo is a sign of nature

00:50:57indicating that a snowstorm

00:50:59or rain is coming.

00:51:01It is caused by the clouds

00:51:03made up of billions of small ice crystals.

00:51:05The sun's light

00:51:07passes through these crystals

00:51:09so that they divide and refract,

00:51:11like when there is a rainbow.

00:51:13Don't look directly at the solar halo.

00:51:15It's tempting because it's not

00:51:17something you see every day.

00:51:19And it's really beautiful.

00:51:21But ultraviolet rays can burn

00:51:23the tissues exposed to your retina

00:51:25and cause serious damage to your eyes.

00:51:27So it's not worth it.

00:51:29Or put on sunglasses.

00:51:31This phenomenon lasts about 40 minutes.

00:51:33These clouds are the same

00:51:35as those that can sometimes

00:51:37cause a frightening ring

00:51:39around the moon at night.

00:51:41In June 2020,

00:51:43people saw a cloud in the clouds,

00:51:45a rare storm formation in the sky.

00:51:47Formed when strong air currents

00:51:49transport water vapor upwards,

00:51:51the air expands and expands

00:51:53when it reaches the bottom

00:51:55of the stratosphere.

00:51:57It pushes the dense cloud

00:51:59giving it an anvil shape

00:52:01and sometimes it even becomes a mushroom.

00:52:03Anvil-shaped clouds

00:52:05produce some of the most dangerous

00:52:07lightning in all storms.

00:52:09These lightnings seem to come out

00:52:11as if by magic from the blue sky

00:52:13when the storm is several kilometers away.

00:52:15This type of lightning

00:52:17comes from the top of the anvil

00:52:19and can be 10 times more powerful

00:52:21than a standard lightning strike.

00:52:23People were so scared

00:52:25by the giant cloud

00:52:27that they thought something terrible

00:52:29had happened.

00:52:31They posted pictures of the monster

00:52:33on social media

00:52:35before the authorities

00:52:37could explain what was happening.

00:52:39Experts managed to calm everyone's fears

00:52:41by explaining that it was

00:52:43nothing more than a natural phenomenon.

00:52:45Before dissipating,

00:52:47the wind was blowing

00:52:49in the same area.

00:52:51If you go to the west coast of France,

00:52:53you will find the island of Ré.

00:52:55Thanks to its beautiful blue waters,

00:52:57its clean sand beaches

00:52:59and its amazing lights,

00:53:01this place is a very popular vacation spot.

00:53:03But what is perhaps the most amazing

00:53:05on the island of Ré

00:53:07is what is just on the edge of the shore.

00:53:09Square waves.

00:53:11This strange pattern of waves

00:53:13looks like a giant chessboard on the ocean.

00:53:15Many people on the island

00:53:17are captivated by these waves

00:53:19and go to high places

00:53:21like the nearby lighthouse

00:53:23to take pictures of this natural phenomenon.

00:53:25They say that when you see

00:53:27these square patterns in the water,

00:53:29it is almost as if there was

00:53:31a kind of metallic grid underneath.

00:53:33But even if these patterns of waves

00:53:35are fascinating,

00:53:37it is better to admire them from afar

00:53:39and stay out of the water.

00:53:41To understand how these square waves

00:53:43look like in general,

00:53:45waves can travel several kilometers

00:53:47at the surface of the water

00:53:49depending on the wind and weather.

00:53:51And even on days when the weather

00:53:53seems rather calm,

00:53:55storms located in the distance

00:53:57can send swirling waves

00:53:59that affect the calm waters of the shore.

00:54:01When the waves move

00:54:03towards the shores of distant lands,

00:54:05this is called a swell,

00:54:07which is different from a wave

00:54:09that occurs because of a local wind.

00:54:11On the other hand,

00:54:13this is called a cross sea.

00:54:15This is what generates these square waves

00:54:17that we observe near the island of Ré.

00:54:19Although these waves are one of the reasons

00:54:21why people flock to the island,

00:54:23they can still expect to enjoy

00:54:25calm and relaxing waters most of the time.

00:54:27The cross sea only occurs

00:54:29at certain times of the year

00:54:31in specific weather conditions.

00:54:33In addition, everyone knows in Ré

00:54:35that it is necessary to avoid the ocean

00:54:37when these square waves appear

00:54:39and that it is difficult to hear

00:54:41about victims who have been trapped.

00:54:43And since many people on the island

00:54:45are tourists, there are many signs

00:54:47to warn them to get out of the water

00:54:49during this period.

00:54:51However, not everyone

00:54:53necessarily receives the information.

00:54:55There have been some cases

00:54:57where people were caught

00:54:59in the cross sea,

00:55:01but luckily they managed to get out.

00:55:03These square waves have become

00:55:05relatively famous over time

00:55:07due to cross seas like this one.

00:55:09In fact, no one has ever spotted

00:55:11square waves elsewhere

00:55:13than off the island of Ré.

00:55:15However, there are swells

00:55:17in all the oceans of the world

00:55:19and a cross sea can take place anywhere.

00:55:21But if the angle with which

00:55:23they approach each other is lower,

00:55:25the wave can give the impression

00:55:27of coming from the same direction,

00:55:29even if this is not the case.

00:55:31Not to mention that the swells

00:55:33can slowly lose their momentum

00:55:35so that their crest,

00:55:37or the top of the wave,

00:55:39seems rounder and less defined.

00:55:41The wind and weather regimes

00:55:43specific to the island of Ré

00:55:45create the perfect conditions

00:55:47to create a cross sea

00:55:49that people can clearly recognize.

00:55:51We are in 2009 in Italy.

00:55:53From his kitchen,

00:55:55a man sees flickering lights.

00:55:57He knows exactly what to do.

00:55:59He takes his family to a safe place.

00:56:01A few seconds later,

00:56:03an enormous earthquake hits the region.

00:56:05His family survived

00:56:07thanks to his quick reaction.

00:56:09He knew that these flickering lights

00:56:11were the sign of an imminent earthquake.

00:56:13People see these mysterious lights

00:56:15from chandeliers,

00:56:17and some thought it was a kind of sign

00:56:19coming from space.

00:56:21Scientists did not take them seriously,

00:56:23but after the invention of photography,

00:56:25more and more proofs of these strange lights

00:56:27have appeared.

00:56:29Soon, they understood the link.

00:56:31The lights appear,

00:56:33and very quickly, the earthquake strikes.

00:56:35After digging a little,

00:56:37they found very old testimonies

00:56:39of these earthquake lights.

00:56:41It is said that blue flames

00:56:43came out of the ground

00:56:45just before an earthquake.

00:56:47The crabs of Christmas Island

00:56:49participate in a surprising phenomenon

00:56:51once a year.

00:56:53Their migration period

00:56:55is determined by the phase of the Moon

00:56:57and the first rains between October and February,

00:56:59although the exact date

00:57:01cannot be predicted.

00:57:03Once the crabs have received the signal,

00:57:05they leave their habitat in the forest

00:57:07and migrate in massive hordes

00:57:09to the sea.

00:57:11Counting by millions,

00:57:13we can observe a sea of red crabs

00:57:15blocking the roads as they cross the island,

00:57:17making their way to the ocean.

00:57:19There, they lay their eggs,

00:57:21then take their way in the opposite direction,

00:57:23returning to the forest

00:57:25until the following year.

00:57:27In the Indian state of Meghalaya,

00:57:29there are bridges

00:57:31made entirely of living tree roots.

