Extremes of any weather are hard to survive, either hot or cold. You must have heard about some of the warmest places on Earth where temperatures soar to extremely high levels, for example, the Sahara desert, where the temperature has risen to a maximum of 58 degrees. Similarly, there are certain places on Earth where the cold conditions make it very difficult to survive, yet brave and well-insulated explorers and scientists have developed methods to survive there. Ordinary thermometers will not operate in the majority of these locations. If you were exposed to such extreme cold conditions, your skin would freeze in minutes, and the droplets in your breath would crystallise when you exhale. Many of these locations are also research stations where essential and ground-breaking research has been conducted. Climate study, geology, astronomy, and extreme biomedicine have all thrived in these hostile environments.
#ColdWinters #Cold #Climate
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#ColdWinters #Cold #Climate
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00:00 Extremes of any weather is hard to survive, either hot or cold.
00:06 You must have heard about some of the warmest places on earth, where temperatures soar to
00:10 extremely high levels.
00:12 For example, the Sahara desert, where temperatures have risen to a maximum of 58 degrees.
00:17 Similarly, there are certain places on earth where the cold conditions make it very difficult
00:22 to survive.
00:23 Yet, brave and well-insulated explorers and scientists have developed methods to survive
00:29 there.
00:30 Ordinary thermometers will not operate in the majority of these locations.
00:34 If you were exposed to such extreme cold conditions, your skin would freeze in minutes, and the
00:39 droplets in your breath would crystallize when you exhale.
00:43 Many of these locations are also research stations, where important and groundbreaking
00:48 research has been conducted.
00:50 Climate study, geology, astronomy and extreme biomedicine have all thrived in these hostile
00:56 environments.
00:57 So, grab a hot cup of cocoa while I tell you the top cold places on the earth.
01:03 Before that, do not forget to subscribe to our channel, One India.
01:07 Dome Fuji, Antarctica
01:10 The Landsat 8 satellite focused its instruments at a high ridge on the East Antarctic Ice
01:15 Sheet in 2010 and confirmed what scientists had predicted about the area climate.
01:20 It was cold.
01:21 It's quite cold.
01:23 This arid, frigid desert was proclaimed the coldest spot on earth, with a measurement
01:27 of -92.3 degrees Celsius, breaking the previous record at the Wastock Station, which had stood
01:33 since 1983.
01:35 Despite temperatures seldom exceeding -30 degrees Celsius, mankind has discovered methods
01:40 to live and work in the region.
01:43 The adjacent Dome Fuji Station opened in 1995, and ice cores excavated in the areas provided
01:49 a look into 720,000 years of paleoclimatic history.
01:53 Wastock Research Station, Antarctica
01:56 One of the coldest spots on the planet is also one of the sunniest.
02:01 In December, the Wastock Research Station in Antarctica receives more than 22 hours
02:05 of sunlight.
02:06 In contrast, there are exactly zero hours of sunshine during the polar night, and Wastock
02:12 has the lowest mean annual temperature of any meteorological station on the world.
02:17 The Soviet Union created the station in 1957, and it is now the scene of exciting research.
02:23 In addition to ice cores and megentronomy, scientists have drilled into Lake Wastock,
02:28 a massive subglacial lake buried beneath the ice.
02:31 They uncovered an ecosystem of microorganisms and multicellular creatures that had hitherto
02:37 been isolated from the rest of the planet.
02:40 Amundsen-Scott South Pole Station, Antarctica
02:44 Because the personnel who live and work at the Amundsen-Scott South Pole Station only
02:48 witness one dawn and one sunset every year, it is not surprising that the station has
02:53 experienced some of the lowest temperatures ever recorded.
02:57 The station is located about 3,000 meters above sea level on the Antarctic Plateau.
03:02 Even in the summer, temperatures seldom get beyond -12 degrees Celsius.
03:07 The station has been continuously occupied since the United States established the first
03:11 post here in 1956.
03:14 And the average population now is roughly 150 people, although this drops to a skeleton
03:20 crew during the winters.
03:22 Scientists at the station operate on a variety of projects, including neutrino research,
03:27 biomedical research, and measurements of the cosmic microwave background with the South
03:31 Pole Telescope.