00:57:33The bridges are made

00:57:35of these thick and twisted roots

00:57:37that are strong enough

00:57:39to support the weight

00:57:41of more than 50 people at a time.

00:57:43The Kazi and Jaintya tribes

00:57:45have become masters

00:57:47in the art of growing these insensitive bridges.

00:57:49They need them to more easily cross

00:57:51the streams that flow down.

00:57:53Some of these root bridges

00:57:55can take up to 10 or 15 years

00:57:57to grow a bridge.

00:57:59During the process,

00:58:01the roots intertwine

00:58:03closely with each other

00:58:05and that's how the bridges

00:58:07become so strong.

00:58:09Once a bridge is fully formed,

00:58:11it can last for more than 500 years.

00:58:13As some roots decompose,

00:58:15new ones continue to grow.

00:58:17This is why these natural

00:58:19inexhaustible constructions

00:58:21are so important.

00:58:23Luminous columns

00:58:25are colored beams of light

00:58:27that shine from the earth

00:58:29to the sky

00:58:31or that shine from the clouds.

00:58:33Usually, they only occur

00:58:35in cold weather

00:58:37because they form

00:58:39when the light of the sun

00:58:41reflects on ice crystals

00:58:43floating in the air.

00:58:45The higher the crystals are in the air,

00:58:47the larger these luminous

00:58:49and colored columns become.

00:58:51In the whole world,

00:58:53there are hidden caves

00:58:55that are filled with phosphorescent light.

00:58:57This light comes from

00:58:59hundreds of luminous worms

00:59:01that have settled comfortably

00:59:03in these caves.

00:59:05Some of these caves

00:59:07are over 30 million years old

00:59:09and most of them are

00:59:11in New Zealand and Australia.

00:59:13The worms themselves

00:59:15don't really shine,

00:59:17but the green babies,

00:59:19which form nets,

00:59:21can illuminate the whole cave.

00:59:23Their goal is to attract flies

00:59:25and other tasty insects

00:59:27that the worms enjoy.

00:59:29Rainbow trees

00:59:31do exist.

00:59:33Originated in the Philippines

00:59:35and Indonesia,

00:59:37these colorful wonders

00:59:39are called rainbow eucalyptus.

00:59:41The colors are created

00:59:43by the contrast between

00:59:45the old and the new bark.

00:59:47The new bark is green,

00:59:49then purple,

00:59:51then red,

00:59:53and finally brown.

00:59:55These trees contain

00:59:57a substance called chlorophyll

00:59:59that makes the bark green.

01:00:01As each strip of bark ages,

01:00:03it loses chlorophyll

01:00:05and slowly changes color.

01:00:09You are lying on the grass

01:00:11looking at the blue sky

01:00:13enjoying the song of the birds

01:00:15You look at clouds

01:00:17of different shapes

01:00:19rising slowly,

01:00:21very high in the air.

01:00:23Suddenly,

01:00:25you hear a distant rumbling.

01:00:27You then notice

01:00:29a gigantic cloud in front of you.

01:00:31But it's not its size that frightens you.

01:00:33It's its shape.

01:00:35It's not necessarily a bad omen.

01:00:37In fact, it's not even a cloud.

01:00:39A few years ago,

01:00:41a huge skull formed

01:00:43above the Vesuvius in Italy.

01:00:45It's the same volcano

01:00:47that destroyed the city of Pompeii

01:00:49a long time ago.

01:00:51Of course, at that time,

01:00:53many people were afraid

01:00:55that the volcano would erupt again.

01:00:57But, fortunately,

01:00:59it is still submerged in a deep sleep.

01:01:01It is only a forest fire

01:01:03that created this skull-shaped cloud.

01:01:05But some inhabitants thought

01:01:07that this fire had been deliberately lit.

01:01:09It wouldn't be the first time.

01:01:11Centralia, Pennsylvania.

01:01:13Population? Well, look for yourself.

01:01:15It's scary.

01:01:17No trees, no animals,

01:01:19no people.

01:01:21All buildings are empty.

01:01:23Roads are crevassed and covered in gravel.

01:01:25No cars either.

01:01:27Smoke everywhere.

01:01:29This city has been burning for more than 50 years.

01:01:31Centralia was a mining town.

01:01:33Its inhabitants began

01:01:35to use an abandoned coal mine

01:01:37as a discharge.

01:01:39But, according to many sources,

01:01:41the city decided to set it on fire.

01:01:43This plan was a real fiasco.

01:01:45Let's see what happened here.

01:01:47The fire of debris

01:01:49infiltrated

01:01:51into the galleries of the mine.

01:01:53It ignited the coal that was there

01:01:55and since then it burns permanently.

01:01:57The level of carbon dioxide

01:01:59has increased

01:02:01and we had to close

01:02:03the other surrounding mines

01:02:05for safety.

01:02:07In 2017,

01:02:09there were only 5 inhabitants left.

01:02:11Welcome to the Lake Abraham

01:02:13in Canada.

01:02:15It's completely frozen.

01:02:17If you try to see

01:02:19what's under the ice,

01:02:21you won't see any fish.

01:02:23Just mysterious frozen bubbles.

01:02:25They look like small clouds

01:02:27caught in the ice

01:02:29or like jellyfish

01:02:31that have forgotten

01:02:33to put their doodles.

01:02:35These thousands of bubbles

01:02:37are composed of methane.

01:02:39But don't try to dig a hole

01:02:41in the ice to touch them.

01:02:43Methane is flammable.

01:02:45It is created by bacteria

01:02:47that break down the leaves,

01:02:49grass, insects

01:02:51and other organic substances

01:02:53found in the lake.

01:02:55When methane touches icy water,

01:02:57it forms small frozen bubbles

01:02:59and when the ice melts,

01:03:01they burst.

01:03:03We find similar lakes

01:03:05near some coasts

01:03:07of the Arctic Ocean.

01:03:09Here, the size of the bubbles

01:03:11can reach several times

01:03:13the size of a golf club.

01:03:15Pretty, but dangerous.

01:03:17Our next lake

01:03:19is in Indonesia,

01:03:21on Java Island.

01:03:23You arrive in front of a large volcano

01:03:25covered by grass and trees.

01:03:27It seems asleep,

01:03:29but the smoke escapes.

01:03:31It's easy to climb to the top.

01:03:33Exhausted, sweaty,

01:03:35you get there and look

01:03:37into the crater.

01:03:39Hmm, no boiling lava,

01:03:41but a magnificent turquoise lake.

01:03:43It looks like an oasis.

01:03:45It's the perfect time

01:03:47for a refreshing swim.

01:03:49You run down and get ready

01:03:51to dive in the water.

01:03:53But it's not water,

01:03:55it's acid.

01:03:57Sulfuric gases infiltrate

01:03:59the water.

01:04:01When the gases touch it,

01:04:03it forms this beautiful turquoise water,

01:04:05I mean, this acid.

01:04:07It's better to go back

01:04:09to the nearest village,

01:04:11rest, and come back at night

01:04:13when it's cooler.

01:04:15In the dark,

01:04:17the lake seems to shine.

01:04:19Just above,

01:04:21we see small light clouds

01:04:23bursting.

01:04:25Sulfuric gases

01:04:27in the air, underground,

01:04:29in the volcanoes, in the lakes.

01:04:31Hmm, it's time to go to the sea.

01:04:33You get on a yacht

01:04:35and sail.

01:04:37No matter what,

01:04:39because the next phenomenon

01:04:41can happen anywhere in the world.

01:04:43The sea is calm,

01:04:45there is no wind,

01:04:47everything is peaceful.

01:04:49Wait, what is it?

01:04:51You hear a loud, very loud noise.

01:04:53Two seconds later,

01:04:55you get out of nowhere

01:04:57and hit your boat.

01:04:59It manages to stay afloat

01:05:01and the huge wave disappears.

01:05:03You have just survived

01:05:05an accelerating wave.

01:05:07Some scientists think

01:05:09it happens when a surface current

01:05:11collides with a strong headwind.

01:05:13Others say it happens

01:05:15when hot currents collide

01:05:17with cold currents.

01:05:19Another theory is that

01:05:21of small waves

01:05:23In some conditions,

01:05:25waves would have a kind of superpower.

01:05:27Among all the waves in an area,

01:05:29there is one that sucks the energy

01:05:31of all the others.

01:05:33And when it is full,

01:05:35it releases everything.

01:05:37This could be the reason

01:05:39why this wave is so strong

01:05:41and lasts only a moment.

01:05:43And what about the scary clouds?

01:05:45These are huge thunderstorms,

01:05:47gray and black walls blocking the sun,

01:05:49the moon and the stars.

01:05:51First, you relax in your garden

01:05:53then you see thunderstorms.

01:05:55Then comes the storm,

01:05:57hail, floods

01:05:59and even tornadoes.

01:06:01They are easy to spot

01:06:03by their thick, heavy and dark appearance.

01:06:05They can even light up

01:06:07from the inside because of the lightning.

01:06:09It's a scary cloud.

01:06:11But before you run away,

01:06:13let's see how they form.

01:06:15Clouds are like roller coasters.

01:06:17Imagine that you are a small drop of water

01:06:19that you find with your friends in the ocean

01:06:21and that you queue up for the new ride

01:06:23that just opened.

01:06:25Your turn comes, you tie up,

01:06:27nothing happens.

01:06:29Then you start to climb, climb,

01:06:31you see all your friends droplet down.

01:06:33They are very small.

01:06:35You keep climbing

01:06:37while waiting for the big jump.

01:06:39But nothing happens.

01:06:41Then you are so high

01:06:43that you find yourself in the clouds.

01:06:45It's not that scary,

01:06:47you can see all your friends here.

01:06:49It's pretty nice.

01:06:51It's starting to get cold.

01:06:53You look around you.

01:06:55Everyone turns into beautiful ice crystals.

01:06:57It's so pretty.

01:06:59The clouds are filling up.

01:07:01You are a bit narrow

01:07:03with all these other droplets of water.

01:07:05Finally, what a nice little...

01:07:07Ah!

01:07:09The ride starts again

01:07:11and you fall into a free fall.

01:07:13First slowly,

01:07:15then you fall on the ground.

01:07:17Some hang on the ramp,

01:07:19others laugh and raise their arms in the air.

01:07:21Woohoo!

01:07:23Splash!

01:07:25Scary!

01:07:27However, I prefer the lightning ride.

01:07:29It's the one where you play

01:07:31very high in the clouds.

01:07:33The more drops of water you hit,

01:07:35the more lightning you create.

01:07:37All the lightning

01:07:39do not occur inside the clouds.

01:07:41There is a rare phenomenon

01:07:43called dirty storm.

01:07:45When lightning occurs above a volcano.

01:07:47You can see it in Japan.

01:07:49A volcano erupts almost every day

01:07:51spitting out black panaches.

01:07:53Super scary volcano clouds

01:07:55with lightning.

01:07:57Woohoo!

01:07:59Ordinary lightning occurs during a storm

01:08:01when ice crystals hit each other.

01:08:03In a dirty storm,

01:08:05ashes collide

01:08:07creating a friction that causes lightning.

01:08:09Well,

01:08:11let's end this trip

01:08:13with something calmer and more beautiful.

01:08:17You are in the Atacama Desert

01:08:19in northern Chile,

01:08:21one of the driest places on the planet.

01:08:23But this desert has a secret.

01:08:25Every 3 to 5 years,

01:08:27flowers appear from nowhere.

01:08:29The phenomenon is so famous

01:08:31that it is also called the flowery desert.

01:08:33Seeds rest in the ground

01:08:35waiting for just a little water.

01:08:37When it rains in this desert,

01:08:39about 200 types of flowers

01:08:41begin to germinate.

01:08:43The Atacama's yellow sand

01:08:45then turns purple, white, green and pink.

01:08:47Ah,

01:08:49the beauty of nature

01:08:51all around you.

01:08:53The fresh air and days and days

01:08:55of rest and meditation

01:08:57far from civilization.

01:08:59But you walked for a while

01:09:01to get here

01:09:03and now it's time to set up your camp.

01:09:05You start and you can't find

01:09:07an appropriate place to set up your tent.

01:09:09Then you see a beautiful plot of greenery

01:09:11completely devoid of trees

01:09:13and sprinkled with some small bushes.

01:09:15You go there, satisfied with your finding,

01:09:17and you start to set up your tent.

01:09:19The ground is exceptionally

01:09:21furniture and smooth,

01:09:23but it doesn't bother you too much.

01:09:25All the better, the stakes enter the ground

01:09:27like a knife in butter.

01:09:29When you're done, it's already night,

01:09:31so you enter the tent

01:09:33with a well-dressed sleeping bag.

01:09:35You wake up with the feeling

01:09:37that something is wrong.

01:09:39You feel... wet?

01:09:41You start to rummage

01:09:43inside your sleeping bag

01:09:45and yes, it is almost completely

01:09:47soaked underneath.

01:09:49You rush out of the tent

01:09:51as fast as possible

01:09:53and you see that it begins to sink into the ground.

01:09:55It turns out that you set up your camp

01:09:57on a swamp.

01:09:59And you were lucky.

01:10:01Sometimes you won't even notice them

01:10:03before you plunge into the mud

01:10:05and find yourself with trouble

01:10:07to the knees.

01:10:09Getting out of there can also be complicated.

01:10:11The moss and roots create a kind of

01:10:13soft mattress that slowly pulls you down.

01:10:15And when you try to raise your feet,

01:10:17you may end up without your boots.

01:10:19It is quite easy to recognize

01:10:21a forest swamp when you know

01:10:23what to look for.

01:10:25If you are in a dense forest

01:10:27and you see a luxurious and sunny clearing

01:10:29where only moss grows

01:10:31and a few small bushes,

01:10:33there is a good chance that it is a swamp.

01:10:35You can also check this

01:10:37by walking lightly on this kind of terrain.

01:10:39If it seems elastic to you,

01:10:41it is better not to approach it.

01:10:43Strangely, another thing

01:10:45for which swamps can be dangerous

01:10:47is when there is a forest fire.

01:10:49If you stay too close to a swamp

01:10:51and you light a campfire,

01:10:53it can start a fire,

01:10:55especially if there is a lot of wind.

01:10:57Swamps and marshes are filled

01:10:59with tar buried under

01:11:01layers of water and moss.

01:11:03When it starts to burn,

01:11:05it is almost impossible to extinguish it.

01:11:07Before lighting a campfire,

01:11:09always keep a safe distance

01:11:11from a swamp.

01:11:13Another common mistake

01:11:15when setting up a camp in nature

01:11:17is not to raise your eyes.