03:32 Dome Argus, Antarctic Plateau
03:36 How far can we slide down?
03:38 Scientists believe we will find out at this location.
03:40 A throne-stealing reading has not yet been made at Dome Argus, which is close to the
03:45 current record holder, Dome Fuji.
03:48 But experts suspect that a neighboring ridge is home to the coldest natural circumstances
03:53 on Earth.
03:54 A team from the University of Colorado in Boulder utilized infrared mapping technologies
03:58 to identify places in eastern Antarctica where temperatures might drop below -90 degrees
04:04 Celsius in 2018.
04:06 These occur in shallow topographic depressions around the highest point of the ice sheet
04:11 at elevations ranging from 3,800 to 4,050 meters.
04:16 And Dome Argus is a strong candidate.
04:19 Denali, Alaska
04:21 The tallest mountain peak in North America, soaring more than 6,000 meters above sea level,
04:26 is a stunning and intimidating sight.
04:29 It's also a climber's heaven.
04:31 But if you're planning an ascent, you'll need an amazing base layer.
04:35 In 2003, a meteorological station near the top recorded the lowest temperature ever recorded
04:40 in the United States - -73.8 degrees Celsius.
04:45 The US government changed Mount McKinley's official name to Denali, which is the term
04:49 used by the Koyukon people who live in the area around the summit.
04:53 Verkhoyansk, Russia
04:56 This Russian village of roughly 1,000 inhabitants is located within the Arctic Circle and is
05:01 called the "Northern Pole of Cold", where the lowest temperatures in the Northern Hemisphere
05:06 have ever been recorded.
05:08 Its distinct climate is caused by the Siberian High, a region of cold, thick air.
05:14 Temperature inversions, or pockets where temperatures actually rise with height, are common in the
05:18 area.
05:19 Incredibly, summer temperatures in Verkhoyansk routinely exceed 30 degrees Celsius.
05:24 The city has one of the biggest temperature swings between winter and summer anyplace
05:28 on Earth.
05:29 Klink Research Station, Greenland
05:31 Greenland, the world's biggest island, is rarely inhabited due to a massive ice sheet
05:38 that covers much of the territory.
05:39 Setting up weather stations in the harsh climate necessitates brave scientists riding snowmobiles
05:45 with their devices in tow.
05:47 But it is worth it.
05:49 These stations have documented some of the most severe circumstances in the Northern
05:52 Hemisphere, in addition to significant climate signs.
05:56 The Klink Research Station is located at the ice sheet's highest point, where it is exposed
06:01 to the worst of dry, cold continental environment.
06:04 Emirkon, Russia
06:05 We would love to hear estate agents attempt to sell this area of rural Russia, which is
06:11 sometimes described too as the coldest permanently inhabited settlement on Earth.
06:16 It has a population of less than 1,000 people and is located between two valleys, which
06:21 trap chilly air between them.
06:23 But we are not stuck abiding the circumstances.
06:26 Local schools, which are supposedly frozen throughout the winter, only close when temperatures
06:30 fall below -55 degrees Celsius.
06:34 North Ice, Greenland
06:36 This research station, established by the British North Greenland Expedition in 1952,
06:42 was first reached by dock sleds before military planes dropped supplies and instruments for
06:46 a team of explorers and scientists to utilize.
06:49 The record for the coldest winter in 1954 was the lowest ever recorded in the Northern
06:55 Hemisphere at that time.
06:56 The mission conducted extensive study in geology, seismology, physiology and glaciology.
07:03 Snag, Yukon, Canada
07:05 Snag is a now-abandoned hamlet in Yukon, Canada, where a record low temperature was reported
07:11 during an exceptional winter in the 1940s.
07:15 The snowfall was recorded in mid-air as they exhaled and dropped into the ground as white
07:20 dust due to the intense cold.
07:22 Strangers still, they discovered that noises travelled significantly further in the chilly
07:26 thick air, with voices audible many kilometres away.
07:31 These were some of the coldest places on the Earth that are actually uninhabitable, but
07:35 still some of these have been used for scientific research purposes.
07:39 If you found the information useful, do not forget to like, share and subscribe to OneIndia.
07:43 Thanks for watching!
07:45 [Outro Music]