01:11:19Let's say you found a solid ground

01:11:21to set up your tent,

01:11:23that you got rid of all the debris

01:11:25and there is no anthill nearby.

01:11:27You don't want something to slip

01:11:29into your sleeping bag

01:11:31during the night, do you?

01:11:33The place you chose is perfect

01:11:35and the tree next to your tent

01:11:37protects you from the wind and rain.

01:11:39You set up for the night,

01:11:41you turn off your camping lamp

01:11:43and suddenly your tent deforms

01:11:45as if a wild beast had attacked you.

01:11:47Disconcerted, you run out

01:11:49and you see that a huge branch

01:11:51has fallen on your tent.

01:11:53The worst is that you would have seen it coming

01:11:55if only you had raised your eyes

01:11:57before setting up.

01:11:59Half-broken and rotten branches

01:12:01are easy to spot

01:12:03and it is never a good idea

01:12:05to put your tent directly underneath.

01:12:07This kind of thing can break at any time

01:12:09and you will be lucky if it does not tear

01:12:11your tent and seriously injure you.

01:12:13You know, crack!

01:12:15Dozens of tourists make this mistake

01:12:17every year and often pay a high price.

01:12:19Looking up

01:12:21will also help you ensure

01:12:23that there are no geese or spider webs

01:12:25above you.

01:12:27This could be even worse than a branch

01:12:29because geese do not like to be disturbed

01:12:31and spiders can turn out to be venomous.

01:12:33Now,

01:12:35if you see a beautiful river

01:12:37and decide to camp on its banks,

01:12:39also pay attention to the exact place

01:12:41where you set up.

01:12:43If you stay too close to the water,

01:12:45especially in spring or autumn,

01:12:47there is a good chance that you will end up

01:12:49in the middle of the night.

01:12:51Always check the weather forecast

01:12:53for the day and night to come.

01:12:55If it is likely to rain,

01:12:57it is better to stay away from all water

01:12:59in particular rivers.

01:13:01The rain could raise the water level

01:13:03and flood its banks,

01:13:05thus taking away your little camp

01:13:07and your holidays.

01:13:09But even if you are far from the water,

01:13:11the rain could spoil your holidays anyway.

01:13:13Let's say you are again in the heart of the forest

01:13:15and that the top of the trees

01:13:17are still wet.

01:13:19The rain always reaches the ground

01:13:21but at least you do not suffer

01:13:23as much as staying in the open air.

01:13:25The next night,

01:13:27when you set up your camp in another place,

01:13:29you feel that the ground is soft and elastic.

01:13:31However, it is not a swamp.

01:13:33The rain of the last night

01:13:35has only made the ground spongy.

01:13:37If you find yourself in a place like this,

01:13:39it is better to settle in a place

01:13:41where the ground is harder.

01:13:43The problem is that the smooth terrain

01:13:45can start to disintegrate under your feet

01:13:47at any time.

01:13:49This movement is not as dangerous

01:13:51as when you are in a swamp,

01:13:53but the spikes of your tent can detach

01:13:55and you will end up being buried

01:13:57under all the fabrics of your tent.

01:13:59And if you decide to set up your camp

01:14:01in a beautiful valley

01:14:03and that the rain starts to fall

01:14:05while you are here,

01:14:07well, prepare yourself

01:14:09for a pleasant floating trip.

01:14:11All the water will naturally descend

01:14:13under your tent.

01:14:15No wonder if you find your feet in the water

01:14:17when you wake up.

01:14:19Oh, what a beautiful place to rest

01:14:21after a long walk.

01:14:23It is located at the top of a hill,

01:14:25so there is no water nearby,

01:14:27the sun shines,

01:14:29and there is not a single tree to block it.

01:14:31Taking a sunbath here will be fabulous.

01:14:33This is what you can think about

01:14:35during the first hours,

01:14:37but when you stay here long enough,

01:14:39you will understand the error of your decision.

01:14:41Your tent can heat up in a few hours

01:14:43because of the materials it is made of.

01:14:45You will feel it on your skin

01:14:47as soon as you slip into it.

01:14:49And let's say you don't want to stay here

01:14:51for too long,

01:14:53and that it would be better to wait for the night

01:14:55for the tent to cool down.

01:14:57Same thing with the wind.

01:14:59In an open place,

01:15:01gusts can reach incredible speeds.

01:15:03And if you didn't pay attention

01:15:05by sinking your stakes,

01:15:07you could say goodbye to your tent

01:15:09and camp near a tree

01:15:11that will protect you from both the sun and the wind.

01:15:13However,

01:15:15don't camp near an isolated tree

01:15:17when the weather forecast

01:15:19is not in your favor.

01:15:21The weather or the rain are acceptable,

01:15:23but if a big storm is coming,

01:15:25a completely isolated tree

01:15:27will act as a shield.

01:15:29It is not difficult to imagine

01:15:31what could happen

01:15:33if lightning struck a tree

01:15:35under which you camp.

01:15:37In winter,

01:15:39the weather can be even worse.

01:15:41Do you remember what I said

01:15:43about the direct sunlight?

01:15:45Forget it.

01:15:47In winter, it is preferable

01:15:49that the sun shines on your tent.

01:15:51The cold can hurt you.

01:15:53Even if your tent is super cool

01:15:55and costs a lot,

01:15:57and the winds are generally

01:15:59much more violent during the cold season,

01:16:01the direct sunlight will help you

01:16:03to withstand a large part of the cold.

01:16:05Do not set a campfire

01:16:07too close to the tent.

01:16:09Once again,

01:16:11the material of the tent

01:16:13conducts the heat very well,

01:16:15and it is a good thing

01:16:17when you want to warm up.

01:16:19But it also ignites very easily.

01:16:21Sometimes, a spark

01:16:23is enough to reduce

01:16:25your ashes.

01:16:27Make sure there is enough space

01:16:29between your tent and the campfire

01:16:31and never leave your fire

01:16:33Insects can spoil

01:16:35any walk,

01:16:37even if it is great.

01:16:39Mosquitoes, ants, ticks

01:16:41and other harmful insects

01:16:43can make their way

01:16:45to your tent,

01:16:47wherever you are.

01:16:49So be sure to be protected.

01:16:51Use repellents for the skin

01:16:53when you go out

01:16:55and place an anti-mosquito spiral

01:16:57next to the entrance of your tent.

01:16:59However, do not place it

01:17:01too close to the tent.

01:17:03To avoid mosquitoes

01:17:05and especially ticks,

01:17:07try to stay away from lakes,

01:17:09ponds and dense forests

01:17:11where there may be swamps.

01:17:13Mosquitoes reproduce

01:17:15in calm waters,

01:17:17so that the areas around

01:17:19these basins are filled

01:17:21with frozen parasites.

01:17:23But they have a hard time

01:17:25flying when there is wind.

01:17:27Choose an open place

01:17:29to avoid the most dangerous

01:17:31birds in the world,

01:17:33eagles or vultures.

01:17:35Surprisingly,

01:17:37Casuarids can cause

01:17:39much more damage

01:17:41than the famous angry birds

01:17:43mentioned earlier.

01:17:45It is the third largest bird

01:17:47in the world

01:17:49and the second largest

01:17:51dangerous after the ostrich,

01:17:53the moose.

01:17:55The Casuar is one of the

01:17:57most dangerous

01:17:59and dangerous birds in the world.

01:18:01It can be as dangerous

01:18:03as the moose,

01:18:05but it is not a big deal.

01:18:07It can reach you

01:18:09even in the water

01:18:11because they are great swimmers.

01:18:13They can run as fast

01:18:15as 50 km per hour,

01:18:17so you might need

01:18:19a car to escape

01:18:21if one of them

01:18:23is angry at you.

01:18:25In fact, touching

01:18:27one of these 13 kg birds

01:18:29is a very bad idea.

01:18:31They have bones in their wings

01:18:33that they use to destroy

01:18:35their enemies.

01:18:37Their wingspan is about

01:18:392.5 meters,

01:18:41and they can hit you

01:18:43with all that.

01:18:45And they bite too.

01:18:47Never get too close

01:18:49to one of them.

01:18:51They regularly attack humans,

01:18:53so be careful.

01:18:55Humans and Pis

01:18:57have always had

01:18:59strange relationships

01:19:01like love-hate.

01:19:03These medium-sized birds

01:19:05can sometimes be quite aggressive,

01:19:07but if you treat them well,

01:19:09you will probably become friends.

01:19:11Pis can recognize human faces

01:19:13and they will certainly come back

01:19:15to your balcony

01:19:17if you offer them

01:19:19something delicious.

01:19:21Pelicans are symbols of love

01:19:23and they are said to be ready

01:19:25to sacrifice their own life

01:19:27to protect their offspring.

01:19:29Now we understand why

01:19:31they can swallow the whole prey

01:19:33without even chewing or tearing it.

01:19:35You just don't want to get close

01:19:37to their nest.

01:19:39Of course you are not a small fish

01:19:41and pelican beaks are too small

01:19:43for a human being,

01:19:45but still,

01:19:47you don't want to be bitten,

01:19:49so you have to be careful.

01:19:51They can reach up to 1.5 meters high,

01:19:53just below the average height of a man.

01:19:55No wonder they can fight

01:19:57a crocodile.

01:19:59Okay, a baby crocodile,

01:20:01but it only needs its super-powerful jaw

01:20:03to win in one go.

01:20:05Still not afraid?

01:20:07They make noises that make your back cold,

01:20:09a bit like in a blockbuster.

01:20:11If you think that these cowardly ostriches

01:20:13don't pose any danger,

01:20:15you are wrong twice.

01:20:17First of all,

01:20:19they have very sharp eyes.

01:20:21Yes, how are they supposed

01:20:23to breathe in the sand?

01:20:25Secondly, they are very protective

01:20:27hen parents.

01:20:29So if you want to get close

01:20:31to their chicks,

01:20:33know that they can run

01:20:35as fast as a city car.

01:20:37Still not worried?

01:20:39Well, you should be.

01:20:41Ostriches are the closest

01:20:43living parents to T-Rex and chickens.

01:20:45Ostriches have two different claws

01:20:47that are polyvalent.

01:20:49First, they are a kind of protection

01:20:51against predators, and secondly,

01:20:53they help them climb trees

01:20:55in case the baby is out of bed.

01:20:57Once they have grown up,

01:20:59the claws disappear like dandelions.

01:21:01Size doesn't always matter.

01:21:03If you were a hummingbird,

01:21:05you would have to eat

01:21:07almost 150 kg of food per day

01:21:09to maintain a normal weight

01:21:11with the metabolism of this little bird.

01:21:13But you can't do that with a bird

01:21:15that is 3 to 5 years old.

01:21:17If you dye your hair,

01:21:19you probably have more in common

01:21:21with a vulture than you think.

01:21:23We are probably the only two species

01:21:25in the world that use dye on purpose.

01:21:27Vultures dye their feathers

01:21:29with red soil to show their domination

01:21:31over other birds.

01:21:33Humans? Well, we just like

01:21:35changes.

01:21:37California condors

01:21:39may not be as big as a plane,

01:21:41but they are huge.

01:21:43Their wingspan is almost 3 meters.

01:21:45They are potentially dangerous for people,

01:21:47but the chances of meeting one

01:21:49are slim.

01:21:51There are only about 200 of them

01:21:53in the United States.

01:21:55Here you are, looking for something

01:21:57delicious in the fridge,

01:21:59but you don't see what you really want.

01:22:01If you were a griffin,

01:22:03you would drop a big pea.

01:22:05It seems disgusting,

01:22:07but apparently that's how these birds

01:22:09behave.

01:22:11It's time to close our eyes

01:22:13and enjoy our meal.

01:22:15Ok, enough of these crazy stories.

01:22:17Let's look at the sky.

01:22:19You wouldn't expect to see

01:22:21a venomous bird on this list,

01:22:23but alas, let me introduce you

01:22:25to the bicolor pitohy.

01:22:27Scientists discovered that they were venomous

01:22:29when they began to feel

01:22:31bites and burning sensations

01:22:33after manipulating these birds.

01:22:35There are a lot of toxins in their feathers,

01:22:37as you can see on the bottom.

01:22:39Birds don't produce toxins themselves,

01:22:41they probably get them

01:22:43from the coelopters they eat.

01:22:45And what about Gambian armadillo?

01:22:47They are also known for their toxicity.

01:22:49And this toxicity comes from

01:22:51the consumption of meloides.

01:22:53You can touch them without danger,

01:22:55but eating one can have irreversible consequences.

01:22:57The toxin even subsists

01:22:59after cooking.

01:23:01Another bird you don't want to eat

01:23:03is a common kai.

01:23:05This is a Japanese kai,

01:23:07which is generally conserved as a fly.

01:23:09Common kai can be really toxic

01:23:11and cause consequences as terrible

01:23:13as a renal failure.

01:23:15Everything depends on the plants

01:23:17this bird eats.

01:23:19Good news, it is only venomous

01:23:21during the migration period,

01:23:23but it is delicious and safe

01:23:25outside of migration.

01:23:27If you are not sure,

01:23:29it is better to avoid having it

01:23:31on your plate,

01:23:33but...

01:23:35run away!

01:23:37They may look innocent,

01:23:39but they actually have sharp teeth

01:23:41like razors,

01:23:43which they perfectly know how to use.

01:23:45They lead them to the most vulnerable parts,

01:23:47such as the head, the eyes...

01:23:49You got it, don't rub yourself

01:23:51with a snowflake.

01:23:53Another species you don't want to see

01:23:55is the python.

01:23:57This little bird and its innocent eyes...

01:23:59No, no, don't be fooled.

01:24:01They are as venomous as the famous

01:24:03poisonous frogs and arrows

01:24:05from Central and South America.

01:24:07Kowald's ifrita may be tiny,

01:24:09but it has a toxic mechanism

01:24:11that makes this little bird invincible.

01:24:13It only eats certain types of

01:24:15coleopters that provide it

01:24:17with special toxins.

01:24:19Even if you touch it,

01:24:21you will probably be intoxicated.

01:24:23It is inedible because the toxins

01:24:25do not disappear even when it is cooked.

01:24:27Royal eagles are the engines

01:24:29of the world of birds.

01:24:31They can weigh up to 1.8 kg.

01:24:33They easily catch turtles

01:24:35and other prey.

01:24:37These powerful birds are strong enough

01:24:39to fly a baby, but they never do.

01:24:41Moreover, in Mongolia, people

01:24:43even use these eagles to hunt wolves.

01:24:45Canadian herons have lived

01:24:47near humans for years,

01:24:49but they are always wary of us

01:24:51approaching their habitat,

01:24:53especially in the spring,

01:24:55the season of love.

01:24:57They consider us as a threat

01:24:59to their eggs, their companions

01:25:01or their babies.

01:25:03If you want to avoid being attacked

01:25:05by these angry birds,

01:25:07the best thing to do

01:25:09is to move back very slowly.

01:25:11Romantic seagulls in the sky

01:25:13do not seem to cause many problems.

01:25:15The worst they can do

01:25:17is to release some unwanted excrements.

01:25:19This impression is quite misleading

01:25:21because these birds are very aggressive.

01:25:23Like all birds of their species,

01:25:25these birds are afraid of birds

01:25:27and stay away from their nests.

01:25:29When the time machine

01:25:31has finally been invented,

01:25:33be very careful

01:25:35with the birds of the past.

01:25:37The velociraptors that were on Earth

01:25:39at the time, just like the rest of the dinosaurs,

01:25:41had greaves and feathers.

01:25:43So they were real birds

01:25:45and not scaly lizards.

01:25:47In fact, it is the pointed greaves

01:25:49that you should be afraid of.

01:25:51They can cut anything.

01:25:54Boom!

01:25:56Imagine a huge explosion.

01:25:58This boom is far from enough

01:26:00to illustrate the most powerful detonation

01:26:02you have ever seen.

01:26:04Indeed, it is a whole lake

01:26:06that has just exploded.

01:26:08All you wanted to do was light fireworks

01:26:10in this picturesque place.

01:26:12But obviously, you totally missed

01:26:14the sign, danger, strictly forbidden fire.

01:26:16And now,

01:26:18a terrible wall of smoking water

01:26:20rushes at full speed on you.

01:26:23But first, let's go back to the beginning of history.

01:26:25You are in Alberta, Canada.

01:26:27And you have just arrived at Lake Abraham

01:26:29to go hiking for the rest of your life.

01:26:31The lake is frozen and the view is superb.

01:26:33These bubbles under the ice

01:26:35look like hundreds of frozen jellyfish.

01:26:37In reality, they are made of methane,

01:26:39a toxic gas and highly flammable

01:26:41produced by the bacteria

01:26:43that live at the bottom of the lake.

01:26:45That's why the sign is there.

01:26:47If you light a match on this ice,

01:26:49you could catch fire.

01:26:51You took note of it by coming here

01:26:53and you arranged the fireworks you wanted to light.

01:26:55Very good.

01:26:57Now, another place, another time,

01:26:59another lake.

01:27:01This one is not frozen.

01:27:03In fact, it has probably not known winter

01:27:05since the last ice age.

01:27:07We are in Cameroon now

01:27:09and the place is called Lake Nyos.

01:27:11It looks peaceful, but you are not mistaken.

01:27:13Its brown-orange waters

01:27:15hide a deadly secret.

01:27:17The lake is at the top of a very volatile zone

01:27:19and the cracks in its bottom

01:27:21allow enormous amounts of carbon dioxide to escape.

01:27:23When the ground moves,

01:27:25this gas spills out of the lake

01:27:27and flows for miles around it.

01:27:29The concentrations are so high

01:27:31that a single breath

01:27:33could make you lose consciousness

01:27:35and you would have no chance

01:27:37of waking up.

01:27:39But the most worrying thing

01:27:41is that CO2 has no smell

01:27:43or color,

01:27:45so you can't even see it coming.

01:27:47Local authorities have set up

01:27:49a pipe system that drains the lake's gas,

01:27:51making it relatively safe

01:27:53for people and animals nearby.

01:27:55And another toxic lake,

01:27:57Kivu, on the border between Congo and Rwanda,

01:27:59has even been set up

01:28:01to provide energy

01:28:03to millions of people thanks to its gases.

01:28:05Since we are in Africa,

01:28:07let's visit the Danakil Depression

01:28:09in Ethiopia.

01:28:11Nicknamed the hottest place on the planet,

01:28:13it bears its name well.

01:28:15The Danakil Depression is littered

01:28:17with extremely hot springs,

01:28:19tons of toxic acid,

01:28:21and active volcanoes.

01:28:23The landscape is just amazing.

01:28:25And it is probably the only place

01:28:27inhabited on Earth

01:28:29where no life can exist.

01:28:31Yes, it's an oxymoron, I know.

01:28:33The Afar people live here all year

01:28:35and harvest the salt around the springs

01:28:37to trade it,

01:28:39while scientists have found

01:28:41no microbial life in this one.

01:28:43And it's only in places

01:28:45where anyone should tend to flee.

01:28:47Let's take the example of Mount Tambora

01:28:49in Indonesia.

01:28:51Thousands of people have lived

01:28:53on and around these slopes for centuries,

01:28:55until the fateful day of 1815.

01:28:57The Tambora is a volcano,

01:28:59and that year,

01:29:01it decided to erupt,

01:29:03which caused an explosion

01:29:05that erased everything on the island.

01:29:07It was heard from thousands of kilometers away.

01:29:09It spat out so much volcanic ash

01:29:11that it fell back on the surrounding islands

01:29:13and caused a year without summer

01:29:15in the entire northern hemisphere.

01:29:17It was the most powerful eruption

01:29:19in the last 10,000 years.

01:29:21And after this one, Mount Tambora

01:29:23lost up to 1,524 meters

01:29:25in height.

01:29:27But let's go back to our time.

01:29:29There is an island that you will never have the right to visit.

01:29:31But I bet you would like to avoid it

01:29:33at all costs anyway.

01:29:35The island of Serpent, in Brazil,

01:29:37is home to thousands of...

01:29:39Serpents, as the name implies.

01:29:41As soon as you set foot on its soil,

01:29:43you will run the great risk of being bitten by a viper.

01:29:45The island is also the only place

01:29:47where you can meet

01:29:49a golden spear-headed viper.

01:29:51The meeting of a life, for sure.

01:29:53This place is so dangerous

01:29:55that Brazil has totally banned

01:29:57access to tourists

01:29:59and all other visitors.

01:30:01Well, I'm going to change plans then.

01:30:03Now, put on your warmest clothes

01:30:05and don't forget your fur hat.

01:30:07Let's go to Oymyakon, in Russia.

01:30:09It's a small town in the Far North

01:30:11and it's also the coldest place on the planet.

01:30:13The only place on Earth

01:30:15where the average temperature is lower

01:30:17is Antarctica.

01:30:19So that's to tell you how icy it is.

01:30:21In winter, if you forget to put on a sweater,

01:30:23another sweater, another sweater,

01:30:25and a fur coat,

01:30:27you will be frozen to the bone

01:30:29in a few seconds.

01:30:31Here, temperatures drop to minus 71°C.

01:30:33Fresh fruits turn

01:30:35into pieces of ice in a few minutes

01:30:37and become so hard

01:30:39that you can use an apple

01:30:41to shove nails into the wood.

01:30:43Before freezing to death,

01:30:45let's go to a place where no boat

01:30:47can take you to,

01:30:49the Namibian Skeleton Coast.

01:30:51No, seriously, you can only get here

01:30:53by car or plane

01:30:55because boats and ships

01:30:57don't come close to this place.

01:30:59The waters are very steep

01:31:01and sudden gusts of wind

01:31:03can break their hulls.

01:31:05The coast itself is hundreds of kilometers long

01:31:07and is divided into two parts,

01:31:09one in the south

01:31:11and the other in the north.

01:31:13Visitors on all-terrain vehicles

01:31:15are allowed to enter freely

01:31:17into the southern part,

01:31:19but only 800 people a year

01:31:21can enter the northern part

01:31:23only as a guided tour.

01:31:25We know that many people have never

01:31:27got lost in this desert

01:31:29and it's a really scary place.

01:31:31There are a lot of animals

01:31:33that have been found here.

01:31:35However, about 50,000 indigenous people

01:31:37manage to survive here

01:31:39with animals that have also adapted.

01:31:41seals, lizards, hyenas

01:31:43and even elephants.

01:31:45Who would have thought

01:31:47that there is a mass destruction machine

01:31:49in the heart of Europe?

01:31:51Yes, Naples, one of the most famous cities

01:31:53in Italy, is built at the top

01:31:55of a supervolcano.

01:31:57In 2018, scientists noticed

01:31:59a magma in its depths.

01:32:01They say that this volcano

01:32:03is not likely to erupt

01:32:05in the near future.

01:32:07But there is a smaller volcano

01:32:09but no less dangerous

01:32:11a few kilometers away,

01:32:13the famous Vesuvius.

01:32:15You've probably heard of it.

01:32:17It's the one that erupted

01:32:192,000 years ago,

01:32:21covering the Roman city of Pompeii

01:32:23with ash and magma.

01:32:25Vesuvius has been active for a long time

01:32:27every time it passes through the city.

01:32:29So as long as we are here,

01:32:31let's try the pizza.

01:32:33The northeast of France

01:32:35is also an uninviting place.

01:32:37Since the 1920s,

01:32:39there is an area called

01:32:41the red zone,

01:32:43declared forbidden to the public.

01:32:45If by chance you find yourself

01:32:47in this desolate place,

01:32:49you will only see burnt plants

01:32:51and a burnt earth,

01:32:53in complete opposition

01:32:55to the desire to suffocate.

01:32:57Anyway, nothing can survive

01:32:59in this red zone.

01:33:01There is an island inhabited in Japan

01:33:03that has been closed

01:33:05to air travel for 8 years.

01:33:07Miyakejima is actually a volcano

01:33:09on the slopes of which people live.

01:33:11But it erupts every 20 years or so,

01:33:13knowing that the last one

01:33:15took place in 2000.

01:33:17Normally, the volcano does not release lava,

01:33:19but it releases huge clouds

01:33:21of toxic sulfuric gas.

01:33:23By the way,

01:33:25at the peak of its activity,

01:33:27the inhabitants of the island

01:33:29had to wear gas masks

01:33:31permanently with them.

01:33:33And even years after the eruption,

01:33:35they still had the reflex

01:33:37to take their masks with them,

01:33:39just in case.

01:33:41Not far from where we just went,

01:33:43in the Russian region of Kamchatka,

01:33:45there is an incredibly beautiful valley

01:33:47in which no one wants to stay

01:33:49for too long.

01:33:51But there is another active volcano.

01:33:53When the mountain lets out its smoke,

01:33:55spoiler, quite often,

01:33:57the toxic gases heavier than air

01:33:59swallow its slopes and spill into the valley.

01:34:01The smallest creatures have no chance

01:34:03of surviving by breathing its gases.

01:34:05And even the largest animals

01:34:07and humans will have a hard time

01:34:09getting out of it.

01:34:11Another deadly holiday destination

01:34:13is the district of Salstromen in Norway.

01:34:15It looks calm and beautiful,

01:34:17and everything makes you want

01:34:19to go there.

01:34:21But don't go there.

01:34:23Every six hours, the calm of the three

01:34:25turns into a roaring mass

01:34:27shaking huge and powerful whirlwinds.

01:34:29It's because of a tidal current

01:34:31between two fjords

01:34:33that unite and oppose each other here.

01:34:35At high tide, the current is too strong

01:34:37for the three streams,

01:34:39which makes it a deadly trap

01:34:41for swimmers and boats.

01:34:43In Bolivia, there is a 72-kilometer road

01:34:45that only the bravest dare to travel.

01:34:47The road is a mountain range

01:34:49and is a major attraction for cyclists

01:34:51eager for strong sensations.

01:34:53A new passage has been built

01:34:55to bypass the most dangerous parts

01:34:57of the road.

01:34:59But the original road was very narrow,

01:35:01with the gulf on one side

01:35:03and the absence of a guardhouse

01:35:05and a steep slope on the other.

01:35:07Frequent landslides, fog and rain

01:35:09made the cycling here extremely dangerous

01:35:11and unpredictable,

01:35:13which of course never prevented

01:35:15cyclists from taking a ride.

01:35:17There are people who really like danger.

01:35:19If you like hot springs,

01:35:21you could also enjoy a visit

01:35:23to the Boiling Lake in Dominique,

01:35:25or not.

01:35:27Located in a national park,

01:35:29it is a cavity filled with water

01:35:31in constant boiling from nearby rivers.

01:35:33It is kept warm by the almost

01:35:35burning sources of toxic gas

01:35:37and the vapors above the surface

01:35:39are also toxic.

01:35:41The lake attracts tourists,

01:35:43but we know that it can explode

01:35:45and flood the vicinity of gas clouds.

01:35:47Someone to sign up for the excursion?

01:35:49No, really no one?

01:35:53You walk along the shore.

01:35:55Everything is calm,

01:35:57except for the peaceful clatter of the water.

01:35:59The hot sun of Georgia

01:36:01strikes you in the neck.

01:36:03This is where you notice something

01:36:05strange on the ground.

01:36:07It looks like a 25-cent black piece

01:36:09with a strange pattern.

01:36:11Does it look like a coin?

01:36:13This thing looks like an old bucket

01:36:15with a symbol engraved on it.

01:36:17It probably comes from a long-lost

01:36:19civilization.

01:36:21You could sell it and make a fortune.

01:36:23You crouch on a knee to pick up

01:36:25your new treasure.

01:36:27As soon as your finger touches it,

01:36:29you quickly remove your hand

01:36:31because you feel the fear

01:36:33infiltrate your guts.

01:36:35It's hairy.

01:36:37You try to pick it up again

01:36:39when it starts to move.

01:36:41Your heart pounds in your chest.

01:36:43It beats so hard

01:36:45that you can feel it in your head.

01:36:47Fear turns into horror

01:36:49when the coin comes out of the ground

01:36:51twirling.

01:36:53It's not an ancient treasure.

01:36:55It's a huge spider.

01:36:57A Cyclocosmia trincata,

01:36:59to be precise.

01:37:01This excruciating coin-shaped piece

01:37:03on its back serves as a shield.

01:37:05This eight-legged terror

01:37:07closes it like a lid

01:37:09so that hungry enemies can't reach it.

01:37:11Or, you know,

01:37:13giant and twisted humans like you.

01:37:15This spider is venomous,

01:37:17but its bite is not toxic for humans.

01:37:19Fortunately for you.

01:37:21But I didn't say you wouldn't feel anything.

01:37:23It's better not to get close at all

01:37:25to these huge bites. Ouch!

01:37:27Well, too bad for your finances.

01:37:29Maybe fortune is waiting for you

01:37:31in the peninsula of Basque California in Mexico.

01:37:33You walk on a dry ground

01:37:35and you see a white snake in front of you.

01:37:37You get closer.

01:37:39It looks like a super long green,

01:37:41but it doesn't move like any green

01:37:43you've ever seen.

01:37:45That's when you realize

01:37:47it has arms and a head.

01:37:49This black-eyed pearl-shaped creature

01:37:51is a top lizard of Mexico.

01:37:53It lives in the ground

01:37:55where its entire menu is located,

01:37:57made up of insects and termites.

01:37:59It rarely comes out,

01:38:01so you're lucky to come across this weird reptile.

01:38:03Here I am in a tropical forest

01:38:05in the northeast of Australia.

01:38:07In front of you, half hidden among the trees,

01:38:09you notice something big and round.

01:38:11This mysterious silhouette

01:38:13lying on the ground is covered in black hair.

01:38:15At first you think

01:38:17it's a crouched and asleep bear,

01:38:19but that wouldn't make any sense.

01:38:21There are no bears in Australia.

01:38:23You get closer

01:38:25and you feel a crack under your foot.

01:38:27The thing hears you

01:38:29and gets on its feet.

01:38:31It turns towards you

01:38:33and you see it's a weird and beautiful bird.

01:38:35Its black hair

01:38:37is just a thick coat of long and thin feathers.

01:38:39This wonderful hen

01:38:41has a bright blue head

01:38:43with a large horn on top.

01:38:45It rests on two solid legs

01:38:47with a claw-shaped handle

01:38:49on each of them,

01:38:51which can be as long as your hand.

01:38:53If you remove these feathers,

01:38:55you could confuse this beast with a velociraptor,

01:38:57but it's actually a casuaride,

01:38:59the most dangerous bird in the world.

01:39:01It could jump right over your head

01:39:03if it wanted to.

01:39:05It's certainly big enough

01:39:07to kick you in the chest.

01:39:09And its kicks are powerful enough

01:39:11to break a bone,

01:39:13not to mention this claw

01:39:15that can cut anything like butter.

01:39:17This bird is programmed to hunt

01:39:19and avoid being hunted.

01:39:21Don't even think about running away

01:39:23unless you can sprint

01:39:25at more than 50 km per hour.

01:39:27It won't be able to save you either.

01:39:29This bird is an excellent swimmer.

01:39:31It's better to move back slowly

01:39:33and hope it won't chase you.

01:39:35Another creature

01:39:37that proves it's better to keep its hands to itself

01:39:39is the panda ant.

01:39:41Its name is explicit.

01:39:43It's black, white and hairy,

01:39:45like the cutest bamboo mushroom.

01:39:47This little hairy beetle

01:39:49lives in the Chilean forests,

01:39:51but it's not going to caress

01:39:53this tiny, fluffy ant.

01:39:55It's not an ant at all.

01:39:57It's a kind of wasp.

01:39:59This black and white colour

01:40:01has one purpose,

01:40:03to warn the others

01:40:05of the powerful sting of this insect.

01:40:07And if that's not enough to make you move back,

01:40:09the wasp will emit a squeak.

01:40:11It seems cute to us humans,

01:40:13but it means that a painful sting

01:40:15is imminent.

01:40:17These insects are solitary,

01:40:19do not live in colonies

01:40:21and have no nests.

01:40:23You've probably seen insects

01:40:25that look like leaves and twigs,

01:40:27but what about a creature

01:40:29that looks like a beautiful orchid?

01:40:31You can find this fragrant flower

01:40:33in the forest or in a field

01:40:35among other plants.

01:40:37But make sure it's a flower

01:40:39you're prepared to smell,

01:40:41because otherwise

01:40:43you risk being bitten

01:40:45by a religious lie.

01:40:47The orchid's lie

01:40:49is almost impossible to distinguish

01:40:51from the flowers.

01:40:53It's pink and white,

01:40:55with legs and claws

01:40:57that look like small petals.

01:40:59It uses its resemblance to the plant

01:41:01to hide from predators

01:41:03and hunt insects that love them.

01:41:05So if a butterfly or a bee

01:41:07flies up to the flower,

01:41:09suddenly, pop,

01:41:11one of its petals starts moving.

01:41:13The innocent insect can then believe

01:41:15a simple gust of wind,

01:41:17but then the pretty petal 2

01:41:19has a clenched claw

01:41:21that suddenly grabs the insect.

01:41:23Now imagine you're in the Costa Rica jungle.

01:41:25You notice a brown snake

01:41:27sitting on a tree branch

01:41:29in front of your face.

01:41:31The snake seems about to attack you.

01:41:33You want to run as far away as possible,

01:41:35but you notice that this snake

01:41:37is unusually short

01:41:39and it doesn't let go of you.

01:41:41You wait, but the snake

01:41:43continues to bite you.

01:41:45It doesn't even whistle.

01:41:47It will never bite you

01:41:49because it's not a snake, but a caterpillar.

01:41:51The Sphinx caterpillar

01:41:53can change the shape of its body

01:41:55to look like a menacing snake.

01:41:57This allows it to easily scare

01:41:59its hungry enemies.

01:42:01The colors and patterns of its skin

01:42:03imitate the scales and eyes of a snake.

01:42:05This insect can also move like a reptile.

01:42:07A master of disguise, this one.

01:42:09Let's get out of the hot jungle

01:42:11and go to Central Europe.

01:42:13You are now in the middle

01:42:15of a beautiful and sunny country.

01:42:17Many colorful flowers are blooming,

01:42:19birds are singing, and bees are buzzing.

01:42:21Among these bees,

01:42:23there are a few that are not what they seem.

01:42:25It will be difficult for you

01:42:27to distinguish the impostors,

01:42:29but if you look really closely,

01:42:31you will see the Golden Bumblebee

01:42:33moving in the air.

01:42:35It looks like a drone,

01:42:37but in fact it is precisely

01:42:39the biggest enemy of the drone.

01:42:41The Golden Bumblebee

01:42:43has three eggs.

01:42:45Its larvae hatch and feed on bees

01:42:47and flower nectar.

01:42:49Its yellow and black color

01:42:51allows the intruder

01:42:53to pass completely unnoticed.

01:42:55Camouflage also protects it

01:42:57from its enemies.

01:42:59If it thinks it will be stung

01:43:01by a drone,

01:43:03nothing will ever be able

01:43:05to touch this insect.

01:43:07The next stop on your trip

01:43:09is the tropical forest

01:43:11It is venomous or dead,

01:43:13but because you may accidentally

01:43:15walk on it.

01:43:17The leaves of the trees have fallen

01:43:19and turned grayish gray.

01:43:21Among these leaves,

01:43:23it is difficult to distinguish

01:43:25the naked frog of Malaysia.

01:43:27The shape of its body,

01:43:29its color, and especially

01:43:31the pointy protrusions

01:43:33that protrude above its eyes

01:43:35allow it to hide perfectly

01:43:37among the dead leaves.

01:43:39Now you are in a garden.

01:43:41You see a beautiful light flower

01:43:43and a small bird

01:43:45flying near it.

01:43:47The bird flaps its wings

01:43:49so quickly that you can barely see them.

01:43:51And this long beak in the shape of a needle

01:43:53makes you immediately think

01:43:55that you are looking at a hummingbird.

01:43:57But as soon as you approach,

01:43:59you realize that it is not a bird

01:44:01but an insect.

01:44:03Fortunately, the hummingbird sphinx

01:44:05is not venomous and does not sting.

01:44:07It decorates the garden with its presence.

01:44:09Many people even grow plants

01:44:11rich in nectar to attract

01:44:13these night butterflies.

01:44:15Here is a good idea!

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